Diese Arbeit stellt grundlegende Konzepte und Tools vor, die bei der Arbeit mit Game Audio angewendet werden können. Sie soll dabei einen Überblick über das Thema Game Audio bieten und die Kernthemen sowohl in theoretischer als auch praktischer Form darstellen. So sollen die Grundlagen vermittelt werden, Game Audio zu implementieren. Die Arbeit richtet sich damit insbesondere an Einsteiger, die ggf. bereits erste Erfahrungen mit der Entwicklung von Spielen gemacht haben, jedoch bislang wenig Berührungspunkte mit dem Audiobereich von Games hatten. Den Hauptteil der Arbeit stellt der praktische Leitfaden dar. In diesem werden die wichtigsten Game Audio Themen besprochen. Dabei wird sowohl auf Game-spezifische und physikalische Grundprinzipien eingegangen als auch auf die praktische Umsetzung mit der jeweiligen Software. Begleitend dazu wurde ein Prototyp entwickelt, bei dem die Ausführungen des Leitfadens Anwendung fanden. Im Leitfaden wird u. a. geklärt, welche Tools es braucht, um Audio in Games zu implementieren und wie diese funktionieren. Repräsentativ wurde dafür die Game Engine Unity sowie die beiden dazu kompatiblen Audio-Middlewares FMOD und Wwise eingesetzt. Darüber hinaus wird die Verwendung von sogenannten Spatial Audio Plugins mit einbezogen und wie diese die Darstellung von 3D-Audio verbessern.:I Einleitung II Theoretische Grundlagen 1 Auditive Wahrnehmung 1.1 Schall 1.2 Menschliches Hörsystem 1.3 Räumliche Orientierung 2 Hörumgebung und Formate 3 Audio in digitalen Medien III Praktischer Leitfaden 1 Entwicklungsumgebung 1.1 Unity 1.2 FMOD 1.3 Wwise 1.4 Spatial Audio Plugins 1.5 Prototyp 2 Diegese 2.1 Theorie 2.2 Implementierung 3 Panning und HRTF 3.1 Theorie 3.2 Implementierung 4 Distance 4.1 Theorie 4.2 Implementierung 5 Occlusion, Obstruction und Exclusion 5.1 Theorie 5.2 Implementierung 6 Salienz 6.1 Theorie 6.2 Implementierung 7 Reverb 7.1 Theorie 7.2 Implementierung 8 Ambience 8.1 Theorie 8.2 Implementierung 9 Variabilität 9.1 Theorie 9.2 Implementierung 10 Dynamische Musik 10.1 Theorie 10.2 Implementierung IV Schlussbetrachtung 1 Diskussion 2 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literatur Internetquellen Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis

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This thesis is concerned with the concept of community in the thought of three French postmodem philosophers-Georges Bataille, Maurice Blanchot and Jean-Luc Nancy. I contend that anarchism is the best framework for understanding them because they emphasize the importance of community outside of the organization of the state. On their view, community as a unity or totality of social relations is absent in contemporary life, but this is as it should be because it makes possible the emergence of communities that are not premised on unity or totality but difference and openness. Bataille thinks that community requires an experience of sovereignty that is sacred rather than political, and that it is available through myth. Blanchot considers community in terms of the inherent neutrality of relations which cannot be co-opted by political interests. Nancy has an ontological orientation to politics that interprets existence as a community and results in a global law of multiple networks. All three stress the interplay between freedom and order, and seek a heightened sense of responsibility in community. Yet they do not acknowledge that community requires lasting institutions, and despite their attack on totalitarianism, they do not advocate democracy. Their work powerfully questions the concept of community, but it ultimately fails to offer viable alternatives for contemporary political philosophy. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Yes / This article examines transnational activism by coalitions of national minorities in Europe from the early 20th century to the present, setting this within the broader ‘security versus democracy dilemma’ that continues to surround international discussions on minority rights. Specifically, we analyse two organisations – the European Nationalities Congress (1925–1938) and the Federal Union of European Nationalities (1949–) – which, while linked, have never been subject to a detailed comparison based on primary sources. In so far as comparisons do exist, they present these bodies in highly negative terms, as mere fronts for inherently particularistic nationalisms that threaten political stability, state integrity and peace. Our more in‐depth analysis provides a fresh and more nuanced perspective: it shows that, in both cases, concepts of European integration and ‘unity in diversity’ have provided the motivating goals and frameworks for transnational movements advocating common rights for all minorities and seeking positive interaction with the interstate world.

Denna rapport har använt sig av Unity-verktyget ML-Agents till att bygga upp en spelmiljö där agenter tränats med hjälp av neurala nätverk och reinforcement learning. Miljön har utmanat agenterna med labyrintliknande banor där vissa även har enkla pusselmekaniker. Agenterna har sedan använts för att göra en undersökning om hur belöningssystemet Curiosity påverkar agentens förmåga att efter träning klara av för dem nya banor. Denna undersökning gjordes genom att träna 5 olika agenter under samma förhållanden där enbart styrkan på Curiosity-incitamentet skiljde dem åt. De olika Curiosity-styrkor som undersöktes var styrkorna: 0, 0.002, 0.033, 0.067 och 0.1. Dessa agenter utvärderades genom att spela igenom 8 utvärderingsbanor med varierande svårighetsgrad för att se vilken av agenterna som klarade av flest banor. Varje bana spelades igenom 50 gånger och antalet avklarade försök och tiden det tog för agenten att klara av varje bana antecknades. Resultatet visade att samtliga agenter som tränats med Curiosity presterade betydligt bättre än agenten som tränats utan Curiosity. Antalet avklarade försök på utvärderingsbanorna ökade med 121%-231% då agenter tränades med Curiosity. Agenterna som tränats med Curiosity visade viss variation i hur bra de klarade av spelets banor. Den agent som presterade bäst var den med Curiosity-styrkan 0.002. Agenter som tränats med Curiosity visade sig mer benägna att undersöka banorna, vilket gjorde att de inte körde fast lika ofta som agenten som tränats utan Curiosity. Agenterna med Curiosity-styrkorna 0.033, 0.067 och 0.1 anses dock ha ett för högt värde på sin Curiosity-styrka då de uppvisat ett sämre resultat, samt ett rörelsemönster som anses icke-optimalt då de jämförs med agenten med Curiosity-styrkan 0.002. Överlag visade samtliga agenter en hög standardavvikelse, vilket innebär att det förekom hög varians försöken emellan.

No / Plagued by bloody wars and armed conflicts, political instability, communal violence and displaced persons, and at the mercy of natural catastrophes such as drought and famine, it is not surprising that the Western press has long dismissed Africa as the 'hopeless continent'. In the face of these challenges, Africa today is faced with a stark choice: either unite or perish. The debate on why and how the continent should unite in terms of co-operative peace, security and development is more urgent than at any other time in Africa's post-colonial history. Moving forward from the failure of the earlier, typically idealistic Africa unity project, David Francis demonstrates how peace and security challenges have created the imperative for change. He argues that a series of regional peace and security systems are emerging, and that states that have participated in practical experiments in regional peacekeeping, peace support operations, conflict stabilization/management and preventive diplomacy are building de facto systems of peace and security that could be institutionalized and extended.

