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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
301

Sample preparation and mass spectrometry in proteome studies /

Hirschberg, Daniel, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.
302

Comparison of the theory, application, and results of one- and two- dimensional flow models

Lee, Kathryn Green, Melville, Joel G. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.100-101).
303

Croissance et structure à l'échelle atomique d'un nouveau matériau cristallin bidimensionnel à base de silicium et d'oxygène / Growth and atomic structure of a novel crystalline two-dimensional material based on silicon and oxygen

Mathur, Shashank 16 September 2016 (has links)
L'oxyde de silicium est un composé très largement abondant qui existe sous différentes phases, cristallines ou amorphes, qui se présentent sous la forme de structures poreuses ou de films minces. Il s'agit d'un diélectrique traditionnel pour la microélectronique et d'un support de choix pour des nanoparticules dans des systèmes catalytiques. Sa structure, amorphe ou tridimensionnelle et complexe, rend difficile la compréhension des propriétés jusqu'aux échelles les plus élémentaires. Les films utra-minces épitaxiés, parfois nommés « silice bidimensionelle » se prêtent au contraire à des caractérisation fines de la structure et des propriétés.Cette thèse avait pour objectif de préparer une telle phase d'oxide de silicium. A l'aide de sondes de sciences des surfaces, la microscopie à effet tunnel (STM), la diffraction d'électrons rapides en réflexion (RHEED), dont les analyses ont été confrontées aux résultats de calculs en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT), la structure de cette phase à pu être résolue jusqu'à l'échelle atomique. Nous avons mis en évidence l'arrangement hexagonal de tétraèdres de [SiO4], chimisorbés sur la surface (0001) du ruthenium en des sites spécifiques. Une phase d'oxygène diluée, reconstruite sur le Ru(0001), a été observée, qui coexiste avec l'oxide de silicium.La croissance de l'oxyde de silicium, a également été étudiée, par un suivi in operando, en temps réel pendant la croissance, par RHEED. Une évolution marquée de taille de domaines et/ou de l'accumulation et de la relaxation de déformations a été observée alors que l'oxyde de silicium crystallise. Un mécanisme de croissance a été proposé sur la base de ces observations, selon lequel les espèces chimiques à la surface se réorganisent par des déplacements latéraux élémentaires. Ce mécanisme s'accompagne de la formation, inévitable, de lignes de défauts uni-dimensionnelles, dont la structure a été déterminée à l'échelle atomique par STM. / Silicon oxide is a widely abundant compound existing in various forms from amorphous to crystalline, bulk to porous and thin films. It is a common dielectric in microelectronics and widely used host for nanoparticles in heterogenous catalysis. Its amorphous nature and the ill-defined complex three dimensional structure is a hurdle to the understanding of its properties down to the smallest scales. Resorting to epitaxially grown ultra-thin phase (also called a two-dimensional material) can help overcome these issues and provide clear-cut information regarding the structure and properties of the material.In this thesis, studies were aimed at growing this promising novel phase of silicon oxide. Using surface science tools, including scanning tunelling microscopy (STM) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) supported by density functional theory calculations, the atomic structure was resolved to high resolution. The monolayer was found to have a hexagonal arrangement of the [SiO4] tetrahedra chemisorbed on the surface of Ru(0001) into specific sites. This lattice of monolayer silicon oxide was also found to coexist with an oxygen reconstruction of the bare Ru(0001) inside each silicon oxide cell.The growth of this monolayer was monitored in real-time by in operando RHEED studies. These experiments provided with insights the domain size evolution and the build up/release of strain field during the growth that. Based on the experimental observations, a growth mechanism leading to the formation of monolayer silicon oxide could be proposed in terms of geometrical translations of the atomic species on the surface of Ru(0001) support. This mechanism results in unavoidable formation of one-dimensional line-defects that were precisely resolved by the STM.
304

Estudo proteômico de sementes em desenvolvimento e maduras de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) / Proteomic study of the developing and mature seeds of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)

