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The focus of this study was to examine ethnic identity and coping style as potential factors in the development of Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms. This study obtained information from 381 undergraduate students at various universities and examined these variables using three instruments: the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997), the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, & Keane, 1993), and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney, 1992). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships among these variables. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to examine differences in ethnic identity, coping style, and Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms between and among the racial groups of the sample. The relevant peer-reviewed literature as well as limitations to this study and future directions for research were discussed.

Previous studies of resistance in the field of sociology have focused on many types of resistance but have not examined poor women’s resistance in the aftermath of trauma. Psychologists have examined trauma recovery and resilience, but have not examined these topics from an integrated, sociological perspective. In this work, I synthesize current scholarship on resistance from sociology with resilience in psychology and address these existing gaps. Through open-ended, semi-structured interviews with twenty-three women who suffered traumatic life events, I answer the following questions: How do women narrate their rebound from trauma and how do they define those experiences? What are the commonalities in women's narratives of overcoming? How do race, class, sexuality, and poverty intersect to affect resistance and resilience for these women? What themes emerge in women’s discussions of overcoming trauma? What aspects of their trauma recovery involve resistance and resilience? My findings show that women trauma survivors are resilient and resistant in a number of ways: through understood therapeutic means including self-help, support groups, therapy, reading about and watching programs regarding the subject, discussing trauma and recovery with family and friends, using mentors, engaging in positive spirituality, and through creative expression. I found women were resistant in less traditionally understood ways. These include choosing to get help with coping from therapy or support groups against the wishes of loved ones or others due to stigma. Other methods included renaming themselves “survivor”, “thriver”, or reject labels entirely, and creating new, resilient selves. Finally, I found that survivors of traumatic life events often rejected community norms regarding how gender is “done,” by rejecting femininity, eschewing marriage, living as out lesbians, or choosing not to have children. Two unique findings emerged through the data collection. The first was that women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds frequently rejected the idea of victimhood, identified as survivors, or chose no label at all. They narrated their transition from victim to survivor as a sudden choice as opposed to, as the literature suggests, a process. Second, I find that there is a very particular script for coping in women from lower classes which frames traumatic life experiences as, “just part of being a woman.” I find that these frequently women employed a “tough guise” identity to reclaim respect in their low-income communities. I further find that women recreate new, socially valorized identities free from stigma by engaging in prosocial coping.

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From the arrival of American ground troops to Vietnam in early 1965 to the fall of Saigon and the takeover by the North Vietnamese in 1975, Vietnam was America’s longest war. In Vietnam, as American bombing intensified, the people of Japan were remembering their own wartime past, who had themselves experienced heavy bombing, and they began to empathize with the Vietnamese people. Kaikō Takeshi, a novelist and journalist, attempted to understand the overwhelming traumatic events of his past during World War Two and these feelings were extended to all aspects of his Vietnam writing where the present is haunted by history. By examining Kaikō’s first Vietnam novel, Into a Black Sun, I will assert how his novel sets the stage for all his later writing and the touchstone for this novel is his catharsis for his war experience. He explores one of the characteristics found within the sub-genre of Vietnam War literature and writes about horror in a visceral way that uses all five of his senses to describe atrocity. I also explore how Kaikō utilizes these five senses, but primarily his sense of vision in order to comprehend the trauma of being in Vietnam. His experience in Vietnam caused the psychological blackness and darkness of his past to once again creep into his everyday life. I also discuss how Kaikō’s use of food imagery permeates throughout his works and how food has a lot of resonance for Kaikō because it relates to war and a past of starvation.

This qualitative research study explores how racial identity and racial trauma impacts a chaplain's clinical work. In the study, I interviewed eleven professional chaplains who have experienced racial situations either in their past or in their work or both and how those experiences have influenced their professional growth. After evaluating the responses of the interview, I was able to determine a number of findings that I believe would be helpful as chaplains continue to provide spiritual support in the culturally diverse hospice and hospital settings.

