The simplified models of synchronous generators, widely used in stability studies of large electric power systems, are not completely suitable for the stability analysis and the design of controllers of distributed synchronous generators, generally connected to typically unbalanced branches. To more accurately analyze the systems with distributed generation, it is necessary to utilize synchronous generator models that consider frequency variation in their electrical equations. Furthermore, this model must represent possible unbalanced three-phase voltages at the generator terminals as well. Nonetheless, to provide reliable responses, the parameters of this more detailed model should be known. Thus, this work assesses the influence of the parameters on the responses of a detailed synchronous generator model, suitable to depict unbalanced operating conditions, and proposes an approach for the estimation of its most important parameters. In the proposed structure, we first employ Trajectory Sensitivity Functions to evaluate the dependency of the responses of this model with respect to its parameters and, from that, we rank them according to their importance. Subsequently, we apply an estimation process that utilizes the Unscented Kalman Filter with the aid of a genetic algorithm to estimate the main parameters of this synchronous generator model under unbalanced operating conditions. To obtain the results and, therefore, assess the proposed estimation approach, we make use of a system which comprises a synchronous generator connected to a three-phase unbalanced load. In addition to the unbalanced operation of the test system, we also consider noises due to the constant load switching, typical of distribution systems. The estimations performed for three operating conditions of the generator were very satisfactory, which demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed approach to obtain adequate models for the description of synchronous generator operation under unbalanced operating conditions. / Os modelos simplificados de geradores síncronos, amplamente utilizados em estudos de estabilidade de grandes sistemas elétricos de potência, não são completamente adequados para a análise de estabilidade e projetos de controladores dos geradores síncronos distribuídos, geralmente conectados a sistemas tipicamente desequilibrados. Para que os sistemas com geração distribuída possam ser analisados mais fidedignamente, é necessária a utilização de um modelo de gerador síncrono que considere a variação de frequência em suas equações elétricas. Além disso, esse modelo também deve ser capaz de representar possíveis tensões trifásicas desequilibradas nos terminais do gerador. Entretanto, para que esse modelo mais detalhado possa fornecer respostas coerentes com a realidade, deve-se conhecer seus parâmetros. Dessa forma, este trabalho avalia a influência dos parâmetros nas respostas de um modelo de gerador síncrono mais detalhado, adequado para representar operações desbalanceadas, e propõe uma abordagem para a estimação de seus parâmetros mais importantes. Nessa estrutura, inicialmente empregam-se as Funções de Sensibilidade de Trajetória para avaliar a dependência das respostas desse modelo em relação aos seus parâmetros e, a partir disso, ordená-los conforme sua importância. Em seguida, aplica-se um processo de estimação que utiliza o Filtro de Kalman Unscented com o auxílio de um algoritmo genético para estimar os principais parâmetros desse modelo de gerador síncrono em condições de desbalanço. Para a obtenção dos resultados e consequente avaliação da abordagem de estimação proposta, utiliza-se um sistema composto por um gerador síncrono conectado a uma carga trifásica desbalanceada. Além da operação desbalanceada desse sistema teste, também são considerados ruídos devidos ao constante chaveamento de cargas, típicos de sistemas de distribuição. As estimações realizadas para três condições de operação do gerador foram bem satisfatórias, indicando a eficiência da abordagem proposta na obtenção de modelos adequados para descrever a operação de geradores síncronos em condições de desbalanço.

No description available.

The vertical structure of the tangential wind field in tropical cyclones is investigated through observations, theory, and numerical simulations. First, a dataset of Doppler radar wind swaths obtained from NOAA/AOML/HRD is used to create azimuthal mean tangential wind fields for 7 storms on 17 different days. Three conventional wisdoms of vertical structure are reexamined: the outward slope of the Radius of Maximum Winds (RMW) decreases with increasing intensity, the slope increases with the size of the RMW, and the RMW is a surface of constant absolute angular momentum (M). The slopes of the RMW and of M surfaces are objectively determined. The slopes are found to increase linearly with the size of the low-level RMW, and to be independent of the intensity of the storm. While the RMW is approximately an M surface, M systematically decreases with height along the RMW. The steady-state analytical theory of Emanuel (1986) is shown to make specific predictions regarding the vertical structure of tropical cyclones. It is found that in this model, the slope of the RMW is a linear function of its size and is independent of intensity, and that the RMW is almost exactly an M surface. A simple time-dependent model which is governed by the same assumptions as the analytical theory yields the same results. Idealized hurricane simulations are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The assumptions of Emanuel's theory, slantwise moist neutrality and thermal wind balance, are both found to be violated. Nevertheless, the vertical structure of the wind field itself is generally well predicted by the theory. The percentage rate at which the winds decay with height is found to be nearly independent of both size and intensity, in agreement with observations and theory. Deviations from this decay profile are shown to be due to gradient wind imbalance. The slope of the RMW increases linearly with its size, but is systematically too large compared to observations. Also in contrast to observations, M generally increases with height along the RMW.

