The dissertation gives a rigorous study of surface waves on water of finite depth subjected to gravitational force. As for `water', it is an inviscid and incompressible fluid of constant density and the flow is irrotational. The fluid is bounded above by a free surface separating the fluid from the air above (assumed to be a vacuum) and below by a rigid flat bottom. Then, the governing equations for the motion of the fluid flow are called Euler equations. If the initial fluid flow is prescribed at time zero, i.e., mathematically the initial condition for the Euler equations is given, the long-time existence of a unique solution for the Euler equations is still an open problem, even if the initial condition is small (or initial flow is almost motionless). The dissertation tries to make some progress for proving the long-time existence and show that the time interval of the existence is exponentially long, called almost global well-posedness, if the initial condition is small and satisfies some conditions. The main ideas for the study are from the corresponding almost global well-posedness result for surface waves on water of infinite depth. / Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation concerns the mathematical study of surface waves on water of finite depth under gravitational force. Mathematically, water is considered as a fluid of constant density that has no viscosity and is incompressible. It is also assumed that any portion of the corresponding fluid flow is not rotating. Furthermore, the water is bounded above by a free surface separating the water from the air above and below by a rigid horizontal flat bottom. A natural question to ask is whether the water surface will keep smooth and will not break as time progresses, if a small disturbance on the flat free surface and the tranquil water-body is initially created. The dissertation tries to make some progress on this question by showing that under some mathematical and technical assumptions, the water surface remains smooth and will not break for a very long time by using the mathematical equations derived from the laws of physics.

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Rapporten undersöker hur de unika egenskaperna på småhusfastigheter värderas när det är svårt att hitta likartade jämförelseobjekt på samma delmarknad. Det som skiljer det här arbetet från andra arbeten är att det diskuteras kring hur fastighetsvärderaren sätter ett värde på de unika detaljerna i marknadsvärdesbedömningen. För att samla in data till arbetet har det använts en kvalitativ metod som avser att klargöra hur undersökningarna går till för att uppfylla syftet.  Det finns några olika värderingsmetoder som enligt teorin används som grund av alla värderare, i olika sammanhang för att uppskatta marknadsvärde. En stor skillnad mellan teorin och praktiken som framkommer är att värderarens erfarenhet och känsla för värdebärande faktorer verkar ha en stor del i bedömningen, vilket kan vara positivt och ge ett bättre marknadsvärde men samtidigt kan vara negativt eftersom det inte är så sakligt. Vissa unika egenskaper kan värderas med produktionskostnadsmetoden och regressionsanalyser under vissa förutsättningar, för att ta fram värde på de unika egenskaperna. Om bedömningsprocessen inte är korrekt eller om värderaren har ont om tid kan det leda till mindre trovärdiga bedömningar och i slutändan en lägre trovärdighet för branschen, detta kan tänkas bli än värre om argumenten i värdeutlåtandet uppfattas som svaga. Det empiriska materialet har erhållits genom fem intervjuer för att kunna koppla teorin till verkligheten. De fem respondenterna diskuterade kring värdering av unika egenskaper från flera olika perspektiv, det konstaterades då att det finns vissa skillnader men också stora likheter i de olika arbetssätt som de tillämpar. Arbetet visar också att det finns en hel del skillnader mellan fastighetsvärdering i teorin och praktiken, konsekvenserna av detta är ett intressant område att forska vidare på. / This thesis will examine how unique characteristics of properties are being valued when it is difficult to find proper comparison objects on the same submarket. What differs this study from studies being already made is primarily the focus on unique characteristics in market value estimation. To collect data for this work, a qualitative method has been used. The method intends to clarify how the work should be executed to fulfill the purpose.  There are theoretically a couple of valuation methods used as a base by all appraisers, in different situations to estimate market value of properties. A big difference between theory and practice that is shown is that the appraiser’s experience and sense för value-bearing factors seem to have a large part in the assessment. This can be positive and provide a more precise market value, but it is also negative since it lacks factual base. Production cost method and regression analysis can be used to estimate the increase of value for unique characteristics under certain specific conditions.  If the assignments process is not correct or if the appraiser does not have a lot of time. This can lead to less reliable assessments and ultimately a lower credibility for the industry, especially if the arguments in the value statement are perceived as weak. The empiric material was collected through five interviews, to be able to establish a connection between theory and reality. The five respondents were discussing valuations of unique characteristics from several different perspectives, and it was found that there were some differences between the appraisers and how they work, but also many important similarities in the workflow and the methods being applied. This work will show that there are actually a number of differences between valuation in theory and in practice. The consequences of that are discussed a little bit but would be an interesting area for further studies.

