In the past the mature market was often misunderstood and not considered to be a profitable market segment for hotel operators to pursue. Growing demographic numbers and increased affluence within the mature market are reasons for reconsideration. This study examined the business value of the mature traveler and the provision of services and attributes desired by mature travelers, as perceived by managers.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2002. / Adviser: Sonia Hofkosh. Submitted to the Dept. of English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 291-310). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [272]-284).

Part of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1931. / Text lithographed. Published also without thesis note. Includes bibliographical references.

As identidades coletivas e sua politização, no que concerne às transformações das primeiras décadas do século XIX, são aspectos fundamentais do processo de surgimento do Brasil como uma entidade política nacional e soberana. A presença maciça de estrangeiros no Brasil, possibilitada pela abertura dos portos em 1808, produziu modificações significativas para o futuro do Império português, além de registros deixados por viajantes sobre os atributos coletivos da população residente na América portuguesa. Ao descrever as paisagens e costumes da gente e ao veicularem vocábulos que dissessem respeito a estas descrições, entende-se que estes viajantes contribuíram com o processo de formação de uma futura identidade nacional. Desse modo, pretendeu-se analisar a forma como o ser brasileiro foi delineado nos relatos de viajantes britânicos e franceses que estiveram no Brasil entre 1808-1822, procurando entender as possibilidades que o abrangia e que, em momento oportuno, seria capaz de revelar adesão emocional no pertencimento ao Brasil como nação. / Collective identities and their politicization are crucial aspects in the process of Brazil appearance as a national and sovereign political entity, in the transformations of the first decades of the nineteenth century. The massive presence of foreigners in Brazil, possible by the opening of the ports in 1808, produced significant changes in the future of the Portuguese Empire, addition to records left by travelers about the collective attributes of the resident population in Portuguese America. In describing the landscapes and customs of the people and to convey words that say about these descriptions, it is understood that these travelers contributed to the formation process of a future national identity. Therefore, we intend to analyze how \"being Brazilian\" was outlined in reports from French and English travelers who visited Brazil between 1808-1822, trying to understand the possibilities that covered and that, at an appropriate time, be able to reveal the emotional attachment belonging to Brazil as a nation.

Esta dissertação investiga o universo da saúde, da alimentação e dos medicamentos na província de São Paulo no início do século XIX, através do olhar de Spix, Martius e Auguste de Saint-Hilaire. Esses viajantes vieram à América Portuguesa com o intuito de registrar as peculiaridades encontradas neste território e anotaram aspectos ligados à flora e a fauna, aos colonos e indígenas, a morfologia e anatomia das espécies, alimentação, medicamentos etc. Na província de São Paulo, alguns alimentos e plantas eram utilizados como remédios. Jesuítas e indígenas, além da medicina oficial, desempenharam importante papel no universo da cura nesta região. Outros aspectos também foram abordados, como o papel da medicina sertaneja, as influências cósmicas, as orações como tratamento e a atuação dos boticários no ofício de curar. / The main objective of this dissertation was to search on the universe of health, food and medicines in the province of São Paulo at the beginning of the nineteenth century through the eyes of Spix, Martius and Saint-Hilaire. These travelers came to America Portuguese in order to register the specifics subjects found in this area. They noted aspects of the flora and fauna, the settlers and indigenous, morphology and anatomy of the species, food, medicine etc. In the province of São Paulo, some foods and plants were used as medicines. Jesuits and indigenous, besides official medicine, played important role in the universe of healing in this region. Other issues were also addressed, such as the role of medicine in the backwoods, the cosmic influences, the prayers as treatment and the performance of pharmacists in order to cure.

As identidades coletivas e sua politização, no que concerne às transformações das primeiras décadas do século XIX, são aspectos fundamentais do processo de surgimento do Brasil como uma entidade política nacional e soberana. A presença maciça de estrangeiros no Brasil, possibilitada pela abertura dos portos em 1808, produziu modificações significativas para o futuro do Império português, além de registros deixados por viajantes sobre os atributos coletivos da população residente na América portuguesa. Ao descrever as paisagens e costumes da gente e ao veicularem vocábulos que dissessem respeito a estas descrições, entende-se que estes viajantes contribuíram com o processo de formação de uma futura identidade nacional. Desse modo, pretendeu-se analisar a forma como o ser brasileiro foi delineado nos relatos de viajantes britânicos e franceses que estiveram no Brasil entre 1808-1822, procurando entender as possibilidades que o abrangia e que, em momento oportuno, seria capaz de revelar adesão emocional no pertencimento ao Brasil como nação. / Collective identities and their politicization are crucial aspects in the process of Brazil appearance as a national and sovereign political entity, in the transformations of the first decades of the nineteenth century. The massive presence of foreigners in Brazil, possible by the opening of the ports in 1808, produced significant changes in the future of the Portuguese Empire, addition to records left by travelers about the collective attributes of the resident population in Portuguese America. In describing the landscapes and customs of the people and to convey words that say about these descriptions, it is understood that these travelers contributed to the formation process of a future national identity. Therefore, we intend to analyze how \"being Brazilian\" was outlined in reports from French and English travelers who visited Brazil between 1808-1822, trying to understand the possibilities that covered and that, at an appropriate time, be able to reveal the emotional attachment belonging to Brazil as a nation.

