The first part of this paper presents insight in contemporary academic discussion about deeper determinants of economic growth. In the second theoretical part, the role of state in economic development is discussed from five perspectives -- the perspective of neoclassical development economics, neoliberal approaches, the perspective of providing public services, integration in international trade and the perspective of institutional factors with impact on state structure and functioning. The analytical part compares development experience of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania (from the mid 60s) from the above mention five perspectives. Then it is concluded which policies and institutions in case of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania were yielding unsatisfactory results in terms of economic development.

This report investigates how and to what extent knowledge sharing through the NAWOU gender training programmes empower the members, in the central and north region of Uganda, together with examining the members’ experiences from the programmes. Through observations, interviews and a survey during a qualitative case study in Uganda empirical data was collected and by using thematic analysis the data was analysed. The findings show that knowledge is shared on all levels and directions within the NAWOU network and is also spread outside the network to families and communities. Challenges faced by Ugandan women are today many and even though women are entitled to rights, the unawareness of them, together with social constructs, culture, sparse resources and accessibility are daily challenges to overcome. After participating in the gender training programmes, the members have become more self-aware with an increased self-esteem and self-confidence. They have gained a strong group belonging and together they accomplish social transformation. The awareness of women’s rights has increased among members and cultural structures are challenged. The members’ economic status has also increased by learning new practical skills. Even though empowerment is a process, the presented outcomes indicate that women participating in NAWOU programmes are being empowered.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / UPonly

In the early summer months of the global coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, three community-produced participatory videos were conducted on a remote basis. These projects were made in Uganda, Germany and Turkey with the use of mobile technology to understand the impact of the virus on lives of different refugee communities in distant locations around the world. This study evaluates the potential of using the emerging practice of remote participatory video at times of crisis by presenting a case study on one of the participatory video works undertaken in Rhino Camp which is one of the largest refugee camps in Uganda. Drawing on the common production stages within the traditional participatory video practices this thesis presents a preliminary outline for facilitating a remote participatory video. By deploying an affordance approach, it is aimed to investigate how participatory video was translated into a remote practice. By drawing on the Freirean process of critical consciousness the study investigates the ways in which communicative affordances of remote PV could be utilised to promote advocacy during the pandemic. Another objective of the thesis is to explore what unique local experiences and insights could refugees from Rhino Camp bring to bear on the problems caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Focusing on the analysis of the video messages from the refugees of Rhino Camp, the study explores the following question: What significance and potential could the use of remote practice of civil society produced participatory video have during the COVID-19 outbreak?

The study critically examines developing and sustaining effective governance of universities in Uganda and the extent to which effective governance has contributed to university management. The specific objectives of the study were to; identify obstacles met in implementing measures of effective governance, identify and describe the steps taken in developing and sustaining effective governance in Ugandan universities, and to develop a governance model suitable for Ugandan universities. A mixed research methodology utilising both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms was employed to gather data for this study. The study covered five purposely selected universities in Uganda. Survey questionnaires were administered to vice-chancellors, board members, registrar, deans, heads of department, academic staff and students. Semi-structured interviews also were conducted. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS while qualitative data was organised into different categories. The following salient findings emerged from the study; the findings presuppose that the universities are governed by boards that are competent and the governance environment was conducive. The governance structures indicate good university governance and the response showed that there were good structures of management in university governance Other findings indicated that Ugandan universities are faced with many obstacles which are limiting the effective governance. It was also indicated that the quality of risk management and internal controls in universities were high. The conclusion indicated that universities were continuously given more pressure by the government, public employers, politicians, and interested organisations. As a benchmark, university performance was seen as an important factor to justify the relevant functions performed by both public and private universities. It was recommended that Ugandan higher education needs improvement in the governance of universities to reduce the challenges faced. This could be initiated not through incremental change but more importantly through the governance renaissance where by the universities can be provided with a greater leeway in their functions to sustain effective governance. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Educational Management)

HIV-related anemia is associated with increased risk of death. Prior studies suggest an inverse relationship between CD4 cell count and anemia, and a positive relationship between HIV-clinical stage and anemia. However, none have assessed the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment combinations in these relationships. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship between CD4 cell count, HIV clinical stage and anemia among 4803 Ugandan HIV-patients, and assessed the role of ART treatment combinations. We included HIV patients (> 15 years) receiving ART therapy combinations between 2010- 2015. We evaluated CD4 cell count and anemia using blood tests, and HIV-clinical staging was based upon the World Health Organization HIV-clinical staging system. Information on ART treatment combinations was obtained from patients’ medical records. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the relationship between CD4 cell count, HIV clinical stages and anemia. We performed a sensitivity analysis to examine the role of ART treatment combinations. The odds of being severely anemic were highest among those classified in the low CD4 cell count category (<200cells/μL), and those at WHO stage IV. Odds Ratios were 3.7 (95% CI; 1.48-9.26) and 3.2 (95% CI; 1.75-5.70), respectively. Stratification by ART treatment combinations (TDF-based versus ADZ-based combination treatment) indicated an increase in the odds of being anemic with increase in HIV-clinical stage (stage II, OR: 1.99, 95% CI; 1.44-2.78; stage III, OR:3.17, 95% CI; 2.21-4.54, & stage IV, OR; 4.42, 95% CI; 2.68-7.30), for individuals receiving TDF-based treatment only. Results suggest that HIV-patients with a low CD4 cell count and, those in advanced HIV-clinical stages should consider regular hemoglobin follow-up to identify and treat anemia at its earliest stages.

This study is premised on the assumption that women’s right to political participation in Africa is vital, especially as women constitute half of the population in African states. Since the 1990s, much attention has been focussed on the role of women in African politics. Consequently, women’s inclusion, especially in legislatures and in the executive arm of government, has increased during this period. International and national law, combined with political will, have been relied upon to ensure that women are included in key decisionmaking positions in national government. However, women’s political participation in local government has received less attention, despite the fact that local government may be the level of government best suited to positively impact on women’s daily lives. Four of the leading African states in respect of women’s political participation in local government are Lesotho, Rwanda, South Africa and Uganda. The study focuses on these states with a view to establishing the extent to which they have domesticated international norms that advance women’s political participation in local government. Surveying relevant international instruments at the global and Africa regional level, the study establishes that generally, international law recognises women’s right to participate in politics. Local government was, in particular, not even mentioned and participation in local government could be inferred from the wider right to political participation. However, recent developments in international law are increasingly paying attention to local government. In addition, attention is increasingly being paid to ensuring that women enjoy the right to political participation on the basis of equality with men. Consequently, parity in representation is being promoted and states are expected to domesticate the international norms to which they are parties in order to realise the goal of equality in political participation. States have made efforts to domesticate international norms by including them in their constitutions or legislation. In addition, states have put in place temporary special measures focussing on the area of local government. These measures are to be utilised by states, to ensure that women participate more fully in local government. vi With respect to the four states under investigation, it is observed that there is a limited application of temporary special measures that can be used to promote women’s political participation in local government. In terms of the actual extent of women’s participation, the limited available data illustrates a relatively high percentage of women in local government, especially at the level of councillors where all the four states reviewed are performing reasonably well. None of the four states has attained gender parity among directly elected councillors even though the number of women councillors is fairly high in some of the states. Among other senior local government positions, the rate of including women is inconsistent. In some cases women are included in substantial numbers but there are also cases were the inclusion of women is disconcertingly low. States are also failing to provide detailed information on women’s political participation across all portfolios in local government. The implication of such shortcomings is that the actual levels of women’s inclusion remain largely unknown and therefore efforts to address women’s marginalisation are undermined. In order to ensure increased political participation of women at the local government level, a number of measures must be taken. First, efforts should be made at the international level to further elaborate the right to political participation with particular reference to local government, especially in so far as indirectly elected or appointed office is concerned. These are areas of local government where the current norms do not sufficiently advance women’s inclusion and as a result inclusion of women is inconsistent. Second, human rights treaty bodies should pay greater attention to questioning states on their performance in including women in local government. Questioning state performance will create greater awareness and increase the attention that states pay to women’s political participation in local government. Third, concerted efforts should be made to streamline legislation on local government in the four states under review with a view to making it simpler, clearer and consistent. The current proliferation of laws can create challenges in understanding the extent to which the law promotes women’s political participation in local government. Finally, the four states should display greater transparency with regard to providing data on women’s political participation in local government. Providing sufficient data would enable proper scrutiny and provide a diachronic picture of developments as far as women and men’s political participation in local government is concerned. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / Unrestricted

Compensation structures with relatively high levels of contingent pay encouraged managers to engage in excessive risk-taking behavior at financial institutions, which contributed to the global financial crisis of 2008. The purpose of this study, guided by the theory of the firm, was to explore compensation strategies that some executives in Uganda used to support effective risk-management practices. This multiple case study was an in-depth inquiry into compensation strategies that encouraged prudent risk-taking behavior. The target population comprised 5 risk-management executives from 5 separate commercial banks who had successfully implemented compensation strategies that supported risk management practices. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a review of company documents. Data were analyzed using Yin’s approach and involved data coding, sorting, filtering, identifying relationships, confirming and linking emerging themes to the research question. Methodological triangulation and member checking were applied to ensure the credibility, validity, accuracy, and transferability of the results. Four themes emerged from data analysis: compensation challenges, financial and nonfinancial compensation, the effectiveness of compensation, and effective implementation of compensation strategies. The findings from the study may contribute to positive social change by driving the adoption of compensation strategies that motivate leaders to focus on the long-term objectives of the firm, including investing in socially responsive projects that improve the welfare of the communities in which the banks operate.

"Although most African states seek to tackle the problem of corruption through institutoinal responses such as anti-corruption commissions, offices of ombudspersons and anti-corruption laws, it is important that citizens have a legally enforceable right of access to information (ATI) through ATI legislation. The constitutional guarantee of access to information in constitutions of African states cannot effectively be realized without ATI legislations. However, as the existence of these laws in itself will not bring about the desired changes, there is a need to agree and design minimum international standards and guiding principles that will influence the content and operations of the laws. ... The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is an introduction, which sets out the background of the study, the focus and objectives of the study, the significance of the study, especially to Uganda, the hypothesis, the methodology of the research and the literature review. Chapter two deals with the conceptualisation of ATI at the international, regional and national levels. It should be noted that this paper conceptualises ATI only in relation to corruption so as to limit the discussion to the subject matter of the research. It also examines the UN, AU, and Commonwealth responses to ATI as tool for openness in government, transparency and accountability and how ATI helps in developing a culture of anti-corruption. Chapter three examines the nature, causes and level of corruption in Uganda and the aspects of ATI that creates a culture of anti-corruption such as open government. Key concepts such as whistle blowing, open governance and the use of technology in information disclosure are discussed. Chapter four is an overview and an evaluation of the contents of [the] ATI Bill in Uganda and a critique of the Bill in relation to the basic principles developed under international law. Chapter five summarizes the study and makes some recommendations that may enhance the value of the proposed ATI in Uganda." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2001. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. H. Onoria at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

"The writing of constitutions in Africa in the 1990s seems to have become fashionable after years of political wilderness following decades of one-party rule, military dictatorships and no-party regimes. African states engaged in the process of crafting new and democratic constitutions in search of democratic and legitimate governance based on the free will of the peoples, and to foster democratic traditions. Transition to democracy is a sacred undertaking, the challenge of which is to develop constitutional and institutional mechanisms in the hope of building viable and durable democratic values and practices that would guarantee political stability, peaceful and orderly change of government, the rule of law and the complete respect for human rights. Constitution-making must be seen as a means of bringing peace and creating a stable and prosperous African continent where the people take charge of the governance and their political and economic destiny in complete freedom. This study inquires into the extent to which this goal has been achieved, with particular reference to Swaziland and Uganda. Swaziland is the only absolute monarchy in the Southern Africa region after Lesotho adopted a democratic constitution in 1993, with the King becoming a constitutional monarch. Uganda has been operating under the Movement Political System (MPS) that, until recently, did not allow free political activity. ... The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on the circumstances (context) and gives an overview of the organizational structure. Chapter 2 deals with the concepts and basic principles of constitutionalism, democracy, and human rights. Chapter 3 scrutinises the legislative mechanisms that set the process in motion and how the constiutional mandate was executed. The chapter considers the effect of the enabling legislation on ratification and implementation of the rights enshrined in the African Charter. It also looks at the role of civil society in influencing the process. To a limited extent, a comparative case study of other processes in Africa, especially the South African and Zambian experiences, is made. Chapter 4 is a discussion of human rights instruments providing for the right to participate; article 13 of the African Charter, article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) as well as article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR). A discussion of the content and meaning of the right to participate in international law is made, focusing on the jurisprudence of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, as well as the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee (HRC). Chapter 5 is conclusions and recommendations." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Henry Onoria at the Faculty of Law, Peace and Human Rights Centre, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM