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<p><p><p>This study aimed to identify some of the strategies students used when pronouncing unfamiliar words. Questionnaires were handed out to 94 students in the 9th grade in a medium-sized Swedish town. In addition, two teachers and 13 students were interviewed. The results indicate that the students had acquired some basic knowledge about the English sound system from phonetic training in their past education. However, there seemed to be a tendency among the students to use the trial-and-error strategy to a larger extent than using tools such as phonetic transcription in order to figure out the pronunciation of a word. The results also show that the teachers did not teach planned lessons on pronunciation, but instead it was more common that they responded to errors made by students. In conclusion, the results show that the students' knowledge in pronunciation in general was limited. In addition, there seemed to be a connection between the way the students and the teachers approached pronunciation and the student's ability to solve pronunciation issues.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p></p></p>

Vi har alltsedan våra praktikperioder haft en grundläggande förståelse för hur mankan arbeta inom organisationer där innovation är ett centralt begrepp. Vi har dockaldrig kommit i kontakt med beslutsprocesserna runt dessa projekt. Efter praktikenhar vi ifrågasatt de värderingsmetoder som vi tidigare sett som relativt heltäckande.Vi är båda aktiva på börsen vilket är ytterligare en faktor som ökat vårt intresse förämnet då börsens värdering av bolag med hög risk och hög innovationshöjd ärosäker. Där saknas analyser som belyser problemet. Detta har lett till att vi söktvärderingar på dessa bolag med hjälp av olika metoder och ökat förståelsen för hurextern värdering går till.Författarnas studier har naturligtvis inspirerat valet av uppsatsämne. Studierna harockså påverkat hur vi ser på värdering och vilka resultat vi förväntar oss av studien.Vi har läst finansiering där värdering är väldigt centralt eftersom det är viktigt att sättamöjligheter i relation till varandra. Här har vi under hösten berört flera metoder där deflesta är baserade på diskonterade kassaflöden. Den andra parametern förutomkassaflöden är risken. Eftersom risk och avkastning alltid ska följa varandra så måsteavkastningen vara hög nog för risknivån. Risken har vi beräknat med hjälp av CAPMeller WACC. Dessa metoder använder sig av antingen marknadsförhållanden ellermer specifika förhållanden inom bolaget för att mäta risken. Vi har också kommit ikontakt med BASEL-fördragen och därmed Value-at-Riskmåtten som beräknar hurmycket man riskerar att förlora under en viss tid med en specificerad säkerhet. Medhjälp av dessa metoder och genom att jämföra nyckeltal har vi värderat allt frånprojekt till portföljer. Vi har alltid haft kassaflöden som grund för beräkningarna dockmed osäkerhet kring omfattningen av dessa.Under våra praktikperioder så arbetade vi båda två i väldigt innovativa miljöer. Ingenav oss kom i direktkontakt med beslutsprocessen då man valde mellan projekt, menett intresse för hur det gick till föddes. Bristen på förklaringar hur man hanteradeprojekt utan säkra kassaflöden under vår utbildning och även i de rapporter vi läst harbara ökat vårt intresse kring företag och deras projektval.Eftersom vi vill sätta oss in i hur beslutsprocessen ser ut på innovativa företag har vivalt en abduktiv metod, dvs. att utgå från vår data och teori för att utforska ettforskningsgap. Vår förhoppning är att den här studien kan vara en inspirationskälla tillandra abduktiva eller induktiva studier liksom vara en grund för vidare deduktivforskning i ämnet.Vi vill också passa på att tacka de medverkande företagen och personerna viintervjuat. Vi vill också rikta ett tack till vår handledare Anders Isaksson för all hjälpgenom denna snåriga process.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第17819号 / 医博第3817号 / 新制||医||999(附属図書館) / 30634 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 金子 武嗣, 教授 大森 治紀, 教授 福山 秀直 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The objective of this study was to develop soy concept foods with potential marketability in the food industry for health conscious consumers. Fourteen commercial soy protein isolate samples were obtained from various processors. The flavor profiles of the soy protein isolates were evaluated by five expert panelists. The three soy protein isolate samples with the most acceptable flavor profiles were utilized for further analysis and the development of soy concept foods including cranberry nut soy pudding, two bean soy dip and a soy based meal replacer. Based on consumer acceptability studies, it appears that two bean soy dip may have the most potential for success in the food industry. Although, no differences (P>0.05) existed in acceptability among soy protein products in any of the soy concept foods, ISP may have the most potential for utilization in the development of new products since numerical values were slightly higher when this soy protein was incorporated into the various concept foods.

