Various fuel cycles for a sodium-cooled, subcritical, fast reactor with a fusion neutron source for the transmutation of light water reactor spent fuel have been analyzed. All fuel cycles were 4-batch, and all but one were constrained by a total fuel residence time consistent with a 200 dpa clad and structure materials damage limit. The objective of this study was to achieve greater than 90% burn up of the transuranics from the spent fuel.

Honey Lake Basin is a large, hydrologically closed valley with two playa lakes that are separated by a low elevation sill. The Basin has a complex hydrogeologic setting, with numerous groundwater flow paths that interact with surface waters and three basic aquifers; shallow, deep, and geothermal. Thirteen flow paths; eleven cold and two thermal, are identified and the geochemical evolution of those paths are characterized by integrating solute chemistry and isotopic data. The chemical flow paths include recharge in either granitoid or volcanic terrains in the Sierra Nevada Range and the Modoc Plateau, respectively. The groundwater then flows through alluvial fan and stream sedimentary environments and eventually flows through lacustrine and playa sediments in the closed basin. This investigating characterizes geochemical evolution of groundwater flow from both mafic and granitic terrains to lacustrine sediments with evaporite minerals, in a closed basin environment. Temperature data reveal that thermal waters circulate to 1.6-3.0 km and 2.8-3.8 km along two major fault zones. Shallow groundwaters above 17°C are determined to have a component of thermal water and mixing ratios are presented. δ18O and δD data show that deep groundwater was recharged by cooler, more humid precipitation from the last ice age, whereas shallow groundwaters reflect current meteoric conditions and show extensive evaporation trends. The two thermal flow paths show exchange with silicate minerals at high temperatures (>100°C). δ13C data show interaction with carbonate minerals in basin fill lacustrine sediments. 3H concentrations and 14C ages show that deep groundwaters throughout the Basin and shallower groundwaters in the center of the basin are not greatly affected by post-1952 recharge. Mean 14C ages range from modern to 23,500 years old. NETPATH was used to model geochemical evolution along the flow paths. Groundwater on the west side of the basin (granitic terrain) is typically low TDS (~150 mg/L) calcium-bicarbonate water and evolves into higher TDS (~300 mg/L) sodium-bicarbonate groundwater as it interacts with granitic rocks and then lacustrine sediments. Groundwater on the east side of the basin (mafic terrain) is typically low TDS (~200 mg/L) sodium-bicarbonate water and evolves into high TDS (~300 mg/L) sodium-bicarbonate water groundwater as it interacts with mafic rocks and then lacustrine sediments. Dissolution of silicate minerals and calcite, and ion exchange with clays is responsible for major chemistry changes. As both of these types of groundwaters come into contact with lacustrine sediments with evaporite minerals on the playas, dissolution of halite and gypsum dominate and the groundwater becomes extremely high in TDS (~ 1100 mg/L on the Honey Lake Playa and ~ 43,000 mg/L on the Fish Spring Playa) and strongly sodium-chloride in character.

A geochemical study of major springs and wells in Spring Valley, Nevada, and Snake Valley, Utah-Nevada was initiated in response to the Clark, Lincoln and White Pine Counties Groundwater Development Project proposed by the South Nevada Water Authority (SNWA). Water budget estimates suggest that interbasin flow accounts for a significant portion (~25%) of the water budgets in Spring and Snake Valleys. Although interbasin flow is possible in some areas, alternative plausible explanations place significant uncertainty on water budget allocations. To examine the plausibility of local and interbasin flow paths the groundwater flow in Spring and Snake Valleys was evaluated using solute and isotopic data. Evidence for local flow paths includes: 1) stable isotope values in local areas which are similar to isotope values in adjacent recharge zones; 2) measurable 3H content and 14C activities ≥ 50 pmc in most samples which suggests short residence times; and 3) plausible geochemical models of local flow paths. Previously defined interbasin flow paths in southern Spring Valley are marked by samples that have low 14C activities (mean = 20.14 pmc), which are consistent with long residence times and can be explained by either interbasin flow from adjacent basins or deep circulation in the basin-fill sediments of Spring Valley. Interbasin flow from southern Spring Valley to southern Snake Valley cannot be confirmed or rejected based on the current data and modeling constraints, which result in plausible models involving both local flow paths and interbasin flow paths. Interbasin flow from northern Spring Valley to northern Snake Valley is unlikely and can be explained by the deep circulation of groundwater that is mixed with modern recharge. The plausibility of alternative explanations to describe previously defined interbasin flow paths suggests that water budget allocations in Spring and Snake Valleys should be redistributed or reevaluated. The use of existing water budgets that allocate large components of water to interbasin flow to determine the distribution of water resources may result in incorrect estimations of available resources.

