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Tracking the longitudinal effects of student-teacher trust on mathematics self-efficacy for high school studentsHarvey, Kristin Emilia 07 November 2013 (has links)
A current national priority is improving secondary school mathematics performance. National initiatives have attempted to help improve student achievement through curricular changes and stringent testing requirements; yet, these initiatives fail to consider the importance of student-teacher relationships in student motivation and achievement. High school students' trust in their mathematics teachers can lead to better relationships and increased feelings of competence, or mathematics self-efficacy, which is consistently linked to achievement. Student trust is based on perceptions of a teacher's competence, benevolence, openness, reliability, and honesty. The aim of my study is to determine the effect of trust in a teacher on student mathematics self-efficacy over the course of a school year, accounting for differences between individual students. The sample consisted of 230 ninth through twelfth grade students (57% girls) from a large high school in central Texas. Students reported their trust in their math teachers and their math self-efficacy at 4 time points. Growth curve modeling was utilized to model the effect of trust on self-efficacy over time. The results indicate that trust predicted self-efficacy over the course of the school year such that for a one point change in trust there was a corresponding .4 point change in self-efficacy. Gender was also a significant predictor of self-efficacy, with girls reporting lower self-efficacy on average. However, girls did not report lower trust, and the relation between trust and self-efficacy was not moderated by gender. Inasmuch as future studies should seek to expand on these findings, this study is an important first step into investigating the link between trust in teachers and self-efficacy. The results of this study serve to inform teachers, researchers, and policy makers of the importance of recognizing student-teacher relationships as an important factor in building student confidence and motivation. / text
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Parental Confidence in U.S. Government and Medical Authorities, Measles (Rubeloa) Knowledge, and MMR Vaccine ComplianceLeonard, Wendy 01 January 2015 (has links)
Parents' refusal to immunize their children with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has resulted in a surge of measles outbreaks in the United States. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationships between parental knowledge and trust of the MMR vaccine, and their trust in government and medical authorities. The theoretical foundation for this study was the health belief model (HBM). This study determined if there was any relationship between general trust in doctors/governments (i.e., the predictor variable) and attitudes toward MMR vaccine (i.e., the sole dependent variable), and whether gender, age group, or level of education moderated that general trust. A Survey Monkey subscriber database and researcher-developed survey was used to identify and email 2,500 parents of immunization-aged children, resulting in 237 respondents who met the required parameters. The analysis revealed a significant, positive relationship between the criterion and predictor variables, R = .32, R2 = .10, F(1, 235) = 26.39, p. < .001, regardless of gender, age, or education, suggesting an association between higher trust and greater likelihood of a parent allowing vaccination. This study offers significant insights for positive social change by providing pediatricians, primary health care providers, and vaccine educators, with information for communicating with vaccine-hesitant parents: It is not enough to address parental concerns of vaccine safety, efficacy, and necessity. It is also not enough to provide evidence-based scientific data, as doing so has been proven to be ineffectiveâ??and for some parents counter-productiveâ??when government and medical authorities are sited as the source. What we need to do is start focusing upon the role of parental trust, including how to best establish that trust, and equally important, what steps are necessary to sustain that trust.
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An ethnographically-informed analysis of the influence of culture on global software-testing practiceShah, Hina 21 September 2015 (has links)
There have been fewer studies performed to understand real-world software-testing practice than for other areas of software engineering, such as software requirements, design and development. In particular, surprisingly little is known about global software-testing practices---the practice of outsourcing testing activities to a company offshore---which is currently a large industry and is continuing to grow rapidly. Hence, it is important to study this practice. Moreover, research and anecdotal records provide evidence suggesting that cultural factors greatly impact aspects of the global software-engineering practice (e.g., quality and productivity). The evidence indicates that culture appears to have a greater influence on global software-engineering practice than originally envisioned. Thus, it is important to understand culture's influence particularly on the global-software testing practice.
Most of the global software practice studies have used the cultural-dimensions (e.g., Hofstede's dimensions) approach to understand culture’s influence on this practice. However, such dimensional perspectives of culture significantly limit the meaning of culture. Hence, it is important to study culture's influence on global software-testing practice by adopting a non-dimensional perspective of culture so that hidden cultural facets can be identified and uncovered.
In this dissertation research, I conducted three ethnographically-informed studies at different Indian vendor organizations, who provided software-testing services to their respective clients in a global setting, to better understand what and how cultural factors influence the global software-testing practice. I used the “culture as models” perspective, adapted from the cultural anthropologist Bradd Shore, to analyze the data from these studies. The dissertation provides a detailed description of the study design, the data analysis, and the insights that emerged from the study. The study provided insights into four embedded cultural models that have emerged from this practice---Agreement, Trust, Flexibility, and Global Software Delivery Cultural Models -- which are described and discussed in detail.
This dissertation makes the following contributions. First, it describes a framework that facilitates conducting culture-based studies in the global software- engineering domain. Second, it exposes significant cultural models that are embodied in the specific global software-testing practices investigated to better understand the affordances and clashes of cultural facets of such practices more widely. Third, it presents a ``thick description'' of the role and interplay of these cultural facets in the global software-testing practices investigated. Finally, based on the study insights, the dissertation provides implications for practice and future research.
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Classification of and resilience to cyber-attacks on cyber-physical systemsLyn, Kevin G. 21 September 2015 (has links)
The growing connectivity of cyber-physical systems (CPSes) has led to an increased concern over the ability of cyber-attacks to inflict physical damage. Current cybersecurity measures focus on preventing attacks from penetrating control supervisory networks. These reactive techniques, however, are often plagued with vulnerabilities and zero-day exploits. Embedded processors in CPS field devices often possess little security of their own, and are easily exploited once the network is penetrated. In response, researchers at Georgia Tech and Virginia Tech have proposed a Trustworthy Autonomic Interface Guardian Architecture (TAIGA), which monitors communication between the embedded controller and physical process. This autonomic architecture provides the physical process with a last line of defense against cyber-attacks by switching process control to a trusted backup controller if an attack causes a system specification violation.
This thesis focuses on classifying the effects of cyberattacks on embedded controllers, evaluating TAIGA’s resilience against these attacks, and determining the applicability of TAIGA to other CPSes. This thesis identifies four possible outcomes of a cyber-attack on a CPS embedded processor. We then evaluate TAIGA’s mechanisms to defend against those attack outcomes, and verify TAIGA satisfies the listed trust requirements. Next, we discuss an implementation and the experimental results of TAIGA on a hazardous cargo transportation robot. Then, by making various modifications to the setup configuration, we are able to explore TAIGA’s ability to provide security and process protection to other CPSes with varying levels of autonomy or distributed components.
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Communication is the key : A two-dimensional case study of relationship quality in offshore outsourcingSwanson, Ellen, Thorsson, Marie January 2015 (has links)
This thesis aims to describe and analyse how companies establish and maintain relationship quality when outsourcing offshore. In literature we have identified that companies who outsource offshore encounter difficulties with quality and costs. However most of the contracts are renewed even though they encounter these issues. The reason is because relationships are valued higher. In order to create a long-term successful offshore outsourcing, it is of essence for companies to have guidance in how to establish and maintain an effective and fruitful client-vendor relationship. The identified research research gap we will address in this thesis is the is a lack of research on how to establish and maintain relationship quality in an offshore outsourcing relationship, in terms of exploring the topic from both the client and the vendor perspective. In the literature review theories and previous research on offshore outsourcing overall is presented, as well as explains what successful and unsuccessful is. The literature review elaborates on relationship quality and social exchange theory in relation to offshore outsourcing. Furthermore, it goes into detail of the variables that are of the utmost interest to create relationship quality. These variables are trust, commitment and satisfaction. In this study both the client’s and the vendor's perspective is illustrated and compared. This was possible by conducting qualitative interviews with both client and vendor. The interviewees all had several years experience of working with outsourcing to or from India. The empirical finding from these interviews were analysed with help from the theoretical framework. However during the interviews we identified that communication is significantly important when establishing and maintaining relationship. To achieve success in an offshore outsourcing project the communication between the client and the vendor should be trustworthy, transparent, honest and clear, also conflicts should be solved through this type of communication.
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Dynamic Credibility Threshold Assignment in Trust and Reputation Mechanisms Using PID Controller2015 July 1900 (has links)
In online shopping buyers do not have enough information about sellers and cannot inspect the products before purchasing them. To help buyers find reliable sellers, online marketplaces deploy Trust and Reputation Management (TRM) systems. These systems aggregate buyers’ feedback about the sellers they have interacted with and about the products they have purchased, to inform users within the marketplace about the sellers and products before making purchases. Thus positive customer feedback has become a valuable asset for each seller in order to attract more business. This naturally creates incentives for cheating, in terms of introducing fake positive feedback. Therefore, an important responsibility of TRM systems is to aid buyers find genuine feedback (reviews) about different sellers.
Recent TRM systems achieve this goal by selecting and assigning credible advisers to any new customer/buyer. These advisers are selected among the buyers who have had experience with a number of sellers and have provided feedback for their services and goods. As people differ in their tastes, the buyer feedback that would be most useful should come from advisers with similar tastes and values. In addition, the advisers should be honest, i.e. provide truthful reviews and ratings, and not malicious, i.e. not collude with sellers to favour them or with other buyers to badmouth some sellers.