In this qualitative case study, self-directed learning theory was used as the lens to explore experiences of nine women entrepreneurs during the first four years of business ownership as they sought to acquire skills necessary to run their businesses. Data were collected over six months through in-person 90-minute interviews and follow-up questions posed by telephone and email. Qualitative data software was used for coding and thematic analysis, resulting in five broad conclusions related to learning, with additional unanticipated findings. Study participants engaged in a variety of self-directed learning activities, mostly through trial and error experimentation, and possessed varying motivations for learning. Educational level and reliance on past industry experience limited openness to new experiences and commitment to learning for some, particularly those with high school degrees or limited college experience. The majority of learning was pursued “just-in-time” as the need mandated when a challenge presented itself rather than in a pre-planned manner. Learning was heavily reliant on other people: most sought the advice of paid professionals, former co-workers, or friends and family. The use of a mentor for learning was identified by one participant, while three employed business coaches for professional guidance. Much of their learning was highly instrumental in nature, focused on here-and-now problem solving related to managing employees, handling legal issues in establishing the business, and learning to market themselves. While extremely self-confident in their abilities, most of the women struggled with issues of family and work-life balance, and several described guilt over neglecting one aspect of their lives for the other. Study conclusions emphasize the importance of knowing how to learn in the entrepreneurial context and suggest ways entrepreneurs can access knowledge and new experiences for learning, with implications for entrepreneurship programs, government agencies, and educators.

From the large scale of documents effective to find the near-duplicate document, has been a very important issue. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect near-duplicate document from the large scale dataset, our method is divided into three parts, feature selection, similarity measure and discriminant derivation. In feature selection, document will be detected after preprocessed. Documents have to remove signals, stop words ... and so on. We measure the value of the term weight in the sentence, and then choose the terms which have higher weight in the sentence. These terms collected as a feature of the document. The document¡¦s feature set collected by these features. Similarity measure is based on similarity function to measure the similarity value between two feature sets. Discriminant derivation is based on support vector machine which train a classifiers to identify whether a document is a near-duplicate or not. support vector machine is a supervised learning strategy. It trains a classifier by the training patterns. In the characteristics of documents, the sentence-level features are more effective than terms-level features. Besides, learning a discriminant by SVM can avoid trial-and-error efforts required in conventional methods. Trial-and-error is going to find a threshold, a discriminant value to define document¡¦s relation. In the final analysis of experiment, our method is effective in near-duplicate document detection than other methods.

This study aimed to identify some of the strategies students used when pronouncing unfamiliar words. Questionnaires were handed out to 94 students in the 9th grade in a medium-sized Swedish town. In addition, two teachers and 13 students were interviewed. The results indicate that the students had acquired some basic knowledge about the English sound system from phonetic training in their past education. However, there seemed to be a tendency among the students to use the trial-and-error strategy to a larger extent than using tools such as phonetic transcription in order to figure out the pronunciation of a word. The results also show that the teachers did not teach planned lessons on pronunciation, but instead it was more common that they responded to errors made by students. In conclusion, the results show that the students' knowledge in pronunciation in general was limited. In addition, there seemed to be a connection between the way the students and the teachers approached pronunciation and the student's ability to solve pronunciation issues.