Esta dissertação investiga o universo da saúde, da alimentação e dos medicamentos na província de São Paulo no início do século XIX, através do olhar de Spix, Martius e Auguste de Saint-Hilaire. Esses viajantes vieram à América Portuguesa com o intuito de registrar as peculiaridades encontradas neste território e anotaram aspectos ligados à flora e a fauna, aos colonos e indígenas, a morfologia e anatomia das espécies, alimentação, medicamentos etc. Na província de São Paulo, alguns alimentos e plantas eram utilizados como remédios. Jesuítas e indígenas, além da medicina oficial, desempenharam importante papel no universo da cura nesta região. Outros aspectos também foram abordados, como o papel da medicina sertaneja, as influências cósmicas, as orações como tratamento e a atuação dos boticários no ofício de curar. / The main objective of this dissertation was to search on the universe of health, food and medicines in the province of São Paulo at the beginning of the nineteenth century through the eyes of Spix, Martius and Saint-Hilaire. These travelers came to America Portuguese in order to register the specifics subjects found in this area. They noted aspects of the flora and fauna, the settlers and indigenous, morphology and anatomy of the species, food, medicine etc. In the province of São Paulo, some foods and plants were used as medicines. Jesuits and indigenous, besides official medicine, played important role in the universe of healing in this region. Other issues were also addressed, such as the role of medicine in the backwoods, the cosmic influences, the prayers as treatment and the performance of pharmacists in order to cure.

Studies of tourism statistics have revealed that tourism movements worldwide are based on intraregional tourism, which includes cross-border mobility, rather than long-haul tourism. Although there have been studies on borders carried out in the past for various purposes, there remains a distinct lack of research into cross-border leisure-oriented mobility, particularly in Southeast Asia. As a result, examining constraints and permeability on leisure-oriented cross-border mobility may well help to overcome the tourist behaviour and cross-border mobility divide in literature, thus the subject of this thesis. The aims of this thesis are to investigate an identifiable sector of the population (i.e. Thai university students) and to analyze the motivations that drive, and constraints that limit their ability to travel to the neighbouring countries of Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, and Myanmar. Using a self-administered closed-questionnaire, data was collected from 750 students in seven universities in three provinces: Assumption, Kasetsart, and Thammasart Universities in Bangkok, Naresuan, and Pibunsongkram Rajabhat Universities, in Phitsanulok, and Mae Fah Luang and Chiang Rai Rajabhat Universities in Chiang Rai. The data was collected from October to December 2005. A response rate of approximately fifty percent was achieved. Analysis of the data showed that Thai university students were motivated by visiting heritage and historical sites to cross borders to Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar; whereas, the driving force for visits to Malaysia was to see new things and places. Interestingly, fear emerged as the constraint which most limited the students from travelling over the border to each of Thailand�s neighbouring countries. Psychological constraints were reported as having more influence on the respondents� border crossings than physical constraints. Distance from the borders also influenced cross-border ability. The study showed that cross-border travel behaviour was related to gender and income, but unrelated to the respondents� age. The research revealed that the respondents felt the easiest way to overcome their constraints to travel was to gain more travel experience and search for more information on their destination of choice. Interviews were gathered from fifteen key persons employed in five different fields of the travel industry and whose work related either directly and indirectly to cross-border mobility. The interviews took place during November 2005 to February 2006 at informants� workplaces in Bangkok and Chiang Rai. It was revealed that tourism development in border areas is regarded by society as having substantial social and economic benefits to the local people and their communities. It also revealed that borders do not have any direct physical effects toward people�s movement. It was found that the tenets of people�s leisure-oriented cross-border mobility were formed by both motivations and constraints; therefore, individuals must find a way to negotiate or overcome constraints before achieving the actual action. The uniqueness of the study was to illustrate the dynamic and simultaneous treatment of the fundamentals contributing to cross border mobility. This thesis has broken new ground in analyzing the theories developed predominantly in Western contexts of travel motivations and leisure constraints in an Asian setting, particularly in the context of Thai studies. It was found that the Thai tourist behaviour especially the university students, who are an important and significant and separate population, are difference from those students in the Western society in that Thai university students more concern in cross-border travelling to gain knowledge than to enjoy nightlife (sex, alcohol, and drugs).

This research examines socio-cultural change and resilience resulting from holiday tourism and visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel. The unique cultural attributes of the Pacific region differentiates it from many other generic sea, sand and sun travel destinations worldwide, providing the region with a competitive edge. This research recognises these essential socio-cultural attributes using Samoa as a case study offering various levels of tourist and VFR interactions. The thesis investigated four communities, their culture and the impacts from holiday tourists and VFR travellers. The research methodologies guiding this research offer an innovative and credible mechanism to assess the resilience of the socio-cultural fabric of a Pacific Island nation with growing holiday tourism and a thriving VFR travel sector. A social and cultural capital approach was used to understand communities and their networks in a dynamic and comprehensive way. A combination of participatory action research techniques and critical ethnographic methodologies were used to interact with respondents. Analysis of data used both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Results of this research have significantly furthered discussion of the socio-cultural fabric of those communities studied in Samoa and how individual socio-cultural elements are influenced by holiday tourism and VFR travel. Based on the analysis of these holiday tourist and VFR traveller impacts, the results can guide planning and policy oriented benchmarks for improved socio-culturally sustainable tourism.