This study examines the efficiency of ion cyclotronresonance heating in multi-ion plasmas in JET (Joint EuropeanTorus), using deuterium and tritium as fuel along with smallconcentrations of a third ion species. In particular, two ionminority scenarios, hydrogen and helium, as well as a 3-ionscenario using beryllium were constructed. The scenarios weresimulated with FEMIC and the obtained data was then compiledand analyzed through a number of metrics.The highest total power absorption was 8.56 W and wasachieved by the 4% hydrogen scenario. However, 8% hydrogenattained the highest power partition by the minority ion species.The optimal beryllium concentration regarding absorbed powerwas 0.1% in 36.2% deuterium and 63.4% tritium, with a totalcoupled power of 6.94 W. The highest power partition byberyllium was noted for the 0.25% case in a 36% deuteriumand 63% tritium plasma. / Denna studie undersöker effektiviteten av joncyklotronresonansuppvärmning av JETs (Joint European Torus) plasma, med deuterium och tritium som bränsle, samt små koncentrationer av ett tredje ämne. Mer specifikt undersöks två scenarier med minoritetsjoner, helium och väte, och ett 3-jonscenario med beryllium. För att undersöka dessa olika konstellationer körs simuleringar i FEMIC. Datan som fås från simuleringarna sammanställs och analyseras i enlighet med olika mått. Den högsta totala absorptionen av energi var 8.56 W och fas av 4% väteminoritet. 8% väte ger den högsta energipartitionen för det tredje jonslaget. Beryllium absorberade som mest 6.94 W, detta med 0.1% beryllium, 36.2% deuterium och 63.4% tritium. Den högsta energipartitionen för beryllium uppnåddes med 0.25% beryllium, 36% deuterium och 63% tritium. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm

Le but des recherches entreprises est l'étude des mélanges réels ou potentiels des eaux souterraines dans différents types de terrains. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi plusieurs exemples de milieux poreux soit: des alluvions post glaciaires, des niveaux calcaires fissures, des marno-calcaires faiblement fissurés, du socle granitique fissuré et altéré. Les analyses des teneurs en tritium dans ces eaux, prélevées en des points représentatifs, constituent le moyen d'investigation principal en vue de définir les différents aspects des circulations souterraines. La teneur en tritium des eaux étudiées est déterminée par scintillation liquide après enrichissement. Les mesures ont été faites au Laboratoire du tritium du S.A.A.R. du C.E.N. de Grenoble ;

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A APA Sul RMBH, Área de Proteção Ambiental Sul da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, localizada na porção noroeste de uma das maiores regiões produtoras de minérios, o Quadrilátero Ferrífero, é conhecida pela riqueza de sua biodiversidade, seus aspectos sócioculturais e econômicos e, principalmente, pelo seu grande potencial mineral. Nela ocorre a Formação Cauê, formação geológica conhecida pela ocorrência de minérios ferrosos e também por abrigar grandes volumes de água no subsolo. Essa unidade hidrogeológica, conhecida como Aquífero Cauê, é o objeto de estudo desse trabalho. A área delimitada para este estudo encontra-se quase completamente inserida da APA Sul e está localizada na porção noroeste do Quadrilátero. Foram realizadas medidas em quarenta e sete amostras água, entre nascentes, cabeceiras de drenagem, drenos e poços. Foram amostrados pontos de surgência dos Aquíferos Inconsolidados, Gandarela, Quartizítico, Unidades Confinantes, mas principalmente o Aquífero Cauê, no período de estiagem das chuvas em 2011. Estas amostras tiveram seu conteúdo de deutério, oxigênio-18 e trítio determinados. Destas, vinte e três também tiveram suas características químicas investigadas. Águas de chuva foram coletadas durante um ano em três pontos na área de estudos. O conteúdo de trítio e razões isotópicas de deutério e oxigênio-18 foram determinados para amostras mensais de precipitação. Os resultados possibilitaram a determinação da Linha Meteórica Local, além da atividade atual de trítio nas precipitações que subsidiou o cálculo de tempo de renovação das amostras água subterrânea. A Linha Meteórica obtida evidenciou desvio da Linha Meteórica Global quanto ao excesso de deutério. Os Efeitos Quantidade e Temperatura puderam ser observados na região. A baixa mineralização das águas do Cauê, evidenciada pelos baixos valores de condutividade elétrica, dificultou a classificação das águas, e um padrão químico não pode ser observado. Os resultados de 18O e 2H indicaram rápida infiltração para a maioria das amostras, com exceção de um grupo cuja maioria é composta por águas relacionadas aos aquíferos de cobertura. O tempo de renovação das águas subterrâneas foi calculado pelos Modelos de Fluxo em Pistão e Exponencial. Os resultados apresentaram grande variação, entre 1,5 e 279 anos. / The Environmental Protection Area of the South Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte City, known as APA Sul RMBH, located on the northwestern portion of one of the largest oreproducing regions, named Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Iron Quadrangle), is known for the richness of its biodiversity, its socio-cultural and economic and especially to its great mineral potential. In this area, occurs the Cauê Formation, a geological formation recognized for the high occurrence of iron ores and also host large volumes of fresh water in the underground. This hydrogeologic unit, known as Cauê Aquifer, is the object of study of this work. The area defined for this study is almost completely inserted into the cited protection are and is located in the northwestern portion of the Quadrangle. Measurements were taken in forty-seven water samples, including springs, headwater drainage, drains and wells. Sampled were taken of unconsolidated aquifers, Gandarela, Quartizitic, confining units, but mainly Cauê Aquifer, during the dry season rainfall in 2011. These samples had the content of deuterium, oxygen- 18 and tritium determined. Of those, twenty-three were also investigated about its chemical characteristics. Rainwater was collected during one year at three stations located the study area. The content of tritium and deuterium isotope ratios and oxygen-18 were determined on monthly samples of precipitation. The results allowed the determination of the Local Meteoric Water Line, beyond the current activity of tritium in precipitation that supported the calculation of groundwaters residence time. The Local Meteoric Line obtained showed considerable deviation from the Global Meteoric Line on the excess of deuterium, while the slope was similar to the global one. The quantity and temperature effects were observed. The low mineralization of the groundwaters, evidenced by low values of electrical conductivity has obstructed their classification. A chemical pattern could not be attributed to the aquifer. The 18O and 2H results indicate rapid infiltration for most samples, except for a group formed mainly by water related to unconsolidated aquifers. The residence time of groundwater samples was calculated by piston flow and exponential flow models. The results showed a great variation, with waters between 1.5 and 279 years old.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-02-03T11:46:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T11:46:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

In this work, which deals with problematics of releases from nuclear power plants, I tried to make an overview of various types of nuclear power plants and radioizotopes which are released through liquid and gasseous effluents. As a part of this comparison evaluation of czech and world nuclear power plants gaseous and liquid releases was made. Introductory part of this work contains information about different types of nuclear power plants and radioizotopes, which are produced in their reactors. It continues with today{\crq}s legislative and information about releasing levels and methods and systems used for measurement of radioactive gaseous and liquid effluents from nuclear power plants. Second part of this work describes the aim of this work and hypothesis. Third part explains the methods, which were used for completing of this work. Fourth part contains results in the form of tables and graphs. Fifth part represents discussion of the results. Last part is a summarization of the results.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-02-03T11:46:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T11:46:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) são uma das maiores causas de morte ao redor do mundo, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Sabe-se que, alterações do nível das lipoproteínas plasmáticas, que são responsáveis pelo transporte do colesterol pela corrente sanguínea, estão relacionadas com o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Por essa razão conhecer os parâmetros biocinéticos das lipoproteínas plasmáticas e quantificá-los é importante para corrigir e aprofundar estudos relacionados às doenças associadas a alterações no nível das lipoproteínas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é fornecer um modelo biocinético e estimar as doses radiométricas para o 3H-Colesterol, um traçador radioativo empregado em estudos fisiológicos e metabólicos. O modelo utilizado neste trabalho foi baseado em [SCHWARTZ e col., 2004] quanto à distribuição do colesterol pelas lipoproteínas e no modelo gastrointestinal do [ICRP 30, 1979]. As doses distribuídas nos compartimentos do modelo e nos órgãos e tecidos de um adulto padrão descritos no [ICRP 106, 2008] foram calculadas utilizando a metodologia MIRD (Medical Internal Radiation Dose) e a análise compartimental realizada pelo programa computacional Matlab®. Os coeficientes de doses foram estimados para um phantom de um homem padrão (73 kg) descrito no [ICRP 60, 1991]. As doses estimadas tanto para o modelo quanto as estimadas para outros órgãos foram baixas e não ultrapassaram a maior dose obtida que foi no intestino grosso superior, como sendo 46,8 μGy. Esses parâmetros poderão ser utilizados como auxilio em trabalhos que necessitem de pareceres dos comitês de ética, quanto ao uso do 3H-Colesterol como traçador radioativo. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

In addition to a loss of potential revenues from Utah's $393 million sport fishing industry, the state expends millions of dollars every year on costs associated with whirling disease mitigation and prevention. A state fish hatchery at Midway, Utah was closed when the shallow unconfined aquifer being used for fish culture by spring discharge was deemed to be contaminated by whirling disease. An alternative water source may exist in a confined aquifer below this contaminated unconfined aquifer. However, the complex hydrostratigraphy presents a challenge in determining if this source is a viable resource for fish culture. Geological, physical, chemical, geophysical, and isotopic data were combined to create a conceptual model of the groundwater flow at the site and to determine the interactions this confined aquifer may have with the contaminated aquifer. This model divides groundwater at the hatchery into a shallow unconfined system, an upper confined system, and a lower confined system. The shallow unconfined system is characterized by a water table ~1m below ground surface, several active springs, fast travel times, modern water mixed with ancient hydrothermal water, relatively high TDS, and relatively enriched isotopic values. The confined aquifers have a smaller hydrothermal component, relatively depleted isotopic values, lower TDS, and modern recharge components. Two orthogonal shallow high-resolution seismic reflection profiles indicate substantial heterogeneity in the subsurface at the level of the confined systems at the hatchery. Several north-south trending normal discontinuities were interpreted as possible faults from the seismic profile oriented as a dip line, whereas the strike profile shows discontinuous layering without noticeable faulting. A well log profile for the site shows discontinuous tufa layers amid heterogeneous alluvium material. These tufa layers separate upward leaking confined aquifers from the unconfined system. It is only through the integration of several methods that such mixed systems, can be understood. In this study, the lower confined aquifer was found to be a sufficient and safe resource through the integration of numerous methods.