Forskning som analyserar appar och dess användning vid läs- och skrivutveckling är ett tämligen outforskat område. Syftet med studien är att analysera och belysa funktionen hos appar som är anpassade för och används i grundskolans åk 1–3 i ämnet svenska inom området läsa och skriva. Analysverktyget som används för att besvara studiens syfte är en sammanställning av ramverk, matriser och kategoriseringar som använts i tidigare forskning. Detta verktyg används vid analys av 27 stycken appar. De färdigheter i det centrala innehållet avseende läsa och skriva som apparna fokuserar är främst att utveckla lärandemål som stor och liten bokstav, bokstavskännedom samt sambandet mellan ljud och bokstav. Inte någon app i urvalet utvecklar färdigheterna textbearbetning eller att skriva texter efter dess typiska uppbyggnad och drag. Den fonologiska medvetenheten är det apparna främst avser att utveckla hos användaren. De övriga aspekterna av språklig medvetenhet finns det betydligt färre appar som utvecklar. Den behavioristiska synen på lärande synliggörs i de instruktiva apparnas läraktiviteter. De bjuder in till aktiviteter med trial and error där användaren kan prova sig fram till rätt svar. Återkopplingen sker via ett förstärkningsschema där varje besvarad fråga följs av antingen en positiv eller negativ förstärkning. De appar som analyserats är användarvänliga och har inga onödiga funktioner som distraherar från lärandet. Enligt det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande sker läs- och skrivutveckling i sociala sammanhang men apparna består till största delen av ensamarbete.

The central objective of this work consists of gives rise to a theoretical reflection on the relationships involving Man and Nature. It constitutes also a dialogue with a previously written paper on the same subject. Both, this work and the corresponding paper, give rise to an educational product consisting of a blog. This emerging product can be applied to several teaching situations for high school and university levels. Formal and informal situations are included. The starting point here concerns the confrontation between a predominantly anthropocentric adoption due to Popper and the deconstruction of it by Lynn Margulis. This deconstruction gives rise to a conflict involving different universes of criteria. In this paper is also explored the possible incommensurability implied by the conceptual universes represented by categories like: dignity, critical discussion and reason on the one hand, and time of evolutionary experience, biochemical versatility and importance of the bacteria for the biota, on the other. This reflection leads to the result according to which both, Margulian deconstruction as well as the deconstruction of the deconstruction of her point of view, do not constitute an overcome of the self reference. Therefore, the dignity and autonomy appear as central categories of this confrontation. Rationality, language and education are emergencies concerning the socio cultural world. This study entails an articulated confluence of the fields of Philosophy, Natural and Social Sciences and Education. Several authors are invited to participate of this dialogue. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo precípuo ensejar uma reflexão teórica sobre as relações Homem/Natureza. Ela se apresenta em diálogo com um artigo escrito sobre o mesmo tema, mas diferentemente estruturado. A dissertação e o artigo correspondente constituem juntos na base teórica para gerar um produto educacional constituído por um blog, aplicável em situações de ensino concernentes tanto ao ensino médio quanto aos primeiros anos do ensino superior. São contempladas tanto situações de ensino formais quanto informais. A presente reflexão sobre as relações Homem/Natureza parte de um confronto, por nós proposto, entre a adoção preponderantemente antropocêntrica de Popper e a desconstrução desta por Lynn Margulis. Esta desconstrução enseja um conflito entre universos distintos de critérios. São exploradas também as relações de comensurabilidade/incomensurabilidade dos universos conceituais de ambas as adoções como: dignidade, discussão crítica e razão, por um lado, e, tempo de experiência evolutiva, versatilidade bioquímica e importância bacteriana para a biota, por outro. Como um dos resultados importantes desta reflexão, ressalta-se que tanto a desconstrução marguliana quanto a desconstrução da desconstrução desta não podem prescindir da autorreferência antropocêntrica. Portanto, dignidade e autonomia revelam-se como categorias centrais deste confronto. Racionalidade, linguagem e educação são emergências concernentes ao mundo sócio cultural. Este estudo se insere nos campos articulados da Filosofia, das Ciências Naturais e Sociais e da Educação. Para tal, procede-se a uma interlocução com autores de diversificadas lavras intelectuais.