<p>This thesis develops a formalism of function tables, inspired by the work of D. Parnas. It adapts that formalism so as to apply to topological partial algebras, involving continuous partial functions on the reals. In particular, it studies semantics-preserving transformations between two classes of tables: normal and inverted. This leads to a 3-valued logic different from that used by Wei Lei (2007) who investigated the application of function tables to "error algebras".</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

This dissertation examines the discursive terms upon which people come to understand their experiences with a yeast-related disorder known speculatively within biomedical practice as Candida. Following the critical interrogations posed by feminist and poststructural theorizings, I aim not to prove or disprove Candidas etiological case. My aim, rather, is to question what can be learned about the social workings of undefined illness through attending to how people talk about their experiences with Candida. I am concerned both with peoples experiences of Candida, and in how these illness experiences come to be structured in and through the wider discursive framings of biomedicine, gender and dietary discipline. As Candida continues to emerge as unintelligibleand thus disorientingform of illness, the urgency lies, I argue, not only in representing these often nebulous illness experiences, but also in questioning how these illness experiences come to be shaped.

An airfoil shape optimization problem with conflicting objectives is handled using two different multi-objective approaches. These are an a priori scalarization approach where the conflicting objectives are assigned weights and summed together to form a single objective, and the Pareto-optimal multi-objective approach. The optimization formulations for both approaches contain challenging numerical characteristics which include noise, multi-modality and undefined regions. Gradient-, surrogate- and population-based single objective optimization methods are applied to the `a priori' formulations. The gradient methods are modified to improve their performance on noisy problems as well as to handle undefined regions in the design space. The modifications are successful but the modified methods are outperformed by the surrogate methods and population based methods. Population-based techniques are used for the Pareto-optimal multi-objective approach. Two established optimization algorithms and two custom algorithms are implemented. The custom algorithms use fitted unrotated hyper ellipses and linear aggregating functions to search the design space for non-dominated designs. Various multi-objective formulations are posed to investigate different aspects of the airfoil design problem. The non-dominated designs found by the Pareto-optimal multi-objective optimization algorithms are then presented. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

<p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1998, härtill 8 delarbeten.</p> / digitalisering@umu

Pretendo com essa pesquisa discutir sobre a intervenção psicanalítica junto a crianças com psicose não decidida. Trabalho levando em conta a singularidade da linguagem de uma criança com funcionamento psicótico, onde não há um eixo centralizador permanente do discurso. Neste caso a fala está à deriva, sem uma direção fálica. Procurarei demonstrar as peculiaridades de tal funcionamento, apresentando certos momentos cruciais da direção da cura dessa criança, como a construção de imagens e a construção de histórias que, de alguma forma, propiciam a unificação do sujeito, organizando-o, dando norte à sua deriva. / With this research, we intend to discuss psychoanalytic intervention for children with undefined psychosis. Our work will take into account the singularity of language of one child with psychotic functioning, where there is not one permanent, centralizer axle of speech. In this case the speech is derived without direction. We will seek to demonstrate the peculiarities of such functioning, presenting certain crucial moments in the curing of this child, such as the construction of images and stories that, in some way, propitiate the unification of the subject by organizing it and pointing to its underlying causes.

Pretendo com essa pesquisa discutir sobre a intervenção psicanalítica junto a crianças com psicose não decidida. Trabalho levando em conta a singularidade da linguagem de uma criança com funcionamento psicótico, onde não há um eixo centralizador permanente do discurso. Neste caso a fala está à deriva, sem uma direção fálica. Procurarei demonstrar as peculiaridades de tal funcionamento, apresentando certos momentos cruciais da direção da cura dessa criança, como a construção de imagens e a construção de histórias que, de alguma forma, propiciam a unificação do sujeito, organizando-o, dando norte à sua deriva. / With this research, we intend to discuss psychoanalytic intervention for children with undefined psychosis. Our work will take into account the singularity of language of one child with psychotic functioning, where there is not one permanent, centralizer axle of speech. In this case the speech is derived without direction. We will seek to demonstrate the peculiarities of such functioning, presenting certain crucial moments in the curing of this child, such as the construction of images and stories that, in some way, propitiate the unification of the subject by organizing it and pointing to its underlying causes.

Pretendo com essa pesquisa discutir sobre a intervenção psicanalítica junto a crianças com psicose não decidida. Trabalho levando em conta a singularidade da linguagem de uma criança com funcionamento psicótico, onde não há um eixo centralizador permanente do discurso. Neste caso a fala está à deriva, sem uma direção fálica. Procurarei demonstrar as peculiaridades de tal funcionamento, apresentando certos momentos cruciais da direção da cura dessa criança, como a construção de imagens e a construção de histórias que, de alguma forma, propiciam a unificação do sujeito, organizando-o, dando norte à sua deriva. / With this research, we intend to discuss psychoanalytic intervention for children with undefined psychosis. Our work will take into account the singularity of language of one child with psychotic functioning, where there is not one permanent, centralizer axle of speech. In this case the speech is derived without direction. We will seek to demonstrate the peculiarities of such functioning, presenting certain crucial moments in the curing of this child, such as the construction of images and stories that, in some way, propitiate the unification of the subject by organizing it and pointing to its underlying causes.

The earth’s resources are limited; with the speed that humanity are using earth’s resources today, we would need 1.5 times of the earth’s regenerative capacity to compensate for what we use. Raw materials has since a long time ago been mined from the bedrock, which affects the earth in a negative way. If we could use materials and products that are circulating in our society, but are not being used and thereby considered as waste, traditional mining could be replaced with urban mining. Imagine what would happen if earth’s resources would be limited by laws and regulations in the future; mining as it is known today would not be allowed and there would be a need of resources that is gathered in another way, an unknown way. The world is constantly changing and this results in the fact that there will always be unexplored areas that needs to be defined and developed to be able to handle the changes in the future. Considering the fact that urban mining is such an unexplored field, there is a need of creating a process to define the segment in order to develop product/services within it. The outcome of this thesis is therefore recommendations for how a generic design process can be tailored and implemented for innovation development in undefined areas. The result is reached through investigating a development project, which focuses in the research area urban mining, as a case study and also by studying design processes in theory. The investigation is conducted with an explorative approach by observing the field and sub-fields of urban mining. This thesis shows that drivers and trends for urban mining exist, and that there is a future need to capitalize this market. The result also shows that the most important characteristics of the design process when designing for the unknown, is the fact that defining the research area requires even more effort when dealing with an initially unknown field, compared with known research areas. / Jordens resurser är begränsade; med den hastighet som mänskligheten använder jordens resurser idag, skulle vi behöva 1,5 gånger jordens återhämtningsförmåga för att kompensera för det vi använder. Råmaterial har sedan länge brutits från berggrunden, vilket påverkar jorden på ett negativt sätt. Om vi istället skulle kunna använda material och produkter som cirkulerar i vårt samhälle, men inte används och därmed betraktas som avfall, skulle traditionell materialutvinning kunna ersättas med urban mining. Tänk vad som skulle hända om jordens resurser i framtiden begränsas genom lagar och regler; materialutvinning som det är känt idag inte skulle tillåtas och det då skulle finnas ett behov att samla resurser på ett annat sätt, ett idag okänt sätt. Världen förändras ständigt vilket resulterar i det faktum att det alltid kommer att finnas outforskade områden som måste definieras och utvecklas för att kunna hantera dessa förändringar i framtiden. Urban mining är ett sådant outforskat område och därför finns det ett behov av att skapa en process för att definiera segmentet och på så vis kunna utveckla produkter och tjänster inom området. Resultatet av denna uppsats är därför rekommendationer för hur en allmän design process kan skräddarsys och implementeras för innovativ utveckling i odefinierade områden. Resultatet uppnås genom att analysera ett utvecklingsprojekt, som fokuserar på forskningsområdet urban mining, som en fallstudie, samt att studera designprocesser i teorin. Undersökningen genomförs med ett explorativt tillvägagångssätt genom att utföra observationer inom ämnet urban mining. Arbetet visar att drivfaktorer och trender för urban mining existerar och att det finns ett framtida behov att utforska och dra fördel av denna marknad. Resultatet visar också att de viktigaste egenskaperna hos design processen vid utveckling inom okända områden är det faktum att forskningsområdet kräver ännu större fokus på att definiera området, jämfört med kända forskningsområden.

Cette thèse présente une extension du compilateur CompCert permettant de fournir des garanties formelles de préservation sémantique à des programmes auxquels CompCert n'en donne pas. CompCert est un compilateur pour le langage C vers différentes architectures qui fournit, en plus d'un exécutable compilé, des garanties formelles concernant le comportement du programme assembleur généré. En particulier, tout programme C ayant une sémantique définie selon le standard C est compilé en un programme assembleur équivalent, c'est-à-dire qui a la même sémantique. En revanche, ce théorème n'assure aucune garantie lorsque le programme source n'a pas de sémantique définie : on parle en C de comportement indéfini. Toutefois, des programmes C issus de réels projets largement utilisés contiennent des comportements indéfinis. Cette thèse détaille dans un premier temps un certain nombre d'exemples de programmes C qui déclenchent des comportements indéfinis. Nous argumentons que ces programmes devraient tout de même bénéficier du théorème de préservation sémantique de CompCert, d'abord parce qu'ils apparaissent dans de vrais projets et parce que leur utilisation des comportements indéfinis semble légitime. Dans ce but, nous proposons d'abord un modèle mémoire pour CompCert qui définit l'arithmétique arbitraire de pointeurs et la manipulation de données non initialisées, à l'aide d'un formalisme de valeurs symboliques qui capturent la sémantique d'opérations non définies dans le standard. Nous adaptons l'intégralité du modèle mémoire de CompCert avec ces valeurs symboliques, puis nous adaptons les sémantiques formelles de chacun des langages intermédiaires de CompCert. Nous montrons que ces sémantiques symboliques sont un raffinement des sémantiques existantes dans CompCert, et nous montrons par ailleurs que ces sémantiques capturent effectivement le comportement des programmes sus-cités. Enfin, afin d'obtenir des garanties similaires à celles que CompCert fournit, nous devons adapter les preuves de préservation sémantique à notre nouveau modèle. Pour ce faire, nous généralisons d'importantes techniques de preuves comme les injections mémoire, ce qui nous permet de transporter les preuves de CompCert sur nos nouvelles sémantiques. Nous obtenons ainsi un théorème de préservation sémantique qui traite plus de programmes C. / This thesis presents an extension of the CompCert compiler that aims at providing formal guarantees about the compilation of more programs than CompCert does. The CompCert compiler compiles C code into assembly code for various architectures and provides formal guarantees about the behaviour of the compiled assembly program. It states that whenever the C program has a defined semantics, the generated assembly program behaves similarly. However, the theorem does not provide any guarantee when the source program has undefined semantics, or, in C parlance, when it exhibits undefined behaviour, even though those behaviours actually happen in real-world code. This thesis exhibits a number of C idioms, that occur in real-life code and whose behaviour is undefined according to the C standard. Because they happen in real programs, our goal is to enhance the CompCert verified compiler so that it also provides formal guarantees for those programs. To that end, we propose a memory model for CompCert that makes pointer arithmetic and uninitialised data manipulation defined, introducing a notion of symbolic values that capture the meaning of otherwise undefined idioms. We adapt the whole memory model of CompCert with this new formalism and adapt the semantics of all the intermediate languages. We prove that our enhanced semantics subsumes that of CompCert. Moreover, we show that these symbolic semantics capture the behaviour of the previously undefined C idioms. The proof of semantic preservation from CompCert needs to be reworked to cope with our model. We therefore generalize important proof techniques such as memory injections, which enable us to port the whole proof of CompCert to our new memory model, therefore providing formal guarantees for more programs.