Hydropower research is often perceived to be an old and exhausted field of study but with ageing equipment and the need for more intermittent operation caused by an increased share of other renewable energy sources new challenges lie ahead. The main focus of this dissertation are the electromagnetic forces resulting from nonuniform air gap flux, whether it be caused by rotor eccentricity or a faulty field winding. Results are predominantly obtained from measurements on an experimental generator and numerical simulations. With the computational capacity available today it is possible to numerically analyse physical phenomena that previously could only be studied with analytical tools. Numerical models can also be expanded to encompass more than one aspect of generator operation in coupled field-circuit models without model complexity surpassing computer capability. Three studies of unbalanced magnetic pull, UMP, in synchronous salient pole generators constitute the main part of this thesis. The first is a study of how parallel stator circuits affect the unbalanced magnetic pull caused by rotor eccentricity. Depending on the relationship between the geometry of the separate circuits and the direction of the eccentricity it was found that parallel circuits could reduce the UMP substantially. Secondly, an investigation of the effect of damper winding configuration on UMP was performed. The results showed that damper winding resistivity and the distance between the damper bars in a pole determine the effectiveness of the damper winding in reducing the UMP. Simulations of a production machine indicate that the reduction can be substantial from damper windings with low resistivity. The third study analyses the consequences of field winding interturn short circuits. Apart from a resulting rotating unbalanced magnetic pull it is found that the unaffected poles with the same polarity as the affected pole experience an increase in flux density. In a fourth article a new stand still frequency response, SSFR, test method including measurements of damper winding voltage and current is presented. It is found that the identified models are capable of predicting the stator to damper transfer function both with and without the damper winding measurements included.

Les documents publiés par des entreprises, tels les communiqués de presse, contiennent une foule d’informations sur diverses activités des entreprises. C’est une source précieuse pour des analyses en intelligence d’affaire. Cependant, il est nécessaire de développer des outils pour permettre d’exploiter cette source automatiquement, étant donné son grand volume. Ce mémoire décrit un travail qui s’inscrit dans un volet d’intelligence d’affaire, à savoir la détection de relations d’affaire entre les entreprises décrites dans des communiqués de presse. Dans ce mémoire, nous proposons une approche basée sur la classification. Les méthodes de classifications existantes ne nous permettent pas d’obtenir une performance satisfaisante. Ceci est notamment dû à deux problèmes : la représentation du texte par tous les mots, qui n’aide pas nécessairement à spécifier une relation d’affaire, et le déséquilibre entre les classes. Pour traiter le premier problème, nous proposons une approche de représentation basée sur des mots pivots c’est-à-dire les noms d’entreprises concernées, afin de mieux cerner des mots susceptibles de les décrire. Pour le deuxième problème, nous proposons une classification à deux étapes. Cette méthode s’avère plus appropriée que les méthodes traditionnelles de ré-échantillonnage. Nous avons testé nos approches sur une collection de communiqués de presse dans le domaine automobile. Nos expérimentations montrent que les approches proposées peuvent améliorer la performance de classification. Notamment, la représentation du document basée sur les mots pivots nous permet de mieux centrer sur les mots utiles pour la détection de relations d’affaire. La classification en deux étapes apporte une solution efficace au problème de déséquilibre entre les classes. Ce travail montre que la détection automatique des relations d’affaire est une tâche faisable. Le résultat de cette détection pourrait être utilisé dans une analyse d’intelligence d’affaire. / Documents published by companies such as press releases, contain a wealth of information on various business activities. This is a valuable source for business intelligence analysis; but automatic tools are needed to exploit such large volume data. The work described in this thesis is part of a research project on business intelligence, namely we aim at the detection of business relationships between companies described in press releases. In this thesis, we consider business relation detection as a problem of classification. However, the existing classification methods do not allow us to obtain a satisfactory performance. This is mainly due to two problems: the representation of text using all the content words, which do not necessarily a business relationship; and the imbalance between classes. To address the first problem, we propose representations based on words that are between or close to the names of companies involved (which we call pivot words) in order to focus on words having a higher chance to describe a relation. For the second problem, we propose a two-stage classification. This method is more effective than the traditional resampling methods. We tested our approach on a collection of press releases in the automotive industry. Our experiments show that both proposed approaches can improve the classification performance. They perform much better than the traditional feature selection methods and the resampling method. This work shows the feasibility of automatic detection of business relations. The result of this detection could be used in an analysis of business intelligence.

Dans la plupart des activités quotidiennes, l’Homme a tendance à utiliser des connaissances imparfaites. L’imperfection se rapporte à trois volets : l’imprécision, l’incertitude et l’incomplétude. Nous thèse concerne les connaissances imprécises. En particulier, nous nous intéressons au traitement qualitatif de l’information imprécise dans les systèmes à base de connaissances. Diverses approches ont été proposées pour traiter les connaissances imprécises, en particulier, la logique floue et la logique multivalente. Les théories des ensembles flous et des multi-ensembles sont un moyen très approprié pour la représentation et la modélisation de l’imprécision.Notre travail s’inscrit dans le contexte de la logique multivalente. Celle-ci permet de représenter symboliquement des connaissances imprécises en utilisant des expressions adverbiales ordonnées du langage naturel. L’utilisation de ces degrés symboliques est plus compréhensible par les experts. Ce type de représentation de données est indépendant du type de leurs domaines de discours. Ainsi, la manipulation des connaissances abstraites ou faisant référence à des échelles numériques se fait de la même manière.Dans la littérature, le traitement de l’information imprécise repose sur une hypothèse implicite de la répartition uniforme des degrés de vérité sur une échelle de 0 à 1. Néanmoins, dans certains cas, un sous-domaine de cette échelle peut être plus informatif et peut inclure plus de termes. Dans ce cas, l’information est définie par des termes déséquilibrés, c’est-à-dire qui ne sont pas uniformément répartis et/ou symétriques par rapport à un terme milieu. Par exemple, pour l’évaluation des apprenants, il est possible de considérer un seul terme négatif F correspondant à l’échec. Quant à la réussite, elle est décrite par plusieurs valeurs de mention, i.e. D, C, B et A. Ainsi, si le terme D est le seuil de la réussite, il est considéré comme le terme milieu avec un seul terme à sa gauche et trois à sa droite. Il s’agit alors d’un ensemble non uniforme.Dans ce travail, nous nous concentrons sur l'extension de la logique multivalente au cas des ensembles non uniformes. En s'appuyant sur notre étude de l'art, nous proposons de nouvelles approches pour représenter et traiter ces ensembles de termes. Tout d'abord, nous introduisons des algorithmes qui permettent de représenter des termes non uniformes à l'aide de termes uniformes et inversement. Ensuite, nous décrivons une méthode pour utiliser des modificateurs linguistiques initialement définis pour les termes uniformes avec des ensembles de termes non uniformes. Par la suite, nous présentons une approche de raisonnement basée sur le modèle du Modus Ponens Généralisé à l'aide des Modificateurs Symboliques Généralisés. Les modèles proposés sont mis en œuvre dans un nouveau système de décision fondé sur des règles pour la reconnaissance de l'odeur de camphre. Nous développons également un outil pour le diagnostic de l'autisme infantile. Les degrés de sévérité de l'atteinte par ce trouble autistique sont représentés par l'échelle d'évaluation de l'autisme infantile (CARS). Il s'agit d'une échelle non uniforme. / In most daily activities, humans use imprecise information derived from appreciation instead of exact measurements to make decisions. Various approaches were proposed to deal with imperfect knowledge, in particular, fuzzy logic and multi-valued logic. In this work, we treat the particular case of imprecise knowledge.Taking into account imprecise knowledge by computer systems is based on their representation by means of linguistic variables. Their values form a set of words expressing the different nuances of the treated information. For example, to judge the beauty of the Mona Lisa or the smell of a flower, it is not possible to give an exact value but an appreciation is given by a term like "beautiful" or "floral".In the literature, dealing with imprecise information relies on an implicit assumption: the distribution of terms is uniform on a scale ranging from 0 to 1. Nevertheless, in some cases, a sub-domain of this scale may be more informative and may include more terms. In this case, knowledge are represented by means of an unbalanced terms set, that is, not uniformly nor symmetrically distributed.We have noticed, in the literature, that in the context of fuzzy logic many researchers have dealt with these term sets. However, it is not the case for multi-valued logic. Thereby, in our work, we aim to establish a methodology to represent and manage this kind of data in the context of multi-valued logic. Two aspects are treated. The first one concerns the representation of terms within an unbalanced multi-set. The second deals with the treatment of such kind of imprecise knowledge, i.e. with symbolic modifiers and in reasoning process.In this work, we focus on unbalanced sets in the context of multi-valued logic. Basing on our study of art, we propose new approaches to represent and treat such term sets. First of all, we introduce algorithms that allow representing unbalanced terms within uniform ones and the inverse way. Then, we describe a method to use linguistic modifiers within unbalanced multi-sets. Afterward, we present a reasoning approach based on the Generalized Modus Ponens model using Generalized Symbolic Modifiers. The proposed models are implemented in a novel rule-based decision system for the camphor odor recognition within unbalanced multi-set. We also develop a tool for child autism diagnosis by means of unbalanced severity degrees of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Resumo: O problema de alocação ótima de banco de capacitores em sistema de distribuição radiais consiste em definir as barras onde devem ser alocados os bancos de capacitores, além de determinar os tipos, potência nominal e em quais fases eles devem ser alocados, atendendo a restrições físicas e operacionais das redes elétricas, juntamente com os padrões da qualidade de fornecimento normatizados pelas agências reguladoras do setor. Também deve-se definir o esquema de controle, ou seja, quando os bancos capacitivos variáveis devem operar em diferentes níveis de carregamentos. A alocação de bancos de capacitores em sistemas de distribuição é um problema de programação não-linear inteiro misto, não convexo, de difícil solução através de técnicas clássicas de otimização, pela sua natureza combinatória, devido o aumento no número de variáveis inteiras envolvidas na solução de problemas de médio e grande porte. Neste trabalho, propõe-se para a sua solução a meta-heurística de Evolução Diferencial (ED), que deve fornecer a localização e dimensionamento dos bancos de capacitores fixos e chaveados ao longo dos alimentadores primários, em sistemas de distribuição radiais trifásicos e desbalanceados. A alocação deve atender aos critérios de mínimo custo de investimento e operação do sistema, dados pela soma do custo de aquisição, instalação e manutenção dos bancos de capacitores, mais o custo de perdas ativas no sistema além de melhorar o fator de potência. São apresentados neste trabalho, resu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The optimal allocation problem of capacitor bank in radial distribution systems is to define the bus where the capacitor banks must be allocated, furthermore determine the types, nominal power and which phase they must be allocated as they attended the physical and the operational constraints of power systems in conjunction with the supplier quality standards normalized by the sector regulatory agencies. Moreover, you must define the check schema, in the words, when the variable capacitor banks must operate at different load levels. The allocation of capacitor banks in distribution systems it's a not convex mixed integer nonlinear programming problem with a difficult solution through classical optimization techniques due to the increase of integer variables involved in the solution of large and medium-size problems. This works proposes for the solution, a metaheuristic based on Differential Evolution (DE) which provide the location and the sizing of fixed capacitor banks, switched over the primary feeders in unbalanced three-phase radial distribution systems, with the aim of minimizing the total investment and the system operation cost, given by sum of acquisition cost, installation and maintenance of capacitor banks, plus the cost of active losses in the system and to im-prove the power factor. Results for a 135-bus unbalanced three-phase system are presented. / Mestre

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T10:15:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marciodecarvalhofilho.pdf: 1308253 bytes, checksum: ce4bec8646b462983e485a5bcad4f5c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T11:53:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marciodecarvalhofilho.pdf: 1308253 bytes, checksum: ce4bec8646b462983e485a5bcad4f5c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T11:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marciodecarvalhofilho.pdf: 1308253 bytes, checksum: ce4bec8646b462983e485a5bcad4f5c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta para análise de falhas, sendo os modelos de diversos equipamentos do sistema elétrico considerados de forma detalhada, permitindo a análise multifásica do sistema, representando-o da maneira mais generalizada e realista possível. A metodologia desenvolvida para análise de falhas baseia-se no método de injeção de correntes a n condutores em coordenadas retangulares, onde utiliza-se o método de Newton-Raphson no processo de solução e todas as grandezas são definidas diretamente em coordenadas de fase. A modelagem de todo o sistema elétrico é realizada baseando-se em elementos que compõem as estruturas dos equipamentos em seus modelos, sendo que estes elementos podem estar conectados das mais diversas maneiras. As próprias condições de curto-circuito são modeladas por meio de elementos, conectados em diferentes configurações. Também a inclusão dos controles é feita de forma otimizada. Com a modelagem considerada, o sistema a ser solucionado é o estritamente necessário, e, portanto, a metodologia apresenta-se bastante eficiente. A metodologia também se mostra bastante flexível, pois é capaz de representar equipamentos com qualquer número de condutores nas mais diversas configurações, permitindo representar desequilíbrios, acoplamentos mútuos, sistemas de aterramento e cabos neutros explicitamente, e permitindo modelar diversos tipos de falhas, dentre outras características. Desta forma, a metodologia possibilita análises bastante completas, sendo que a representação do sistema pode ser feita com o nível de detalhe que for possível e desejável em cada situação. A ferramenta desenvolvida é bastante abrangente sendo capaz de simular sistemas equilibrados ou desequilibrados, radiais ou reticulados, diversos tipos de falhas (como curtos-circuitos em derivação, interno e simultâneo, ou abertura série), podendo ser aplicada em sistemas de transmissão, subtransmissão, distribuição, e industriais, inclusive de grande porte. / In this work a tool for fault analysis was developed, and models of many electrical systems equipment were considered in detail, allowing the analysis of multiphase systems by representing it in a more general and realistic way possible. The methodology developed for fault analysis is based on the current injection method in rectangular coordinates, where the Newton-Raphson method is used in the solution process and all quantities are defined directly in phase coordinates. The modeling of the entire electrical system is made based on elements which assemble the structures of equipment in their models, and these elements can be connected in various ways. Even the short circuit conditions are modeled by elements connected in different configurations. Also the inclusion of controls is done optimally. With the considered modeling the system to be solved is the strictly necessary, and therefore, the method shows to be efficient. The methodology is also very flexible because it is able to represent equipments with any number of conductors in many different configurations, allowing the representation of imbalances, mutual couplings, groundings and neutral cables explicitly, and allowing to model various types of faults, among other features. Therefore, the methodology allows fairly complete analysis, and the representation of the system can be made with the level of detail that is possible and desirable in every situation. The tool developed is quite ample being able to simulate balanced or unbalanced, radial or meshed systems, various types of failures (such as shunt short circuits, internal faults, simultaneous fault, and series opening), it can be applied to the transmission, subtransmission, distribution and industrial systems, including large scale systems.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T11:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-05T14:38:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T14:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um fluxo de potência continuado para análise de sistemas desequilibrados, denominado Fluxo de Potência Continuado a Quatro Condutores (FPCQ). A ferramenta proposta possibilita a representação explícita de cabos neutros e aterramentos, a representação de desequilíbrios tanto em cargas como em outros componentes das redes, de tal forma que a operação desbalanceada pode ser simulada. A metodologia proposta é aplicada em sistemas elétricos de distribuição e análises são realizadas. A metodologia proposta utiliza como base a estrutura do Método de Injeção de Correntes a Quatro Condutores, aproveitando algumas de suas características. Para o processo de continuação foi definida e implementada uma única etapa de execução, utilizando-se equações adicionais para considerar o incremento do carregamento ou a tensão como parâmetros de continuação. As equações de alguns equipamentos foram redefinidas a fim de ser possível a consideração do incremento do carregamento do sistema como variável. A ferramenta desenvolvida permite analisar diversas configurações de sistemas, sejam equilibrados ou desequilibrados, representação de ramais monofásicos e/ou bifásicos e diversas combinações de cargas, bem como a consideração explícita de cabos neutros e aterramentos. O FPCQ permite verificar questões de estabilidade estática de tensão em sistemas trifásicos a partir dos resultados de curvas de perfil de tensão em função carregamento e da determinação do ponto de colapso ou da margem de carregamento do sistema. Permite verificar os efeitos dos desequilíbrios dos sistemas e os impactos de sua representação detalhada nos resultados do fluxo de potência continuado. Como exemplo, a influência do aumento de carga nas tensões de neutro pode ser analisada. Os resultados obtidos pela metodologia proposta com representação trifásica e com representação apenas de sequência positiva foram comparados, com o objetivo de mostrar a importância de representar os sistemas com modelos mais precisos. Espera-se que a ferramenta desenvolvida permita realizar análises mais completas, especialmente em sistemas de distribuição, aumentando a qualidade dos resultados. / This work proposes the development of a continuation power flow technique (FPCQ) for unbalanced distribution systems. The proposed tool allows the explicit representation of the neutral cables and grounding, the representation of imbalances for both the loads and the network components in such a way that unbalanced operation can be simulated. The application of the present methodology in electrical distribution systems is carried out and analyzed. The proposed methodology is based on the structure of the Four Conductors Current Injection Method, taking advantage of some of its features. For the continuation power flow process, a single stage off implementation was defined and implemented, using additional equations to consider either the load increase or the voltage as a continuation parameter. Some equipment models were redefined to consider the load increase as a state variable. The proposed tool is able to analyze systems having single-phase, double-phase or three-phase lines, to represent the existing connections of balanced or unbalanced loads as well as its neutral and ground connections. The FPCQ allows checking static voltage stability considering the three-phase models adopted from the curves of voltages as a function of the load. The impacts of the detailed representation in the continuation power flow technique can now be analyzed. As an example, the influence of the load increase on the neutral voltages was possible to be analyzed. The results using the proposed methodology were compared to the ones obtained using the positive sequence approach in order to show the importance of representing the power systems using more accurate models. It is expected that the proposed tool will be useful one to perform simulations in distribution systems improving the quality of the results.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T16:35:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloladeiramarques.pdf: 721811 bytes, checksum: 747d74835ffaa88383924f9f6783667b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T13:52:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloladeiramarques.pdf: 721811 bytes, checksum: 747d74835ffaa88383924f9f6783667b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T13:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloladeiramarques.pdf: 721811 bytes, checksum: 747d74835ffaa88383924f9f6783667b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / O presente trabalho tem como proposta o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem capaz de melhorar os resultados obtidos por algoritmos de classificação quando aplicados em bases desbalanceadas. O método, denominado Algoritmo de Balanceamento Sintético In-cremental (Incremental Synthetic Balancing Algorithm – ISBA), realiza um procedimento iterativo baseado em classificadores de larga margem, visando gerar amostras sintéticas com o intuito de reduzir o nível de desbalanceamento. No processo são utilizados vetores suporte como referência para a geração das novas instâncias, permitindo posicioná-las em regiões com uma maior representatividade. Além disso, a estratégia permite que as novas amostras ultrapassem os limites das amostras utilizadas como referência para sua geração, o que possibilita uma extrapolação dos limites da classe minoritária, objetivando, assim, alcançar um maior reconhecimento dessa classe de interesse. São apresentados experimentos comparativos com demais técnicas, entre elas o Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), os quais fornecem fortes evidências da aplicabilidade da abordagem proposta. / In this work we propose the development of an approach capable of improving the results obtained by classification algorithms when applied to unbalanced datasets. The method, called Incremental Synthetic Balancing Algorithm (ISBA), performs an iterative procedure based on large margin classifiers, aiming to generate synthetic samples in order to reduce the level of unbalance. In the process, we use the support vectors as reference for the generation of new instances, allowing them to be positioned in regions with greater representativeness. Furthermore, the strategy allows the new samples to exceed the limits of the samples used as reference for their generation, which allows an extrapolation of the limits of the minority class, in order to achieve greater recognition of this class of interest. We present comparative experiments with other techniques, among them the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), which provide strong evidence of the applicability of the proposed approach.