Dissertation (PhD) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was motivated by the need to determine the key factors that influence credit demand and credit rationing in the informal financial markets so as to contribute to policy formulation to improve access for the poor in Uganda to the broader (formal and informal) financial sector. The results of the study suggest that credit demand in the informal financial sector is positively and significantly influenced by capacity related variables (education level, and household expenditure) at the household level, and the informal lenders' credit rationing behaviour is also negatively and significantly influenced by household wealth factors (asset values). The same variables have similar effects in the models for credit demand and credit rationing in the broader financial sector. Since households demand credit for both investment and consumption smoothing, improved access to the broader financial sector will enable them to acquire more wealth, and move out of poverty in the long run. The policy options to improve small borrower access to the broader financial sector include provision of incentives to banks to serve the smaller borrowers, development of credit reference bureaus, provision of innovative insurance products to the poor, and broader economic policies that enable households to acquire more wealth. In addition appropriate linkages need to be developed between the formal and informal financial sectors so as to broaden the financial system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is gemotiveer deur die behoefte om die sleutelfaktore te identifiseer wat die vraag na krediet en kredietrantsoenering in die informele finansiele markte bemvloed ten einde In bydrae te kan maak tot beleid om beter toegang vir die armes tot die bree (formele en informele) finansiele sektor in Uganda te bewerkstellig. Die resultate van die studie dui aan dat die vraag na informele krediet In betekenisvolle en positiewe verwantskap toon met kapasiteitsverwante veranderlikes (vlak van opvoeding en huishoudelike besteding) op die huishoudingvlak. Informele uitleners se kredietrantsoeneringsoptrede toon In betekenisvolle en negatiewe verwantskap met huishoudings se vlak van rykdom (batewaardes). Dieselfde veranderlikes toon soortgelyke verwantskappe in die geval van die modelle vir kredietvraag en kredietrantsoenering in die bree finansiele sektor. Huishoudings se vraag na krediet is vir beide investeringsdoeleindes en om In meer egalige verspreiding van verbruik te verkry. Daarom sal verbeterde toegang tot die bree finansiele sektor hulle in staat stel om meer rykdom te bekom en so uit armoede in die langer termyn te ontsnap. Die beleidsopsies om kleiner leners beter toegang tot die bree finansiele sektor te bied, sluit in voorsiening vir insentiewe aan banke om klein leners te bedien, die ontwikkeling van kredietverwysingsburo's, die voorsiening van innoverende versekeringsprodukte aan die armes, en breer ekonomiese beleid wat huishoudings in staat sal stel om meer rydom te bekom. Toepaslike skakeling tussen die formele en informele finansiele sektore moet ook ontwikkel word ten einde In verbreding van die finansiele sektor te bewerkstellig.

This thesis is aimed at making a contextual interpretation of Luwum’s model of non-violent resistance and church-state relations in contemporary Uganda. The thesis reconstructs Archbishop Luwum’s life and explores the roots and the formative factors that shaped his thoughts and actions. It notes that the influence of the Acholi culture, early school life, the early Ugandan martyrs, Balokole theology, his theological studies, his ecclesiastical position, his parents and the writings and works of Martin Luther King Jr. shaped and refined his worldview. All of these factors provided grounding for his political and theological articulations of non-violent resistance and church-state relations. The thesis argues the principles of non-violent resistance are in harmony with the Christian understanding of shalom. Thus the church which upholds the principle of justice, love, truth and suffering will find non-violent resistance models an important tool for fighting injustices. With regard to injustice in the Ugandan context the thesis identifies and examined Amin’s ghosts such as the politics of dominance, corruption; a militaristic tradition and a culture of guns, religious conflicts and other problems which have continued to haunt the current Uganda. All of these can be confronted by the church using non-violence resistance model. The study argues that if this is going to be effective, the Anglican Church needs to embrace a pastoral hermeneutic based on non-violence resistance which can enable the church to be involved in social transformation without being co-opted by the state. In view of this, the study finds that through the principles of the non-violence resistance model the church can advocate for reconciliation and for the formation of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) to facilitate healing, confessing the past atrocities, identifying of victims and model of non-violence. To make recommendations for possible reparation, and processing the application for amnesty and indemnity so as to prevent the future human rights violations. This will be the beginning of fostering reconciliation in Uganda and establishing justice using non-violent means. / Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

Bakgrund Äldre personer i Uganda lider av dålig hälsa på grund av åldersdiskriminering och de upplever en bristfällig tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård. Även kvinnor utgör en grupp som har sämre tillgång till sjukvård på grund av könsdiskriminering vilket påverkar deras hälsa negativt. Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att utforska självupplevd hälsa samt faktorer som påverkar hälsan hos äldre kvinnor i Uganda. Metod Detta är en explorativ studie där en  kvalitativ metod användes och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av datan gjordes och resultatet har diskuterats utifrån ett insektionellt teoretiskt ramverk. Resultat Innehållsanalysen resulterade i sju kategorier, nämligen; Självupplevd hälsa; Förändringar av dagliga aktiviteter relaterat till dålig hälsa; Brist på familjestöd; Dålig inkomst; Tillgång till sjukvård; Att inte ha råd med behandling; och Respektlöshet och misshandel. Kvinnorna i denna studie led av olika sjukdomar och smärtsamma tillstånd. Familjestöd var en viktig faktor och de som saknade stöd från familjen upplevde svårigheter att klara sig. Vissa kvinnor som inte hade något stöd hade inga möjligheter att söka sjukvård och få behandling. Vissa av de intervjuade kvinnorna upplevde diskriminering och blev misshandlade av yngre personer. Slutsats Vissa av de intervjuade kvinnorna led mycket av sjukdomar och smärta men levde utan smärtlindring och behandling. För vissa av de intervjuade kvinnorna ledde ålders- och könsdiskriminering kombinerat med låg socio-ekonimisk status och brist på familjestöd till en låg livskvalitet och dålig hälsa. / Background Older people in Uganda suffer from poor health due to a societal marginalization in the form of discrimination and inequitable access to health services. Women’s access to healthcare is also limited and there are different forms of discrimination against women in the Ugandan society which affect their health negatively. Study objective The objective of this study was to explore in depth the self-perceived health of older women in Uganda, as well as factors that influence their health. Methods This is an explorative study with a qualitative method and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis and an intersectional framework was used to discuss the results. Results The content analysis resulted in seven categories, namely; Self-perceived health; Changes of daily activities related to poor health; Lacking family support; Poor source of income; Accessing healthcare; Cannot afford treatment; and Disrespect and abuse. The women in this study suffered from various illnesses and pain. Family support was important to these women and those who lacked assistance from family members had a difficult time getting by. Some women who lacked assistance had no means to access health care and some women experienced mistreatment and abuse from younger people. Conclusion For some of the interviewed women, discrimination based on gender and age coupled with low socio-economic status and lack of family support resulted in a very fragile livelihood accompanied by a low quality of life and poor health.

My research examined farmers' knowledge and practices of farmers supported by Volunteer Efforts for Development Concerns (VEDCO), a non-governmental organisation in Central region of Uganda. Farmers in VEDCO were trained in modern farming methods, and were supposed to apply them on their farms. I worked with farmers over a period of eight months, which is a full agricultural year, to understand how farmers negotiated their way around risk in different seasons of the year using their own knowledge. I was interested in understanding the knowledge they drew on to survive. The study was qualitative and employed a case study methodology. It relied on participant observation, focus group discussions, seasonality calendars, trends' analysis, informal interviews and document review to collect data. The livelihoods of farmers and the extension education intervention by VEDCO provided an opportunity to understand the concept of knowledge, risk and livelihoods security. In this regard, the theories of Paulo Freire (1972, 1973, 1973a,1985), Ulrich Beck (1992, 1998, 2000) and Robert Chambers (1983, 1991, 1995) formed the framework for theorising knowledge, agricultural extension education, risk and livelihoods in this research. The thesis engages with what constitutes livelihoods for poor people and what that means for survival and risk reduction. In the discussion, it becomes evident that knowledge for poor people is worthwhile if it enables them meet their livelihood needs. In the discussion it also becomes apparent that poor people's livelihoods security is dependent on many aspects, and they pursue livelihoods security in a multi-disciplinary, negotiated manner that incorporates all those aspects. And unfortunately, sometimes the way modern agricultural extension pedagogy is planned and executed puts livelihoods at risk in a context where farmers' own local knowledge is not enough to confront the challenges they have to confront. The gap created by both local and modern knowledge processes resulted into the emerging of a subsistence risk society (Beck, 1992, 1998). The thesis concludes with a discussion of a concept of really useful agricultural extension education drawn from the idea of 'really useful knowledge (Jane Thompson, 1997). The emerging really useful agricultural extension education is drawn partly from the livelihoods' analysis of poor people. And partly RUAEE is drawn from an emerging understanding developed, that adult education is not just about meeting needs, rather it is about confronting systems and structures that enable social injustice and livelihoods insecurity. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Edgewood, 2011.

This study analyses adult learners' perceptions of functional adult literacy provision in six centres in Kampala city. Specifically, what is analysed is adult learners' perceptions of what motivates adults to enroll; their views on the appropriateness of the providers' strategies, approaches, methods and materials used; the venues, facilities, equipment, quantity and quality of facilitators; the extent to which the programmes address the adult learners' needs and the use of the knowledge and skills by those who complete the functional adult literacy programmes. Interviews, observation and focus group discussions were used to collect primary data from forty one adult learners from programmes of government, NGOs and the private sector in Kampala city. On the whole, findings indicate that the programmes are relevant, can improve learners' standards of living in urban areas and can help enable learners to live as useful citizens in their communities. A major de-motivator to participation was identified as shame associated with attending FAL classes. Some of the recommendations put forward are that: • Start up capital should be availed to the learners as literacy skills alone will not help them get out of poverty. • Facilitators should be well trained so as to be able to correctly use the strategies, approaches, participatory methods and adapt the rural based materials in a way that best facilitates learning. • Conditions of learning should be enhanced by improving the quality and quantity of facilities, equipment and facilitators. • The integrated functional adult literacy approach should be strengthened as it is preferred by both the learners and providing agencies. / Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

An adjustable chair was developed for children with cerebral palsy in Uganda. The chairs these children use today are custom made which means that they cannot be used when a child outgrows a chair. Sometimes the chair is used by other children and does not give the support that the child needs. The project was executed in the capitol, Kampala, by the two design engineer students Faith Auma and Emma Lingehed in collaboration with Makerere University, Kampala school for the physically handicapped and Katalemwa Cheshire home. The goal of the project was to help pupils with cerebral palsy from a young age develop adequate sitting behaviour and become more physically independent. The chair should be able to be manufactured and assembled in Uganda and the material should be able to be found in the country. The project started by clarifying the problem, information was collected through literature studies, study visits and interviews. The gathered information was used to create a product specification focusing on safety, environment, manufacturing and ergonomics. All background information was used throughout the idea generation. A number of ideas were generated and evaluated until a final concept was found. The final concept, called Billy, was chosen through a concept scoring where it was evaluated against three other concepts. Billy was considered the easiest concept to manufacture in Uganda and had the simplest construction. Billy was developed further and became the final concept Entebbe. Entebbe is a chair that is adjustable and gives the support a child with cerebral palsy needs. A prototype was made at Katalemwa Cheshire home.  Entebbe can be manufactured in Uganda and since it is module-based it can easily be repaired and resized by simply changing the concerned parts. This also means that parts can be reused to build other chairs. Entebbe can be adjusted in five different ways and requires no tools to assemble. / En justerbar stol utvecklades för barn med cerebral pares i Uganda. Stolarna dessa barn använder idag är specialdesignade vilket innebär att de inte kan användas när barnet växer ur stolen. Ibland används då stolen av andra barn och ger därmed inte det stöd som barnet behöver. Projektet genomfördes i huvudstaden, Kampala, av de två designingenjörsstudenter Faith Auma och Emma Lingehed i samarbete med Makerere University, Kampala school for the physically handicapped och Katalemwa Cheshire home. Målet med projektet var att hjälpa elever med cerebral pares redan från unga år att utveckla ett korrekt sittbeteende och bli mer fysiskt oberoende. Stolen ska kunna tillverkas och monteras i Uganda och materialet ska finnas i landet. Projektet började med att studera och klargöra problemet, information samlades in genom litteraturstudier, studiebesök och intervjuer. Den insamlade informationen användes för att skapa en kravspecifikation med fokus på säkerhet, miljö, tillverkning och ergonomi. Bakgrundsinformationen användes under idégenereringen. Ett antal idéer genererades och utvärderades tills ett slutgiltigt koncept hittades. Det slutgiltiga konceptet, Billy, valdes genom en concept scoring där det utvärderades mot tre andra koncept. Billy ansågs vara det koncept som var enklast att tillverka i Uganda och hade den enklaste konstruktionen. Billy vidareutvecklades och blev det slutliga konceptet Entebbe. Entebbe är en stol som är justerbar och ger det stöd ett barn med cerebral pares behöver. En prototyp tillverkades vid Katalemwa Cheshire home. Entebbe kan tillverkas i Uganda och eftersom den är modulbaserad är den lätt att reparera och ändra storlek på genom att enkelt byta ut de berörda delarna. Detta innebär att delarna även kan återanvändas för att bygga andra stolar. Entebbe kan justeras på fem olika sätt och inga verktyg krävs för att montera ihop stolen.

Univ., Diplomarbeit--Linz, 2003.

Thesis (doctoral)--Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 2007. / Description based on print version record.

Red Pepper has been the subject of much discussion in Uganda, with some accounts describing it as a liberal mouthpiece, and others as pornography. This case study, therefore, sought to investigate Red Pepper as a media phenomenon in Uganda in the 21st century, specifically between 2001 and 2004. Employing quantitative and qualitative methodologies, it focused on the production process and the text. Although sexualised content dominate its pages, and news about issues such as the environment and education are near-absent, its managers describe the publication as legitimate, normative and consistent with liberal media standards. Accordingly, to interrogate Red Pepper in terms of its journalistic functions, selected debates associated with liberal approaches to news media, media political economy, tabloidisation, pornography and gendered relations were reviewed. The analysis entailed five phases. The first was a denotative or descriptive analysis, which focused on the publication's structure and content focus. This was followed by an interview with management, a broad content analysis to establish the incidence of predefined content categories expected of the tabloid, pornographic and liberal press and, lastly, a theme-based content analysis that sought to establish the potential meanings and framing of the dominant content categories of gossip and sexualised copy. Overall, the study found Red Pepper to be a misogynistic tabloid, having elements said to belong to pornography and homophobia. According to the findings, not only does Red Pepper fall short of a liberal understanding of a newspaper in terms of diversity of topics, provision of information and professional practice, it also does not fit the understanding of an alternative public sphere, mainly because it fails to challenge the patriarchal framing of sex, sexuality and gendered relations. This framing is undertaken deliberately as a means to securing economic rather than journalistic ideals to which the editors pay lip service. Consequently, the gossip and sexualised content are not problematised and as such discourses and power relations therein are not interrogated. Neither are inadequacies in local systems addressed nor corrective action mobilised as expected of some tabloids. All in all, the publication fronts superficial entertainment content that echoes particular gender constructions and patriarchal commonsense and entrenches the (undesirable) status quo which, ironically, it claims to challenge.

1966 was a particularly tumultuous year in the East African country of Uganda. After an era of relative peace and stability, the country was plagued by a range of tragedies that resulted in a constitutional crisis after the 24 May attack on the palace of the King of Buganda. This was the first time in Uganda's short history that the state had deliberately and systematically turned its guns on its own people. As a point of departure the study advances that existing historical analyses on the crisis lack detail. Consequently, the core of the study was to provide a more focused detailed and multi-faceted historical account of the 1966 crisis on the Buganda’s monarchy. The study yielded insights into the political and socio-economic impacts of the 1966 political turmoil on the people of Buganda. Using the historical method to inform the research design; the study employed an archival history methodology to examine how both the colonial legacy and the internal dynamics of the Ugandan society combined to lead to a serious and dramatic conflict between the kingdom of Buganda and State of Uganda. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the political turmoil left an indelible scar on the Kingdom of Buganda. The study offers clarity on why and how the crisis occurred and contributes a better understanding of the ‘grey area’ of knowledge and insights into what the abolition of the Kingdom meant to the Baganda.