The hospitality industry has focused on increasing customer satisfaction by offering services that are generally described as flawless, courteous, and friendly. Dick's Last Resort restaurants, however, are distinguished by intentionally staged erroneous, obnoxious, and rude services that nevertheless provide a unique experience for customers. This unconventional service theme might work for some customers but not for others. This study focuses on exploring the factors that lead to customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction at Dick's Last Resort restaurants. In addition, customer satisfaction levels are examined according to gender and location. Using the modified critical incident technique, 518 online reviews were analyzed through a categorization process. The results of this study suggested that "overall theme experience" and "employee performance" are the most important factors in determining customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. However, the findings suggest that there is no satisfaction rate difference by customers' gender and restaurant's location. The study's limitations and managerial implications for future research are discussed.

<p> In this thesis, we present a novel signalling scheme for blind channel identification of Alamouti space-time coded (STBC) channel and a space-time coded multiple-input single-output (MISO) system under flat fading environment. By using p-ary and q-ary PSK signals (where p and q are co-prime integers), we prove that a) under a noise-free environment, only two distinct pairs of symbols are needed to uniquely decode the signal and identify the channel, and b) under complex Gaussian noise, if the pth and qth order statistics of the received signals are available, the channel coefficients can also be uniquely determined. In both cases, simple closed-form solutions are derived by exploiting specific properties of the Alamouti STBC code and linear Diophantine equation theory.</p> <p> When only a limited number of received data are available, under Gaussian noise environment, we suggest the use of the semi-definite relaxation method and/or the sphere decoding method to implement blind ML detection so that the joint estimation of the channel and the transmitted symbols can be efficiently facilitated. Simulation results show that blind ML detection methods with our signalling scheme provide superior normalized mean square error in channel estimation compared to the method using only one constellation and that the average symbol error rate is close to that of the coherent detector (which necessitates perfect channel knowledge at the receiver), particularly when the SNR is high.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

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Objective Human white adipose tissue (AT) is a metabolically active organ with distinct depot- specific functions. Despite their locations close to the gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric AT and epiploic AT (epiAT) have only scarcely been investigated. Here, we aim to characterise these ATs in-depth and estimate their contribution to alterations in whole-body metabolism. Design Mesenteric, epiploic, omental and abdominal subcutaneous ATs were collected from 70 patients with obesity undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The metabolically well-characterised cohort included nine subjects with insulin sensitive (IS) obesity, whose AT samples were analysed in a multiomics approach, including methylome, transcriptome and proteome along with samples from subjects with insulin resistance (IR) matched for age, sex and body mass index (n=9). Findings implying differences between AT depots in these subgroups were validated in the entire cohort (n=70) by quantitative real-time PCR. Results While mesenteric AT exhibited signatures similar to those found in the omental depot, epiAT was distinct from all other studied fat depots. Multiomics allowed clear discrimination between the IS and IR states in all tissues. The highest discriminatory power between IS and IR was seen in epiAT, where profound differences in the regulation of developmental, metabolic and inflammatory pathways were observed. Gene expression levels of key molecules involved in AT function, metabolic homeostasis and inflammation revealed significant depot- specific differences with epiAT showing the highest expression levels. Conclusion Multi- omics epiAT signatures reflect systemic IR and obesity subphenotypes distinct from other fat depots. Our data suggest a previously unrecognised role of human epiploic fat in the context of obesity, impaired insulin sensitivity and related diseases.

Yes / Are objects remembered with a more saturated color? Some of the evidence supporting this statement comes from research using “memory colors”—the typical colors of particular objects, for example, the green of grass. The problematic aspect of these findings is that many different exemplars exist, some of which might exhibit a higher saturation than the one measured by the experimenter. Here we avoid this problem by using unique personal items and comparing long- and short-term color memory matches (in hue, value, and chroma) with those obtained with the object present. Our results, on average, confirm that objects are remembered as more saturated than they are.

Dans cette thèse on s'intéresse à la contrôlabilité de deux classes de systèmes paraboliques linéaires.On caractérise dans un premier temps la contrôlabilité à zéro de systèmes à coefficients constants en dimension 1 lorsque les contrôles agissent sur différentes parties du domaine ou de sa frontière.On regarde ensuite avec le théorème de Fattorini la contrôlabilité frontière approchée de ces systèmes en dimension quelconque.On obtient notamment que les systèmes de 2 équations sont toujours contrôlables dans un rectangle si la zone de contrôle contient 2 directions.Dans un autre travail sur les systèmes à coefficients constants, on obtient une estimation du coût du contrôle frontière à zéro en dimension 1.On utilise ce résultat pour montrer que la contrôlabilité frontière à zéro dans des domaines cylindrique est réduite à la contrôlabilité frontière à zéro en dimension 1.On étudie ensuite la contrôlabilité approchée de systèmes en cascade avec un couplage d'ordre 1.On prouve que la contrôlabilité interne avec un couplage constant à toujours lieu, quel que soit la dimension et la zone de contrôle.On établit d'autre part une caractérisation de la contrôlabilité frontière en dimension 1 avec un couplage variable.Enfin, dans une dernière partie on s'intéresse à la contrôlabilité interne approchée de systèmes en cascade à coefficients variables en dimension 1.On montre qu'on est ramené à établir une caractérisation de la propriété de continuation unique pour une équation elliptique non-homogène.A l'aide de la caractérisation alors obtenue on montre en particulier comment la géométrie de la zone de contrôle peut influencer la contrôlabilité des systèmes. / This thesis focuses on the controllability of two classes of linear parabolic systems.We start with a caracterization of the null-controllability of systems with constant coefficients in dimension 1 where the controls are acting on different parts of the domain or its boundary.With the help of the theorem of Fattorini we then look at the boundary approximate controllability of these systems in any dimension.We show that a system of 2 equations is always approximately controllable on a rectangle if we assume that the control domain contains 2 directions.In another work on the systems with constant coefficients, we obtain an estimate of the boundary null-control cost in dimension 1.We then use this result to show that the boundary null-controllability in cylindrical domains is reduced to the boundary null-controllability in dimension 1.We then study the approximate controllability of cascade systems with a first order coupling term.We prove the distributed controllability when the coupling is constant, whatever the dimension and control domain are.On the other hand, we establish a caracterisation of the boundary controllability in dimension 1 for space-dependent couplings.Last, we investigate the distributed approximate controllability of cascade systems with space-dependent coefficients in dimension 1.Using the theorem of Fattorini and the structure of the systems under study we are lead to characterize the unique continuation property for a non-homogeneous elliptic equation.With the help of the caracterization then obtained we show in particular how the geometry of the control domain can affect the controllability properties of systems.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l’Université de Montréal / Trois questions sont à la base de cet ouvrage. La première vise à vérifier si des différences existent entre les enfants uniques et ceux ayant des frères et/ou des sœurs pour certaines difficultés de comportement et dimensions de la relation mère-enfant et si le fait de vivre seul ou non, de même que la qualité de ta relation mère-enfant prédisent les difficultés de comportement des enfants. La deuxième question consiste à examiner si les difficultés de comportement et les dimensions de la relation mère-enfant des premiers-nés sont différents de celles des seconds-nés de mêmes familles. Le sexe des enfants et l'intervalle intergénésique est également considérée lors de ces comparaisons. La troisième question porte sur l'examen des compositions fraternelles de un, deux et trois enfants dans te but de déterminer quelles sont les plus et les moins à risque en termes de difficultés de comportement et d'implication maternelle. Chaque question fait l'objet d'un article. Les données de la première Enquête longitudinale nationale sur les enfants et les jeunes (ELNEJ) sont utilisées dans te cadre de cet ouvrage. L'ELNEJ est un projet longitudinal visant à recueillir des informations sur un échantillon représentatif des enfants canadiens pour améliorer leur condition de vie et leur bien-être. Notre étude se limite aux enfants dont la mère était le répondant durant ('enquête, ce qui correspond à 91.5% des ménages et dont tous les frères et sœurs étaient nés des mêmes parents vivant toujours ensemble.