Orientador: Kléber Pereira Lanças / Banca: Carlos Antonio Gamero / Banca: Tomaz Caetano Ripoli / Banca: Luiz Malcolm Mano de Mello / Banca: Paulo Sérgio G. Magalhães / Resumo: Com o aumento da potência de seus motores, visando um melhor desempenho operacional, os tratores agrícolas tiveram um significativo acréscimo nos seus níveis de ruído, colocando os tratoristas entre os profissionais de maior porcentagem de perda de audição. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se quantificar os problemas ocupacionais da relação trator-operador, relacionados ao ruído. Assim, a presente análise divide-se em duas partes: um amplo levantamento dos níveis de ruído de tratores agrícolas de fabricação nacional, medidos em condições reais de trabalho no campo, e uma avaliação audiométrica em tratoristas. Essa divisão foi necessária, pois, embora apontem para a mesma conclusão final, as duas análises pertencem a áreas totalmente diversas, usam metodologias próprias, equipamentos de medida distintos e processos de medição diferentes. Como conclusão final, pode-se afirmar que existe um grave problema ocupacional na operação dos tratores nacionais, em razão dos altos níveis de ruído, expondo os operadores dessas máquinas a grandes riscos de perda de audição. / Abstract: In the last years, the agricultural tractors engine, were increased your power, inducing a hearing loss your operators. In this work, the occupational problems of relations tractor-operator is analysed. This analysis is divided in two parts: the tractors noise level measurement, in real conditions at agricultural work; and analysis of auditive since thought both research indicating, for the some final conclusions, they are of distinct areas. The results of measurements presents very high noise level. / Doutor

Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisou as diversas soluções para atenuar os níveis de ruído dos tratores e propor um projeto de redução do ruído na sua fonte. Para tal, se propôs projetar, executar e testar alterações em componentes mecânicos causadores de ruído nos tratores, fazendo com que esses níveis se enquadrem em valores considerados salubres. Todas alterações e ensaios foram executados num trator Massey Ferguson MF 290. Para a redução do ruído foram atacados as 3 fontes principais de ruído do trator : o sistema de exaustão de gases, a hélice do sistema de arrefecimento e o sistema de admissão de ar. Como conclusão final pode-se afirmar que é possível atenuar o ruído de tratores agrícolas até níveis salubres (que não causem perda de audição a seus operadores), atuando-se exclusivamente nas fontes de ruído (motor e seus acessórios). / Abstract: This search analyze the diverse solution for attenuate the noise levels in tractors and propose a project of decrease of noise on his source. To such, se should design, execute and test alteration in tractor mechanical components, until what the noise levels is in the healthy levels. The 3 sources main of tractor's noise are : the engine exhaust system, the airscrew and the air admission system. The final conclusion indicates the possibility to attenuate agricultural noise level until healthy levels, works exclusively on noise source (engine and his accessories).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1991-12-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_jc_dr_botfca.pdf: 2492287 bytes, checksum: a807c8c30ec8482500cef1854cdf2cb1 (MD5) / Com o aumento da potência de seus motores, visando um melhor desempenho operacional, os tratores agrícolas tiveram um significativo acréscimo nos seus níveis de ruído, colocando os tratoristas entre os profissionais de maior porcentagem de perda de audição. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se quantificar os problemas ocupacionais da relação trator-operador, relacionados ao ruído. Assim, a presente análise divide-se em duas partes: um amplo levantamento dos níveis de ruído de tratores agrícolas de fabricação nacional, medidos em condições reais de trabalho no campo, e uma avaliação audiométrica em tratoristas. Essa divisão foi necessária, pois, embora apontem para a mesma conclusão final, as duas análises pertencem a áreas totalmente diversas, usam metodologias próprias, equipamentos de medida distintos e processos de medição diferentes. Como conclusão final, pode-se afirmar que existe um grave problema ocupacional na operação dos tratores nacionais, em razão dos altos níveis de ruído, expondo os operadores dessas máquinas a grandes riscos de perda de audição. / In the last years, the agricultural tractors engine, were increased your power, inducing a hearing loss your operators. In this work, the occupational problems of relations tractor-operator is analysed. This analysis is divided in two parts: the tractors noise level measurement, in real conditions at agricultural work; and analysis of auditive since thought both research indicating, for the some final conclusions, they are of distinct areas. The results of measurements presents very high noise level.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rossi_ma_dr_botfca.pdf: 1978510 bytes, checksum: 3ccb830eb4adf611b4323655ceeb3092 (MD5) / The introduction of new technologies in plantation fields, such as the use of tractors machines for agricultural activities, brought some problems to operators. The purpose of this research is to analyze the tractors and harvesters agricultural operator s working place in order to avoid security and health problems that the use of new technologies may bring to them. For this research, eight tractors and two harvesters agricultural with average power of 66kw were used. All ten agricultural machines belong to the Universidade Estadual Paulista, city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The existing literature regarding to the diversity in ergonomics and agricultural tractors and harvesters was analyzed and discussed. Together with the ergonometry technical parameters and agricultural tractors and harvesters machines themselves, other researches were required such as those related to anthropometry, interface systems - information and action, human tiredness, noise, comfort - seats and conformities, biomechanics - control and handling, working environment and technology. At first, a demand analysis methodology was used by applying individual questionnaires to the operators of the agricultural machines in order to collect information, such as muscular and mental tiredness. The result of the demand analysis revealed the problem, and therefore, the need to apply an Ergonomic Analysis of the Work (AET) by using four approaches of this methodology. The approaches were: anthropometry, biomechanics, comfort and noise. In anthropometry, the method was applied by comparing the anthropometric measures to the measures of eight of the agricultural tractors machine 4 operators and two harvesters. In biomechanics the measures of control and handling location regarding two tractors and one harvester agricultural were taken, in that case, it was necessary a scientific method based on the existing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos / Banca: Luiz Gonzaga Campos Porto / Banca: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes / Banca: Antonio Gabriel Filho / Banca: Jair Rosas da Silva / Abstract: The introduction of new technologies in plantation fields, such as the use of tractors machines for agricultural activities, brought some problems to operators. The purpose of this research is to analyze the tractors and harvesters agricultural operator’s working place in order to avoid security and health problems that the use of new technologies may bring to them. For this research, eight tractors and two harvesters agricultural with average power of 66kw were used. All ten agricultural machines belong to the Universidade Estadual Paulista, city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The existing literature regarding to the diversity in ergonomics and agricultural tractors and harvesters was analyzed and discussed. Together with the ergonometry technical parameters and agricultural tractors and harvesters machines themselves, other researches were required such as those related to anthropometry, interface systems - information and action, human tiredness, noise, comfort - seats and conformities, biomechanics - control and handling, working environment and technology. At first, a demand analysis methodology was used by applying individual questionnaires to the operators of the agricultural machines in order to collect information, such as muscular and mental tiredness. The result of the demand analysis revealed the problem, and therefore, the need to apply an Ergonomic Analysis of the Work (AET) by using four approaches of this methodology. The approaches were: anthropometry, biomechanics, comfort and noise. In anthropometry, the method was applied by comparing the anthropometric measures to the measures of eight of the agricultural tractors machine 4 operators and two harvesters. In biomechanics the measures of control and handling location regarding two tractors and one harvester agricultural were taken, in that case, it was necessary a scientific method based on the existing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor