In the first few decades of the seventeenth century countless songbooks were published in Italy, more than 300 of which included the notation system for guitar accompaniment known as alfabeto. This early repertoire for the five-course Spanish guitar was printed mostly in Naples, Rome, and Florence, and was a pivotal precursor to our modern tonal musical understanding. The very nature of both the instrument and its characteristic dance-song accompaniment style led composers to create block harmonies in diatonic progressions long before such concepts bore any semblance to a functioning theory. This paper uses the 1620 publication Arie a una voce by Roman composer Stefano Landi as a case study through which to examine the important roles that both alfabeto and the guitar played in the development of monody. The ongoing debates over the practicality, authorship, and interpretation of alfabeto notation are all addressed in reference to the six pieces marked “per la chitara Spag.” found near the end of Landi's first songbook. This will provide an understanding of the alfabeto notation system as well as the role of the guitar in the rise of monody, provide more specific answers concerning the viability of accompanying these specific songs on the guitar, and provide a means for constructing an informed interpretation and recording of these examples of a long-overlooked repertoire.

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Expone conceptos sobre el individuo como fruto de la modernidad y su implicancia artística y literaria partiendo de que el sujeto individual comporta las nociones de autonomía, razón, libre ejercicio de la voluntad y la autocreación según lo planteado por el pensamiento moderno. Examina aspectos del campo semántico de la poética narrativa de Julio Ramón Ribeyro que son expuestos en sus Prosas Apátridas, en sus Diarios y en la introducción de La palabra del mudo, edición de 1977. Analiza e interpreta elementos narrativos de los cuentos “Dirección equivocada”, “Una aventura nocturna” y “De color modesto”. En primer término el autor implicado y luego los procedimientos en torno a narrador y focalización, personajes, y tiempo en cada uno de los cuentos seleccionados. Posteriormente se desarrolla interpretativamente la noción de individuo que emerge del mundo representado. Aborda los siguientes temas: la ciudad y sus habitantes, individuos en luchas infructuosas, escepticismo y solidaridad en el mundo representado, e individuo y construcción de un sujeto moderno.

Les recherches qui se sont intéressées à l’étude des événements de mouvement ont démontré que, pour les coder, les langues utilisent des stratégies de lexicalisation différentes. Selon la proposition de Talmy (1985), les langues romanes correspondent au type ‘verb-framed’(VF), tandis que les langues germaniques sont considérées ‘satellite-framed’(SF). Cette classification qui permet d’identifier des distinctions intéressantes au niveau macro-typologique, mais sa rigidité ne consent pas d’observer la variabilité inter- et intra-typologiques. La thèse étude les événements de mouvement de deux perspectives complémentaires. D’un côté, du point de vue de la typologie, on observe les différences existantes entre les langues appartenant au même groupes typologique et à la même famille génétique. De l’autre côté, du point de vue acquisitionnel, on analyse l’impact des facteurs typologiques sur l’acquisition du français L2 chez apprenants italophones. Dans ce but, on a été construit un corpus de productions sur la base d’un support qui montre des mouvements volontaires et provoqués soumis auprès quatre groupes d’informateurs: deux groupes de natifs (francophones et italophones) et deux groupes d’italophones apprenant le français L2 de deux niveaux de compétence. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a des différences intratypologiques entre les langues génétiquement proches, comme l’italien et le français. De même, ces mêmes différences intratypologiques engendrent des transfert en influençant la restructuration du penser pour parler. / Recent research is interested in studying motion events in different languages by showing that, they follow different lexicalization strategies to code motion events. In light of Talmy’s proposal (1985), romance languages are classified as ‘verb-framed’ (VF), while the Germanic ones are considered as ‘satellite-framed’ (SF). The Talmy’s classification legitimated a large number of studies that confirm the validity of this dichotomy, which is the identification of interesting distinctions on a macro-typological level. Nevertheless its rigidity does not allow to observe the inter- and intra-typological variability. The study investigates motion events from two complementary perspectives. On the one hand, the differences within languages of the same typological group and the same genetic family are observed from the point of view of the semantic type On the other hand, the impact of typological factors on French acquisition as L2 by Italian speakers is analyzed from the acquisitional point of view. For this purpose, a corpus of productions was collected in a controlled situation on the basis of a support containing voluntary and caused movements submitted to four groups of informants: two groups of native (French and Italian speakers) and two groups of Italian learners of French L2 of two different skill levels. The results show that there are differences between intra-typological languages which are genetically very close, such as Italian and French. Similarly, these same intra-typological languages generate some transfer that influences the restructuring of thinking for speaking. / Le recenti ricerche in psicolinguistica e in linguistica cognitiva si sono interessate allo studiodegli eventi di movimento in diverse lingue del mondo dimostrando che, per codificare glieventi di movimento, le lingue seguono strategie di lessicalizzazione differenti. Alla luce dellaproposta di Talmy (1985, 2000), le lingue romanze sono classificate nel tipo ‘verb-framed’(VF), ovvero a quadro verbale, mentre le lingue germaniche sono considerate ‘satelliteframed’(SF), ossia lingue a quadro satellitare. I due tipi si differenziano essenzialmente per ildiverso locus di codifica delle componenti semantiche: le lingue a quadro verbale, come ilfrancese e l’italiano, tendono a lessicalizzare l’informazione semantica della Traiettoria nelverbo principale, mentre la Maniera è omessa o espressa in una proposizione subordinata.Invece, le lingue a quadro satellitare come l’inglese, esprimono la Maniera nella radiceverbale e la Traiettoria mediante dei satelliti, ovvero degli elementi associati al verbo(avverbi, prefissi, particelle, etc). La classificazione di Talmy ha giustificato un gran numerodi studi che hanno confermato la validità di questa dicotomia, che permette di individuaredelle interessanti distinzioni a livello macro-tipologico, ma la sua rigidità non consente diosservare la variabilità inter- e intratipologica (Ibarretxe-Antuñano, 2004b,d, 2009a; Slobin,2004). La variabilità tipologica che le lingue mostrano nella concettualizzazione degli eventidi movimento, condiziona il modo in cui i locutori selezionano le informazioni semantiche(Traiettoria e Maniera) e, di conseguenza, il modo in cui un apprendente esprime lecomponenti di un evento di movimento in L2. La tesi studia gli eventi di movimento da dueprospettive complementari. Da un lato, dal punto di vista della tipologia semantica, siosservano le differenze esistenti tra le lingue appartenenti allo stesso gruppo tipologico e allastessa famiglia genetica. Dall’altro lato, dal punto di vista acquisizionale, si analizza l’impattodei fattori tipologici sull’acquisizione del francese L2 di apprendenti italofoni. A questoscopo, è stato costruito un corpus di produzioni raccolte in una situazione controllata sullabase di un supporto che mostra dei movimenti volontari e provocati sottoposti a quattrogruppi di informatori: due gruppi di informatori nativi (francofoni e italofoni) e due gruppi diapprendenti italofoni di francese L2 di due livelli di competenza (intermedio e avanzato).I risultati mostrano che vi sono delle differenze intratipologiche tra lingue geneticamentemolto vicine, come l’italiano e il francese. Analogamente, queste stesse differenze intratipologiche generano dei transfert influenzando la ristrutturazione del pensare perparlare.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-22T12:10:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_ProjetoMacrodrenagemBacia.pdf: 2342806 bytes, checksum: 9a72995e2b180fbec3fb3e08966d75bc (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-23T13:24:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_ProjetoMacrodrenagemBacia.pdf: 2342806 bytes, checksum: 9a72995e2b180fbec3fb3e08966d75bc (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-23T13:24:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_ProjetoMacrodrenagemBacia.pdf: 2342806 bytes, checksum: 9a72995e2b180fbec3fb3e08966d75bc (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Este trabalho se propõe investigar as condições de qualidade de vida da população residente na região afetada pelo Projeto de Macrodrenagem da Bacia do Una (PMU). Este projeto compreende nove bairros de Belém-PA. Foi desenvolvido para sanear e recuperar as áreas alagadas ou alagáveis da cidade, gerando melhores condições de vida para seus moradores. A pesquisa tem a intenção de avaliar os efeitos deste projeto sobre as condições de vida da população moradora do local. A metodologia adotada incorpora a visão da população sobre a intervenção e, também, promove uma análise comparativa entre as diversas áreas atingidas pelo projeto. A pesquisa identifica aspectos da vida desses moradores referentes às condições de habitação, infra-estrutura, serviços públicos e acessibilidade. O projeto ainda não está totalmente consolidado, porém, já se vislumbra pontos positivos e negativos da intervenção. O PMU não conseguiu, ao longo de sua execução, satisfazer as expectativas da população envolvida, apesar da abundância de recursos financeiros, suporte de profissionais, gerenciamento e planejamento por órgãos de diversas esferas de governo, além do apoio das entidades envolvidas. Diversas razões comprometeram, sobremaneira, seu objetivo, que ser ia a melhoria da qualidade de vida urbana de 60% da população de Belém. Adotou-se a abordagem de avaliação da qualidade de vida, através da construção de um índice capaz de identificar e mensurar os níveis de carência ou de satisfação das necessidades sociais da região, questionando-se quanto ao atendimento das expectativas da população. Este índice foi obtido por indicadores coletados através de entrevistas domiciliares semi-estruturadas em três subáreas do projeto que apresentavam assentamentos informais e no Paraíso dos Pássaros, área construída para abrigar os habitantes remanejados pelo projeto de macrodrenagem, contendo cerca de 2000 famílias. Esta investigação é importante para que se conheçam os reais efeitos das ações e intervenções públicas, como é o caso do PMU, sobre os moradores das áreas atingidas. Espera-se que o índice proposto subsidie decisões técnicas e políticas em matéria de planejamento e gestão urbana para a área de estudo e à definição de prioridades espaciais e setoriais para a intervenção urbana, possibilitando uma distribuição mais eficiente e justa dos recursos públicos, e favorecendo a melhoria sustentada da qualidade de vida urbana. Este trabalho procura contribuir para o estabelecimento de critérios para a tomada de decisão, definição de prioridades de ações e investimentos urbanos e, em especial, à formulação de políticas públicas de combate à exclusão social. / This thesis addresses the investigation about quality of life conditions of population resident in the area affected by Una Basin´s Macrodrainage Project (PMU). This project embraces nine neighborhoods of Belém -PA. It was developed to clean up and to recover flooded areas in the city, generating better life conditions for its inhabitants. This research aims to evaluate the effects of the cited project on inhabitant's life conditions. The methodology adopted incorporates the inhabitant’s vision about the intervention and, also, promotes a comparative analysis among the several areas reached by the project. The research identifies aspects of inhabitants‘ lives such as habitation, infrastructure, public services and accessibility conditions. The project is not completely consolidated yet; however, we already shimmered positive and negative points of the intervention. PMU didn't get to satisfy the expectations of the involved population over its execution, in spite of the abundance of financial resources, professionals' support, management and planning actions from several government spheres, besides the support of the involved entities. Several reasons handicapped the project’s aims of improving the quality of urban life of 60% of Belém`s population. Quality of life assessment was the approach adopted, through the construction of an index capable to identify and mensure the levels of lack or satisfaction of case study areas’ social needs, though the questioning on satisfaction of inhabitant’s expectations. This index was obtained trough indicators collected through semi-structured interviews in three sub areas of the project originated as informal settlements and in the Paraíso dos Pássaros, area built to shelter the inhabitants realocated for the macrodrenagem project, which received 2000 families. This investigation is important to know the real effects of official actions and public interventions, as it is the case of PMU, on inhabitants‘ living conditions of affected areas. It is expected that the proposed index will subsidize technical and political decisions about planning and urban administration for the study area and to define spacial and sectorial priorities for urban intervention, facilitating a more efficient and just public resources distribution, and favoring the sustainable improvement of quality of urban life. This work hopes to help in setting standards for decision-making, regarding to action priorities and urban investments and, specially, to the formulation of public policies to combat social exclusion.

This report examines the ways in which Cesare Pavese and Italo Calvino use images of the foreign woman as other. Specifically, both authors inscribe foreign territories onto the bodies of their female characters in order to confront complex cultural differences. Italy is the site of this gendered inscription in Pavese’s Il carcere, while various real and imagined foreign lands are made female in Calvino’s Se una notte d’inverno un viaggiatore and Le città invisibili. In Pavese’s novella, the satyr-like Concia and the overly maternal Elena are embodiments of Southern and Northern Italy, respectively, and the failure of the protagonist to form a relationship with either woman represents his failure to assimilate into the mezzogiorno and his simultaneous rejection of northern society. In Calvino’s two works, female characters and attributes are consciously used to embody various foreign countries so that the protagonists may grasp the unknown, both physically and psychologically. By linking woman and terrain, Pavese and Calvino attempt to dominate distant lands, which are otherwise enigmatic and incomprehensible, in the typical Orientalist fashion. / text

In Italy, the period directly following World War II was marked by confusion and turbulence as the people struggled to reconstruct both the ideological and physical infrastructure of the nation. While much study has been dedicated to the evolution of femininity and the figure of the woman in this particular period, comparatively little has been written on the refashioning of masculinity in the texts produced in the period between 1940 and 1955. After the fall of the Fascist Regime, Italian masculinity undergoes a drastic transformation as the generation of young men born and raised under the tutelage of Mussolini’s reign attempt to separate themselves from the now-tainted codes of conduct governing male behavior. This report analyzes the renegotiation of Italian masculinity in G. Silvano Spinetti’s non-fictional account Difesa di una generazione (scritti e appunti), Italo Calvino’s Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno, Beppe Fenoglio’s short story “Gli inizi del partigiano Raoul” and Pier Paolo Pasolini’s Ragazzi di vita. These works, written and published in the postwar period, manipulate the vi marginality and privation experienced by the Italian population during the war and postwar period into a liminal state brimming with revolutionary potentiality. The protagonists of these texts (both fictional and non-fictional), isolated from the larger social context and deprived of individual identity, property and privilege, circumvent their polluted patriarchal lines in favor of an alternative ideological patriarchy. While Spinetti, Calvino and Fenoglio’s works advance their liminal narratives as a means of creating an emblematic Italian man capable of rejoining the generative discourse, Pasolini’s text renounces such a progressive view. In Ragazzi di vita, the only possibility for a masculine identity free of Fascism resides in a maintaining a perennial liminality. / text

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This article analyzes the technocracy emergence in social sector, through the study of the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion case, created in 2011 in response to one of the essential themes of Ollanta Humala’s electoral campaign: social inclusion. This paper aims to determine which factors led to the establishment of a technocracy linked to social policy in a country where it has been traditionally linked to political usage and patronage. There are three factors that explain the positioning of a technocracy in this ministry addressed throughout the article. On one hand, there was the presence of a consensus about the need for a technical management of this sector in the search of generating legitimacy and autonomy. On the other hand, it happened to be a favorable political environment characterized by a wide political support from the government. Finally, the wide discretion of the technical team in the design of MIDIS and during formation of the first ministerial body of bureaucrats allowed the emergence of a technocratic institution. To this end, this article describes development of the stages of the creation of the institution, design, approval and implementation and shows a corroboration of the technocratic profile of the initial top management team of this ministry. / El presente artículo analiza el surgimiento de una tecnocracia en un sector social, a través del caso del Ministerio de Desarrollo e Inclusión Social, creado en el 2011 en respuesta a uno de los ejes centrales de la campaña electoral de Ollanta Humala: la inclusión social. Este texto busca determinar qué factores permitieron el establecimiento de una tecnocracia vinculada a la política social en un país donde esta ha estado tradicionalmente vinculada a un manejo político y clientelar. A lo largo del artículo, se abordan tres factores que explican el posicionamiento de una tecnocracia en este ministerio. Por un lado, existió un consenso sobre la necesidad del manejo técnico de este sector en la búsqueda de generar legitimidad y autonomía. Por otro lado, se dio un entorno político favorable caracterizado por un vasto respaldo político del gobierno. Por último, el amplio margen de decisión de los técnicos en el diseño del MIDIS y en la conformación del primer cuerpo ministerial permite el surgimiento de una institución de carácter tecnocrático. Para ello, esta investigación describe el desarrollo de las etapas de creación de esta institución, de diseño, aprobación e implementación, así como presenta una corroboración del perfil tecnocrático del equipo inicial de alta dirección de este ministerio.

La presente tesis posee un enfoque cuantitativo, mientras que su diseño de investigación fue no experimental transversal, cuyo tipo fue exploratorio, descriptivo y correlacional. El problema a resolver fue ¿En qué medida un estudio de productividad influye en la planificación de una obra, enfocado en la mano de obra?, para lo cual se planteó como objetivo principal elaborar un estudio de productividad en obra de un edificio multifamiliar para mejorar la planificación de obra. Para su desarrollo se utilizó la metodología de recolección de datos a través de la observación estructurada, con las herramientas de Carta Balance y Registro de Avance. Del estudio se determinó los factores que perjudican el avance de los trabajadores, que generaban los flujos no contributorios y desgaste de los trenes de actividad, los cuales fueron el inadecuado uso de la mano de obra y distribución del trabajo, así como la falta coordinación y supervisión perenne. This thesis has a quantitative approach, while its research design was not experimental cross, whose type was exploratory, descriptive and correlational. The problem to solve was what extent a productivity study influences the planning of a work focused on labor?, for which he was raised as main objective to develop a study of productivity in a multifamily building work to improve planning work. The data collection methodology used through structured observation for development, tools and Registration Card Balance Forward. Study the factors that hinder the advancement of workers, non-contributory generating flows and wear activity trains, which were the inappropriate use of labor and distribution of work and the lack of coordination was determined and perennial supervision.