Jucá, Thiago Lustosa January 2010 (has links)
JUCÁ, Thiago Lustosa. Estudo proteômico de sementes em desenvolvimento e maduras de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.). 2010. 102 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T12:51:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_tljuca.pdf: 10957597 bytes, checksum: 3f8772ad2102c447a821263267f58114 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-14T22:57:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_tljuca.pdf: 10957597 bytes, checksum: 3f8772ad2102c447a821263267f58114 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T22:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_tljuca.pdf: 10957597 bytes, checksum: 3f8772ad2102c447a821263267f58114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Although the potential of the seed Jatropha as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel is widely recognized, little is known about the deposition patterns of oil and protein during seed development. The availability of this knowledge will be crucial for the creation of new genotypes to meet the demand from the biodiesel industry. In this study, we performed an initial proteomic analysis of the endosperm in developing and mature in order to identify proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism as well as proteins with allergenic properties / toxic / antinutritional that are responsible for marking the residue of oil extraction unsuitable for consumption animal. Through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) were established reference maps of protein fractions from the endosperm of the seed development (ESD) and mature (ESM), which were obtained by exploring the properties of differential solubility of proteins in the endosperm. These reference maps, 1480 spots in total were selected (712 "ESD" and 768 "ESM"), removed from the 2DE gel and digested with trypsin for subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry. Were used for searching the databases NCBInr and a local database of ESTs from developing seeds and during germination of Jatropha. A total of 525 spots were identified and classified functionally. Although most of the proteins identified were related reservation function, proteins involved in biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids were identified and diterpenes, as well as various metabolic-related proteins, protease inhibitors and curcina toxic protein. The relatively low rate of identification obtained in this study may in part be attributed to the fact that there is extensive databases for this species. The results presented here represent the first in-depth analysis of the deposition pattern and identification of proteins from seeds of Jatropha and lay the foundations on which the complete proteome of seeds of Jatropha can be established. / Embora o potencial das sementes de pinhão manso como fonte de matéria prima para a produção de biodiesel seja amplamente reconhecido, pouco se sabe sobre os padrões de deposição de óleo e proteína durante o desenvolvimento da semente. A disponibilidade deste conhecimento será de fundamental importância para a criação de novos genótipos que atendam a demanda das indústrias do biodiesel. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma análise proteômica inicial do endosperma em desenvolvimento e maduro, objetivando identificar proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de ácidos graxos assim como proteínas com propriedades alergênicas/tóxicas/antinutricionais que são responsáveis por tornar o resíduo da extração do óleo inadequado para o consumo animal. Através de eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) foram estabelecidos mapas de referência das frações protéicas do endosperma de sementes em desenvolvimento (ESD) e maduras (ESM), que foram obtidas explorando as propriedades de solubilidade diferencial das proteínas do endosperma. Desses mapas de referência, um total 1480 spots foram selecionados (712 “ESD” e 768 “ESM”), retirados dos géis 2DE e digeridos com tripsina para posterior análise por espectrometria de massa. Foram utilizados para as buscas, os bancos de dados do NCBInr e um banco de dados local de ESTs de sementes em desenvolvimento e durante a germinação de sementes de pinhão manso. Um total de 525 spots foram identificados e classificados funcionalmente. Embora a maioria das proteínas identificadas fosse relacionadas com função de reserva, proteínas envolvidas em vias biossintéticas dos ácidos graxos e dos diterpenos foram identificadas, assim como várias proteínas relacionadas com metabolismo, inibidores de protease e a proteína tóxica curcina. A taxa de identificação relativamente baixa obtida neste estudo pode em parte ser atribuída ao fato de não existir bancos de dados extensos para esta espécie. Os resultados aqui apresentados representam a primeira análise em profundidade do padrão de deposição e identificação das proteínas de sementes de pinhão manso e fixam as bases sobre as quais o proteoma completo de sementes de pinhão manso poderá ser estabelecido.
305

Qualidade de gasolinas automotivas através de Espectroscopia Vibracional FT-Raman, combinada com correlação 2D generalizada / The use of Generalized Two-Dimensional FT-Raman Correlation Spectroscopy method to monitor the quality of automotive gasoline

Lima, Kellen Cristina Vilhena January 2005 (has links)
LIMA, Kellen Cristina Vilhena. Qualidade de gasolinas automotivas através de Espectroscopia Vibracional FT-Raman, combinada com correlação 2D generalizada. 2005. 305 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2005. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-25T22:26:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_tese_kcvlima.pdf: 10475763 bytes, checksum: e618c6deda94d946c15be6e420912ad1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-27T18:52:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_tese_kcvlima.pdf: 10475763 bytes, checksum: e618c6deda94d946c15be6e420912ad1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T18:52:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_tese_kcvlima.pdf: 10475763 bytes, checksum: e618c6deda94d946c15be6e420912ad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / It is reported the use of Generalized Two-Dimensional FT-Raman Correlation Spectroscopy (2DCOS-FT-Raman) method to monitor the quality of automotive gasoline in the gas stations. It is presented a procedure to identify the adulteration of automotive gasoline by the illicit addition of ethanol, methanol, aromatic and paraphinic compounds through the analysis of the Raman spectra obtained for different compositions of adulterants added to gasoline “A” type and to gasoline “A” type plus ethanol samples. It is discussed the data preconditioning step, the application of 2DCOS method, and the calibration curves that correlates the integrated intensities of the Raman bands of a given adulterant with its percentage in a given gasoline sample. It shown the protocol for using the 2DCOS-FT-Raman method to verify the adulteration in a given gasoline sample compared with a specific standard. This work emphasizes the flexibility and viability of using this method to have a specific standard for each gasoline distribution firm and also for each new gasoline derived from the refinery. / Relata a utilização da espectroscopia FT-Raman combinada com Correlação 2D Generalizada como método alternativo para a realização do controle de qualidade de Gasolinas automotivas diretamente nos postos de combustível. Apresenta os procedimentos para identificar a adulteração da Gasolina automotiva pela adição irregular de Etanol, Metanol e compostos aromáticos e parafínicos, através da análise dos espectros Raman obtidos para os diferentes adulterantes separadamente, misturados à Gasolina A e misturados à Gasolina A e ao Etanol. Descreve os procedimentos de pré-tratamento sobre os espectros Raman, a aplicação do método de Correlação 2D Generalizada aos sistemas estudados e a determinação das curvas de calibração que relacionam as intensidades integradas das bandas Raman com o teor de adulterante na Gasolina. Apresenta a praticidade de aplicação do método, que possibilita verificar a adulteração da Gasolina automotiva através da comparação entre o espectro Raman da amostra cuja conformidade se deseja verificar com o espectro da amostra padrão. Enfatiza a flexibilidade e a viabilidade de se ter um padrão específico para cada distribuidora, ou até mesmo para cada nova produção de Gasolina da refinaria.
306

Estudos de primeiros princípios do LaAIO3 e do SrTiO3 : superfícies e interface

Silva, Alexandre Ramalho January 2015 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Martini Dalpian / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, 2015. / Em 2004, foi descoberto que a interface formada entre as superf'ýcies (001) do SrTiO3 e LaAlO3 apresenta um g'as de el'etrons bidimensional (2DEG), apesar de o bulk desses materiais ser isolante. Em 2011, foi reportado um 2DEG similar na superf'ýcie (001) do SrTiO3. Apesar de haver muitos trabalhos acerca desse assunto, n¿ao h'a um consenso sobre a origem do 2DEG nesses sistemas. Inclu'ýda nesse contexto, esta tese reporta os resultados de c'alculos de primeiros princ'ýpios baseados na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT) da superf'ýcie (001) dos filmes finos de SrTiO3 e LaAlO3 e da interface (001) formada entre esses dois 'oxidos. Filmes finos de LaAlO3 e SrTiO3 tendem a ter vac¿ancias com menores energias de forma¸c¿ao da superf'ýcie, e quando com vac¿ancias apresentaram comportamento condutor. Filmes finos de SrTiO3 sem defeitos demonstraram comportamento isolante. A vac¿ancia de oxig¿enio na superf'ýcie com termina¸c¿ao TiO2 'e a menos custosa energeticamente, e nesse caso 'e detectado um 2DEG da superf'ýcie do SrTiO3. O mesmo ocorre em filmes finos de LaAlO3, com vac¿ancias de oxig¿enio e termina¸c¿ao AlO2 e vac¿ancias de La e termina¸c¿ao LaO, podendo haver forma¸c¿ao espont¿anea nesses casos. Em ambos os casos, as simula¸c¿oes sugerem que 'e formado um 2DEG na superf'ýcie. As simula¸c¿oes da interface mostraram que para a hete2 roestrutura sem defeitos 'e necess'aria a deposi¸c¿ao de quatro ou mais camadas de LaAlO3 sobre o substrato de SrTiO3 para que ocorra o comportamento met'alico. Vac¿ancias de oxig¿enio se formam preferencialmente na interface quando a espessura do LaAlO3 'e de tr¿es camadas ou menos. Para quatro ou mais camadas de LaAlO3, as vac¿ancias de oxig¿enio tendem a se localizar na superf'ýcie. Para todas as simula¸c¿oes da interface com defeitos, as heteroestruturas apresentaram comportamento met'alico, por'em n¿ao foi detectado um 2DEG na interface, j'a que as cargas n¿ao se apresentaram confinadas na regi¿ao da interface. Vac¿ancias justificam o 2DEG na superf'ýcie (001) de filmes finos de LaAlO3 e SrTiO3, por'em n¿ao explicam o 2DEG na interface entre os mesmos. / In 2004 it was discovered that the interface between the (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 surfaces presents a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG), although the bulk of these materials are insulators. In 2011 it was reported a similar 2DEG at (001) SrTiO3 surface. Despite many studies on this subject, there is no consensus about the origin of the 2DEG in these systems. Included in this context, this thesis reports results of first principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) about (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 thin films surfaces and the (001) interface formed between these two oxides. For LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 thin films, vacancies tend to have lower formation energies at the surface. Non-defective SrTiO3 thin films have demonstrated an insulator behavior. The oxygen vacancy at the TiO2 terminated surface is the most stable and in this case is observed a 2DEG at the SrTiO3 surface. The same occurs for LaAlO3 thin films with oxygen vacancies and for the AlO2 termination and with La vacancies with LaO termination. These vacancies may be formed spontaneously. In both cases, the simulations suggest a 2DEG at the surface. The interface simulations showed that in the non-defective heterostructure it is necessary the deposition of four or more layers of LaAlO3 over SrTiO3 substrate to occur a metallic behavior. Oxygen 4 vacancies are preferably formed at the interface when the LaAlO3 thickness is three layers or less. For four LaAlO3 layers or more, the oxygen vacancies tend to be located at the surface. For all simulations of the defective interface, the heterostructures showed metallic behavior. However it was not detected a 2DEG at the interface, owing the fact that the charges are not confined at the interface region. Vacancies can justify the 2DEG at the SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 thin films surfaces, however does not explain the 2DEG at the interface between them.
307

Phasing Two-Dimensional Crystal Diffraction Pattern with Iterative Projection Algorithms

January 2016 (has links)
abstract: Phase problem has been long-standing in x-ray diffractive imaging. It is originated from the fact that only the amplitude of the scattered wave can be recorded by the detector, losing the phase information. The measurement of amplitude alone is insufficient to solve the structure. Therefore, phase retrieval is essential to structure determination with X-ray diffractive imaging. So far, many experimental as well as algorithmic approaches have been developed to address the phase problem. The experimental phasing methods, such as MAD, SAD etc, exploit the phase relation in vector space. They usually demand a lot of efforts to prepare the samples and require much more data. On the other hand, iterative phasing algorithms make use of the prior knowledge and various constraints in real and reciprocal space. In this thesis, new approaches to the problem of direct digital phasing of X-ray diffraction patterns from two-dimensional organic crystals were presented. The phase problem for Bragg diffraction from two-dimensional (2D) crystalline monolayer in transmission may be solved by imposing a compact support that sets the density to zero outside the monolayer. By iterating between the measured stucture factor magnitudes along reciprocal space rods (starting with random phases) and a density of the correct sign, the complex scattered amplitudes may be found (J. Struct Biol 144, 209 (2003)). However this one-dimensional support function fails to link the rod phases correctly unless a low-resolution real-space map is also available. Minimum prior information required for successful three-dimensional (3D) structure retrieval from a 2D crystal XFEL diffraction dataset were investigated, when using the HIO algorithm. This method provides an alternative way to phase 2D crystal dataset, with less dependence on the high quality model used in the molecular replacement method. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2016
308

Otimização do problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado usando meta-heurísticas especializadas / Optimization of the two-dimensional nonguillotine cutting problem using specialized metaheuristics

Oliveira, Eliane Vendramini de 25 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Eliane Vendramini De Oliveira (eliane@fai.com.br) on 2018-07-13T03:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - versão pós defesa - 120718 (2).pdf: 24296114 bytes, checksum: b4e157585cf2618ae6be232afa8e33e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-07-13T18:36:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ev_dr_ilha.pdf: 24296114 bytes, checksum: b4e157585cf2618ae6be232afa8e33e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T18:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ev_dr_ilha.pdf: 24296114 bytes, checksum: b4e157585cf2618ae6be232afa8e33e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-25 / O Problema de Corte Bidimensional não guilhotinado tem sua aplicação prática quando comparado a problemas de indústrias que trabalham com aço, madeira, vidro, entre outros materiais, os quais necessitam de um padrão de corte que lhes proporcione maior lucro entre as peças cortadas, usando-se como técnica de corte o laser, e não a guilhotina, por isso existem diversas propostas para a resolução desse problema. Em particular, as propostas de solução utilizando-se meta-heurísticas foram o foco desta pesquisa. Vários trabalhos relevantes nessa área foram analisados, servindo de base para que esta tese trouxesse contribuições para a resolução do problema. A pesquisa sobre o problema permitiu que se apresentasse uma nova forma de representação da proposta de solução para o problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado. Outro resultado importante que se apresenta neste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de duas meta-heurísticas especializadas na resolução do problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado. A primeira delas é o algoritmo genético de chaves aleatórias viciadas, e a segunda meta-heurística implementada foi RVNS. Foram realizados vários testes, utilizando-se instâncias conhecidas na literatura especializada, e os resultados encontrados pelas metaheurísticas algoritmo genético e RVNS propostas pela autora foram de boa qualidade, principalmente se comparados com os resultados já conhecidos na literatura. Os resultados obtidos com o algoritmo genético especializado, em muitos casos, foram iguais aos encontrados na literatura, e em dois casos de testes apresentaram-se superiores, contribuindo novamente para a área especializada no problema. Outro comparativo de resultados realizados pela autora está relacionado aos resultados obtidos pelas meta-heurísticas especialistas, propostas nesta tese, aos resultados encontrados utilizando-se o software AMPL para modelagem matemática em conjunto com o solver CPLEX. Nesse caso, novamente as meta-heurísticas algoritmo genético e RVNS apresentaram resultados iguais ou muito próximos do ótimo encontrado pelo modelo matemático. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos pela autora, além de resolverem o problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado, apresentaram bons resultados, visto que promoveram melhorias em relação ao que já existe na literatura. Os algoritmos foram escritos na linguagem de programação Fortran. Foram utilizados casos de teste de pequeno, médio e grande número de peças. Concluiu-se que o problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado é complexo e apresenta diversas variantes, sendo que as meta-heurísticas implementadas, neste trabalho, atendem a essa demanda com eficiência. Evidências empíricas mostram que esses algoritmos podem ser apropriados para solucionar instâncias associadas a situações reais. / The two-dimensional non-guillotine cutting problem has its practical application when compared to problems in industries that work with steel, wood, glass, among other materials, which require a cut pattern that provides more profit among the cut pieces, using laser as a cut technique, not the guillotine. Thus, there are several potential answers for this question. In particular, the potential solutions using metaheuristics were the focus of this research. Several relevant papers in this area were analyzed, forming a base so that this dissertation can bring solutions for the problem. The research about this issue allowed us to present a new form of representation of the proposal of solution for the two-dimensional non-guillotine problem. Another important result presented in this paper is the development of two metaheuristics specialized in the resolution of the two-dimensional non-guillotine problem. The first is the biased random-key genetic algorithm. The second metaheuristics was the RVNS. Several tests were performed, using methods well-known in the specialized literature, and the results found by the metaheuristics genetic algorithm and the RVNS suggested by the author were of good quality, mainly if compared to the results already known in the literature. The results obtained by the specialized genetic algorithm, in many cases, were equal to the ones found in the literature, and, in two tests, they were superior, once more contributing to the specialized field of the problem. Another comparison between the results performed by the author is related to the outcomes obtained by the specialized metaheuristics, suggested in this dissertation, and the ones found using the AMPL software to the mathematical modeling together with the CPLEX solver. In this case, once more, the genetic algorithm and RVNS metaheuristics presented resulted identical or very similar to the optimum one found by the mathematical model. The algorithms developed by the author not just solved the two-dimensional non-guillotine cutting problem, but present good results, given that they promoted improvements, comparing to what already exists in the literature. The algorithms were written in the Fortran programming language. Small, medium and big number of pieces’ case-tests were performed. The conclusion was that the two-dimensional non-guillotine cutting problem is complex and presents several variants. However, the metaheuristics implemented by this research efficiently meet this demand. Empirical evidences show that these algorithms can be used to solve issues associated with real situations.
309

Otimização do problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado usando meta-heurísticas especializadas /

Oliveira, Eliane Vendramini de January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Resumo: O Problema de Corte Bidimensional não guilhotinado tem sua aplicação prática quando comparado a problemas de indústrias que trabalham com aço, madeira, vidro, entre outros materiais, os quais necessitam de um padrão de corte que lhes proporcione maior lucro entre as peças cortadas, usando-se como técnica de corte o laser, e não a guilhotina, por isso existem diversas propostas para a resolução desse problema. Em particular, as propostas de solução utilizando-se meta-heurísticas foram o foco desta pesquisa. Vários trabalhos relevantes nessa área foram analisados, servindo de base para que esta tese trouxesse contribuições para a resolução do problema. A pesquisa sobre o problema permitiu que se apresentasse uma nova forma de representação da proposta de solução para o problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado. Outro resultado importante que se apresenta neste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de duas meta-heurísticas especializadas na resolução do problema de corte bidimensional não guilhotinado. A primeira delas é o algoritmo genético de chaves aleatórias viciadas, e a segunda meta-heurística implementada foi RVNS. Foram realizados vários testes, utilizando-se instâncias conhecidas na literatura especializada, e os resultados encontrados pelas metaheurísticas algoritmo genético e RVNS propostas pela autora foram de boa qualidade, principalmente se comparados com os resultados já conhecidos na literatura. Os resultados obtidos com o algoritmo genético especializado, em mui... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The two-dimensional non-guillotine cutting problem has its practical application when compared to problems in industries that work with steel, wood, glass, among other materials, which require a cut pattern that provides more profit among the cut pieces, using laser as a cut technique, not the guillotine. Thus, there are several potential answers for this question. In particular, the potential solutions using metaheuristics were the focus of this research. Several relevant papers in this area were analyzed, forming a base so that this dissertation can bring solutions for the problem. The research about this issue allowed us to present a new form of representation of the proposal of solution for the two-dimensional non-guillotine problem. Another important result presented in this paper is the development of two metaheuristics specialized in the resolution of the two-dimensional non-guillotine problem. The first is the biased random-key genetic algorithm. The second metaheuristics was the RVNS. Several tests were performed, using methods well-known in the specialized literature, and the results found by the metaheuristics genetic algorithm and the RVNS suggested by the author were of good quality, mainly if compared to the results already known in the literature. The results obtained by the specialized genetic algorithm, in many cases, were equal to the ones found in the literature, and, in two tests, they were superior, once more contributing to the specialized field of the p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
310

Desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas para avaliação de cálcio, ferro e zinco ligados a proteínas de tecido hepático de Tilápia do Nilo(Oreochromis Niloticus )

Lima, Paula Monteiro de [UNESP] 18 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_pm_me_botfmvz.pdf: 842879 bytes, checksum: 6d83f475b744d68583fa0fe06786a4aa (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / No presente trabalho foi feito uma análise qualitativa de cálcio, ferro e zinco em spots de proteínas de amostras de tecido hepático de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) por Fluorescência de Raios-X de Radiação Síncroton, após a separação das proteínas por Eletroforese Bidimensional em Gel de Poliacrilamida (2D-PAGE). Os espectros de fluorescência obtidos indicaram a presença de cálcio, ferro e zinco em doze, seis e oito spots protéicos das amostras de fígado, respectivamente. Os íons metálicos detectados nas amostras estão distribuídas principalmente em proteínas de massa molar menor que 45 kDa e com pI na faixa de 4,5 a 9,0. Além do cálcio, ferro e zinco foram detectados a presença de enxofre e fósforo, elementos não metálicos, que podem ser constituintes da estrutura das proteínas. As concentrações de cálcio, ferro e zinco ligados às proteínas foram determinadas por FAAS após a mineralização ácida dos spots protéicos, encontrando-se concentrações na faixa de 1,08 a 5,80 mg g-1, 2,02 a 8,03 mm g-1 e 1,60 a 8,55 mg g-1, respectivamente / An investigation was made into calcium, iron and zinc in protein spots in samples of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) liver tissue obtained after protein separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and subsequent qualitative and quantitative evaluation by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). An analysis of the fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of calcium, iron and zinc in twelve, six and eight liver protein spots, respectively. The metal ions found were distributed mainly in proteins with a molar mass of less than 40.00 kDa and more than 12.00 kDa, with pI in the range of 4.70 to 9.40. The only exception was a spot presenting protein with a molar mass of 10.10 kDa. In addition to calcium, iron and zinc, sulfur and phosphorus – which are non-metals that may be part of the protein structure, were also detected. After microwave-assisted acid mineralization of the proteins spots, a FAAS estimation of the concentration of calcium, iron and zinc bound to these proteins indicated a range of 1.08 to 5.80 mg g-1, 2.02 to 8.03 mg g-1 e 1.60 to 8.55 mg g-1, respectively

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