This research concerns the structural and discourse related properties of cleft constructions found in spoken New Zealand English. In particular, the main analysis focuses on one cleft type, namely on the demonstrative cleft; examples include (a) 'That's what I had in mind' and (b) 'That's what I thought'. The demonstrative cleft has received little attention in the literature, and this is reflected in its inconsistent classification (some believe it to be a reversed wh-cleft, others classify it together with it-clefts, and others still use the label ‘th-cleft’). The current work investigates the clefts exemplified in (a) and (b), in terms of 23 different structural and discourse related properties. These properties were identified by consulting existing literature on clefts, and data from the Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English (about 200,000 words of spontaneous conversation). Additionally, the same excerpts of conversation were also examined for it-clefts, wh-clefts and reversed wh-clefts, whose most significant properties in spoken language are also related here. The data were tagged manually for the various cleft constructions investigated, and difficult examples were cross-checked by and discussed with other linguists. The thesis consists of three introductory chapters (Chapters 1, 2 and 3), which introduce the data investigated and the constructions analysed. Chapter 4 presents the analysis of the demonstrative cleft. Following this, peripheral and problematic demonstrative clefts, that is, clefts which deviate from the prototypical demonstrative cleft model are discussed in Chapter 5. Finally, Chapter 6 deals with other cleft types in English, namely it-clefts, wh-clefts and reversed wh-clefts, and their most significant properties in spoken language. The thesis concludes with a summary chapter (Chapter 7). One innovative aspect of the research concerns the fact that in spoken language, clefts can be 'un-integrated' or loosely integrated inside the syntactic structure which they are part of, while still being tightly connected within the discourse portion in which they are found, e.g., 'That's what you have to do when moving into a new house is nest', and 'That is what the government wants you to do is to vote Labour' (termed here double cleft construction). Double clefts are discussed in Chapter 4. The corpus also contains un-integrated wh-clefts, such as 'What I want to do is I want to study clefts', treated in Chapter 5. Previous studies suggest that in spoken language, the distinction between the syntax of clauses and the overall organisation of discourse is not always clear; clauses which do not appear to be syntactically subordinate may nonetheless be subordinate in terms of the discourse role they play. This is problematic for existing syntactic theories which rely on tightly integrated structures. An adequate analysis of un-integrated constructions, in terms of their syntax and discourse function will be of interest both to theoretical syntax and to computational linguistics. The research contributes to existing knowledge of the grammatical constructions used by speakers of New Zealand English and English worldwide. Given the significant differences between the grammar of spoken language and that of written language, this work helps increase understanding of spoken language and of what it means to be a ‘speaker’.

Thèse (de maîtrise)--Université Laval, 1997. / Bibliogr.: f. [122]-125. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Texte remanié de: Habili.-schr.--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Köln, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 473-497. Index.

Doct. diss.--Göteborg, 1996. / Résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 183-195. Index.

No description available.

El presente informe detalla la manera en la cual se enfrenta el desafío de construir un modelo de negocios para un Vivero. La forma en la que se aborda este desafío se definió tomando en cuenta los intereses y preocupaciones de quienes participan en esta empresa. La construcción del modelo de negocios sentará las bases sobre las cuales levantará el Vivero, una clara definición de los actores involucrados y sus respectivas propuestas de valor, darán pie a la identificación del marco estratégico, sobre el cual la empresa deberá proyectarse para crecer y diferenciarse en el mercado.

[pt] A discussão acerca da construção da ordem internacional e da relevância das instituições internacionais é seminal na disciplina de Relações Internacionais. Este trabalho pretende se inserir na discussão sobre a problemática da ordem a partir da relação entre a ideia de Governança Global e o discurso do desenvolvimento. Partiremos do pressuposto teórico que ideias e discursos presentes na política mundial são fundamentais para criar um consenso intersubjetivo e uniformizar os atores do sistema, colocando-os em entendimento sobre as premissas de condução dos assuntos globais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal do seguinte trabalho é analisar o discurso do desenvolvimento no sistema das Nações Unidas e sua articulação com a construção de um consenso intersubjetivo acerca do que seria a ordem internacional. / [en] The discussion about the construction of international order and the relevance of international institutions are central in International Relations discipline. This paper pretends to engage in the discussion about the problematic of order by the relation between the idea of global governance and development discourse. Theoretically, we assume that ideas and discourses in world politics are crucial for the creation of an intersubjective consensus and unify actors in the system, arranging them in accordance about the way of understanding and leading global political agenda. In this sense, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the discourse of development in the United Nations system and its articulation with the construction of an intersubjective consensus of what would be international order.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)

En el presente artículo de divulgación se expone un gran aporte que Gerard Debreu hizo en el tema de representación de relaciones en (4). En realidad, su aporte yace dentro de la demostración del Lema 1 de (4), donde reconstruye la imagen de una funión con valores en R para conseguir continuidad, este hecho es lo que posteriormente se hace referencia como el Lema Gap de Debreu. Aquí exponemos las construcciones de Debreu para conseguir una función continua que represente a una relación completamente ordenada definida en un espacio topológico.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica. / Trabajaré con “Diario de un loco”, de Gogol porque pienso que en él aparece una forma de comicidad que si bien produce risa, ésta no es del todo alegre, pues nos deja con una sensación parecida a la de la amargura. Y es que la función de la comicidad no es sólo la de producir risa o un sentimiento festivo, sino que también cumple la función de reprochar un error, de dejar de manifiesto algún vicio para que al verlo el espectador y rebajarlo por medio de la risa, no se vuelva a cometer; se trata de algo así como un fin didáctico. Tanto es así, que como nos dice Sypher, “que los antiguos se rieran de uno significaba la deshonra”.