Bakgrund: Ett fysiskt trauma uppstår vid trubbigt eller penetrerande våld, som vid trafikolyckor eller stickskador. Vid ett fysiskt trauma förändras hela livet för den drabbade på ett ögonblick, något som gör att omhändertagandet och stödet från vården blir betydande. Trauma orsakar stora kostnader för samhället och innebär ett stort lidande för patienten. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att vårdas för ett fysiskt trauma inom somatisk vård, samt deras upplevelser av sjuksköterskans omvårdnad.  Metod: Litteraturöversikt med beskrivande design. Elva kvalitativa originalartiklar bedömdes till hög eller medelhög kvalitet. Litteratursökningen gjordes via PubMed och Cinahl. Artiklarna analyserades med Forsberg och Wengströms fem-stegs modell. Resultat: Resultatet visades i tre teman; personcentrerad vård vid trauma, information och kommunikation, att vårdas efter ett trauma, samt sju kategorier; upplevelser av omhändertagandet i traumarummet, betydelsen av stöd i traumarummet, kommunikation, otillräcklig information, brister i informationen vid utskrivning från vårdenhet, efterförloppet i vården och sjuksköterskans bemötande. Majoriteten av patienterna kände ett ökat behov av information och tydlig kommunikation. De kände sig trygga vid omhändertagandet, men bortglömda efter traumat.  Slutsats: Patienter som vårdats för ett fysiskt trauma upplevde bristande kommunikation och information från vårdpersonal samt en saknad av psykologiskt stöd. De ville få tydlig information om återhämtningen efter ett fysiskt trauma för att känna sig delaktiga i sin egen vård. Majoriteten anser att sjuksköterskan behöver se patientens behov även i stressiga situationer och framförallt, efter det akuta skedet. Patienterna ville känna sig mer delaktiga även vid utskrivning från vårdenheten. Kompetensen i teamet var patienterna överlag nöjda med då de kände att de var i trygga händer och ifrågasatte sällan professionernas färdigheter. För att ge god omvårdnad behöver sjuksköterskan arbeta efter patienters upplevelser efter ett trauma i vården.

Traumatic injury is a major burden in global healthcare systems, ranking among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 Patients are first encountered at the pre-hospital scene by providers of varying levels of expertise, such as emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics, who provide temporizing measures while patients are transported to receiving hospitals to receive definitive care.2 Ultrasound is an ever-improving medical imaging modality which is increasingly portable, low cost, and provides diagnostic imaging rapidly without the harmful effects of radiation. The objective of this study is to determine whether introduction of prehospital ultrasound (PHUS) for use on ground ambulances by prehospital providers in order to improve choice of destination hospital and aid in needle thoracostomy for tension pneumothorax will have a positive impact on mortality rate of trauma patients in an urban EMS environment. In the proposed study, trauma patients in the city of Boston, Massachusetts receiving care from Boston Emergency Medical Services (EMS) prehospital providers will be recruited over a 12-month period with a minimum goal of 2,500 patients in total. Emergency responses coded as trauma by EMS dispatch will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to either utilize PHUS or to refrain from utilizing PHUS. A z-test will be used to analyze primary outcome of 30-day mortality rate in patients who receive PHUS care as needed compared with patients who do not receive PHUS care. Study data will be collected directly from Boston EMS Electronic Medical Record (EMR). This study will be the first of its kind to randomize at the patient level, and the first to investigate a major clinical outcome of ultrasound in prehospital medical care: 30-day mortality. Point-of-care Ultrasound is an intriguing diagnostic modality that is becoming increasingly feasible in the prehospital environment, and may improve outcomes in trauma patients. Current studies provide convincing evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of these devices, especially in evaluating hemoperitoneum and pneumothorax. If an improvement in mortality rate of patients treated with prehospital ultrasound (PHUS) is demonstrated, this will be convincing evidence for the implementation of PHUS in ground ambulances and air medical services across the United States and worldwide.

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No description available.