Defining the boundary between dishonest and honest advisers is very important. However, currently, there is no systematic approach for setting the honesty threshold which divides benevolent advisers from the malicious ones. The thesis addresses this problem and proposes a market-adaptive honesty threshold management mechanism. In this mechanism the TRM system forms a feedback system which monitors the current status of the e-marketplace. According to the status of the e-marketplace the feedback system improves the performance utilizing PID controller from the field of control systems. The responsibility of this controller is to set the the suitable value of honesty threshold. The results of experiments, using simulation and real-world dataset show that the market-adaptive honesty threshold allows to optimize the performance of the marketplace with respect to throughput and buyer satisfaction.
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Developing trust in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising : the effects of benefit type and balance of risk and benefit informationBall, Jennifer Gerard 14 June 2011 (has links)
Trust in direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical advertising is declining among consumers. Survey findings suggest providing more information about side effects and benefits to address this issue. Some scholars also criticize the ads for their emotional content despite the key role emotion can play in health-related decision making and trust. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to assess the relative effectiveness of functional and emotional benefit communication as well the preferred balance of side effects and benefits information provided in DTC pharmaceutical ads in terms of perceived credibility/trust and persuasive outcomes. Results suggest a message including a combination of functional and emotional benefits is considered more credible and informative than an ad describing only emotional benefits. In addition, a high amount of side effect information produces lower brand attitudes and greater perceptions of manipulative intent compared to a low amount of side effect information. Implications for pharmaceutical advertising practitioners and researchers are discussed. / text
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Social relationships and job procurement by graduates: case study of a Chinese universityAgelasto, Michael Alexander. January 1996 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Understanding Childhood- Everyday Life and Welfare System, from the point of view of Childcare Workers in Finland.Chaulagai, Som January 2015 (has links)
This study carried out in one children’s home in Finland. This study aims to understand how the caregivers collectively perceive their work to secure and construct the childhood of the children living in the children’s home. Furthermore, the study mainly includes caregiver’s perceptions and practices of upbringing of children in the children’s home, which have been thoroughly analysed in the study. The study follows carefully designed two qualitative research methods: focus group interview and text for data collection. The data comprise one focus group interview of seven child care workers that includes five discussion questions about children’s home, listening to the children, importance of rules, regulations and daily routines, children’s future and difficulties in the work. References have been given to the ‘text’, i.e. institution’s policy documents- rules and regulations and the Finnish Child Welfare Act for the analysis of the data. However, the study does not include the analysis of the ‘text’ itself. Moreover, thematic analysis is used for data analysis. The study highlights that understanding childhood comprise the process of trust building between children and care workers- allowing children’s voice, agency, independence and protection respecting the child rights, personal integrity with the provision of safe home, trustable adults and permanent routines and individual child care plan. In addition, the same body ‘caregiver’ who, at the same time, allows child autonomy, agency and independence, also regulates the children’s everyday life, controls children and creates limitation, bridge trust and protect them from developing deviancy and asocial behaviours. Such process gives special consideration to the children’s psychological as well as physical incompetency such as age, immaturity and the vulnerable past in the children’s home that partly creates dilemmas/conflicts in delivering full agency to the children as mentioned in the legal frame work. The study reveals that building trust takes place through interaction between children and care workers and is a long-term process that backs up bringing corrective experiences in children. Listening to the children means helping and teaching them to recognise own feelings, emotions and stand independent and strong for oneself in the future. Likewise, respect to the child rights and organising everyday life delivers protection and safety net to the children. The study reveals, despites various difficulties at work, such as changing welfare act, complicated bureaucracy, unlimited parental rights and surprising legal interference, the child workers have the professional as well as moral obligations to protect children and provide them a safe and intact growing environment. Finally, the study reveals that future of the children is based on the personal choices they make in future and only a few of them will have relatively better life than others. However, all of the children are always under potential risk of post-traumatic collapses. Keywords: childhood, child perspective, agency, children’s voice, building trust.
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The Effects of Decision-Making and Leadership Styles on Relationships and Perceived Effectiveness in the University Development ContextVan Loveren, Rachael K. 01 January 2007 (has links)
This study examined how employees' perceptions of leadership, decision-making, and relationships are associated with their perception of a development operations' effectiveness. Deans, development officers, central development staff, and unit development staff at the University of South Florida were surveyed via email. The results indicated that employees' perceptions of leadership, decision-making, and relationships are strongly related to their perceived job satisfaction, trust, commitment, and control mutuality and consequently their perception of the development operation's effectiveness.
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