I dagens samhälle är det mycket viktigt för många att ha stabil uppkoppling för trådlös kommunikation. För att uppnå bra nätverkstäckning behöver radioantenner placeras ut på så optimala platser som möjligt.  För att förenkla processen att identifiera dessa platser påbörjades utvecklingen av en radiovågssimulator hos arbetsgivaren. Två olika program har skapats som utgör grunden för simulatorn, ett som kan generera en 3D-miljö som återspeglar en verklig plats, och det andra programmet simulerar radiostrålar med hjälp av strålspårning.  Problemet är att dessa program inte kan köras samtidigt som ett enda program, vilket innebär att täckningen inte kan undersökas i den miljö som genererats. Detta projekt har som mål att få de två olika programmen att fungera tillsammans så att det är möjligt att analysera var täckning kommer finnas om sändare placeras ut i miljön. Det ska även vara möjligt att byta betraktningsperspektiv i miljön för att möjliggöra att användaren kan undersöka var täckning finns i 3D-miljön. För att uppnå målen undersöktes de tidigare programmen för att avgöra hur programmen skulle kunna kopplas tillsammans. Resultatet är att de två programmen nu kan köras tillsammans som ett enda program där radiovågssimuleringen kan interagera med den automatiskt genererade 3D-miljön. Detta skapar ett program som tydligt kan simulera var sändare kommer att erbjuda stabil täckning i den miljön som genererats. / In today's society, a stable wireless connection is very important for many. In order to achieve good network coverage, radio antennas need to be placed in the most optimal locations possible. In order to simplify the process of identifying these locations, the development of a radio wave simulator was previously started at the employer. Two different programs have been created that form the basis of the simulator, one that can generate a 3D environment that reflects a real location, and the other program simulates radio waves using ray tracing. The problem is that these programs cannot run concurrently as a single program, which means that coverage cannot be examined in the generated environment. This project aims to make the two different programs work together so that it is possible to analyze where coverage will be if transmitters are placed in the environment. It must also be possible to change the viewing perspective in the environment to enable the user to examine where coverage is in the 3D environment. To achieve the objectives, the previous programs were examined to determine how the programs could be linked together. The result is that the two programs can now run together as a single program where the radio wave simulation can interact with the automatically generated 3D environment. This creates a program that can clearly simulate where transmitters will offer stable coverage in the environment generated.

[pt] As populações residentes em unidades de conservação de uso sustentável têm sua participação assegurada na gestão da UC, conforme estabelece a Lei nº 9.985/00. Sendo assim, este estudo fundamentou-se na hipótese de que o envolvimento e a participação das populações tradicionais em áreas protegidas são essenciais em todo processo de formação da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS), visto que, as atividades desenvolvidas por esses moradores estarão reguladas por normas que impactarão na conservação do ambiente natural. Dessa forma, buscou-se averiguar a participação dos moradores da comunidade Nossa Senhora do Livramento na gestão da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé (REDES do Tupé), e os impactos socioambientais ocasionados pela implementação dessa reserva na vida dessa comunidade. Para isso, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa. Como método de coleta de informações utilizou-se a entrevista de cunho livre. A análise desta pesquisa para realização da relação homem natureza se apoiou em uma metodologia denominada análise de conteúdo. Como resultado, constatou-se que o êxito da consolidação da REDES dependerá não somente do cumprimento das leis ambientais, mas sobretudo da ação do governo em oportunizar programas de consciência ambiental, atividades sustentáveis, investimentos na educação ambiental, na saúde e no transporte, de forma que os objetivos instituídos pelo Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza para as Unidades de Conservação (UC) sejam de fato efetivados e que as populações locais obtenham o maior benefício em bases sustentáveis tornando possível a qualidade de vida tão propagada na Lei nº 9. 985/00. / [en] The resident populations in conservation units of sustainable use have ensured their participation in the management of UC, according to Law No. 9.985/00. Thus, this study was based on the assumption that the involvement and participation of traditional population in protected areas are essential in any process of formation of a Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR), whereas, the activities developed by these residents will be governed by rules that will impact on preserving the natural environment. Thus, we sought to investigate the involvement of community residents of Nossa Senhora do Livramento in managing the Sustainable Development Reserve Tupé (REDES Tupé), and the environmental impacts caused by the implementation of the reserve in the life of this community. For this, we used a qualitative approach. As a method of data collection used the interview to stamp free. The analysis of this research for achieving nature of the man leaned on a methodology called content analysis. As a result, it was found that the successful consolidation of REDES depends not only on the enforcement of environmental laws, but rather of government action creating opportunity in programs of environmental awareness, sustainable activities, investment in environmental education, health and transport, so that the goals established by the National System of Nature Conservation for the Conservation Units (CU) are actually effected and that local people derive the greatest benefit on a sustainable basis making possible the quality of life as propagated by Law No. 9. 985/00.