Die Forschung des Themas Unternehmertums und der lokalen Entwicklung wird zur Zeit weltweit intensiv im Bereich der Verwaltung durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit, die Untersuchung des Unternehmertums, des Habitus und der lokalen Entwicklung in Panambi RS hat das Ziel, die sozialen und kulturellen Faktoren zu identifizieren, die zur endogene Entwicklung der Stadt im Laufe der Zeit führten. Das industrielle Unternehmen in Korrelation mit dem Habitus und mit der lokalen Ententwicklung aus einer Fragestellung einer möglichen Existenz von einem Unternehmenshabitus, die sich aus der grossen Anzahl von Industrien mit mehr als 50 Jahren Gründung in Panambi zeigen, wurde ebenfalls erforscht. Diese Arbeit zeigt als theoritische Grundlage die Diskussion von Schumpeter (1997), Barquero (2001), Becker (1994, 2000, 2001, 2010) mit Basis das Konzept von Habitus nach Bourdieu (1990,1996,1983 a e b) und ihre Auswirkungen. Als Methoden für die Bearbeitung der gesammelten Daten wurde semistrukturierte Interviews verwendet. Das Datenbearbeiten wurde je nach Methoden von Bardin (2011) mit der Anwendung des Softwares ATLAS-TI durchgeführt. Die Reflexionen über die mögliche Existenz eines Unternehmenshabitus, das sich durch eine hohe Anzahl von Industrien in Panambi zeigt Informationen der Gemeinde speziellerweise wegen ihrer Ursprung der Deutschen Kolonisierung mit einer Vielzahl von Informationen und Gebräuche die aus ihrem Mutterland früher gebracht wurden. Das Deutschtum und das Unternehmertum dieser Einwanderer bildeten nach und nach die lokale Entwicklung in Panambi denn stimuliert Gemeinschaftsverbindungen und fühtren zu Fortschritten, die das Basis stabil halten: die drei Elemente daran beteiligt sind: die Religion, die Schule und die Arbeit, das heisst, das Deutschtum (Habitus). Die Anerkennung von Panambi als wichtige Deutschkolonie, mit starker Anzahl von Evangelischen Kirchen und evangelischen Bürgern, und auch gerichtet an die Arbeit, ist oft von anderen Nachbarnstädten der Region gesehen und anerkannt. Die Entwicklung und das Unternehmertum der Lokalindustrie trugen für die Ausbreitung dieses Sozialbildes bei und verstärkten, im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts, die Beziehung der Deutschkolonisierung mit der Lutheranischen Kirche. Verbindet zu diesen beiden Elementen spielt die Schule eine wichtige Rolle, die die Pflege der Deutschkultur hält und das Habitus (Deutschtum) bildet. Auf diese Weise kommt man zur Schlussvolgerung in dieser Arbeit, dass die gelebten Besonderheiten und gesammelten Erfahrungen der Bürger, die Panambi im Laufe der Zeit kolonisierten, bildeten ein Schema von Sozialbildungen die, trotz der Weltglobalisierung, hielten die Beziehungen zwischen dem Deutschtum, dem Unternehmertum und der Entwicklung. Auf dieser Weise, das Habitus der Gemeinschaft Panambi ist eine Folge von Beziehungen die gleichzeitig zwar bilden aber auch zwingen das Bundesszenario und Verfahren, die die Dimension der lokalen Entwicklung und des Unternehmertums bildet. / O estudo do empreendedorismo e desenvolvimento local tem sido alvo de diversos estudos no campo da administração. O estudo do empreendedorismo, habitus e desenvolvimento local de Panambi-RS busca Identificar os fatores sociais e culturais que promoveram o desenvolvimento endógeno de Panambi-RS através do empreendedorismo industrial estabelecendo sua correlação com habitus e desenvolvimento local e regional a partir do questionamento da existência de um habitus empreendedor que se reflete no expressivo número de indústrias ativas com mais de cinquenta anos de fundação na cidade de Panambi RS. Apresenta como base teórica a discussão proposta por Schumpeter (1997), Barquero (2001) Becker (1994, 2000, 2001, 2010) tendo como base o conceito de habitus de Bourdieu (1990,1996,1983 a e b) e suas implicações. Como técnica de coleta de dados utilizou-se a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para tratamento dos dados foi usada a análise de conteúdo, conforme proposta de Bardin (2011), a partir da utilização do software ATLAS-TI. As reflexões sobre a existência de um habitus empreendedor que se reflete no expressivo número de indústrias longevas em Panambi RS, salientam alguns aspectos da sociedade originária da colonização, a qual se caracteriza pela reprodução de referenciais culturais, pela profusão e circularidade da informação sobre a mãe pátria (Alemanha). A germanidade e o empreendedorismo geram o desenvolvimento local singular, pois permitem o surgimento de empresas que reafirmam os laços comunitários e geram progresso retroalimentando a base deste sucesso o tripé religião, escola e trabalho, ou seja, a germanidade (habitus). A identificação da cidade como sendo alemã, evangélica e voltada ao trabalho está presente na memória e na identidade da localidade frente aos demais municípios da região. O desenvolvimento e empreendedorismo da indústria local contribuíram para reforçar e difundir o imaginário social e reforçam, ao longo do século 20, a relação da colonização com a Igreja Luterana e vinculada a ela, a escola, que garantem a preservação da cultura alemã gerando o habitus (Germanidade). Assim conclui-se que a particularidade vivida e experimentada pelos agentes sociais que colonizaram Panambi-RS criaram um sistema de esquemas e construções sociais que, embora em constante adaptação às informações do mundo globalizado, mantém presente a relação entre germanidade, empreendedorismo e desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, o habitus da sociedade de Panambi-RS é um produto de relações que constroem e constrangem a matriz relacional e processual que constitui a dimensão do desenvolvimento local e do empreendedorismo.

The aim of this article is to present a learning theory (constructivist theory) that supports and explains a lot of the requested changes in entrepreneurship education. It also explains how entrepreneurs learn and serves as a basis for designing entrepreneurship programs. If we look at the ‘skills’ and competencies of entrepreneurs from a constructivist’s perspective we find most of them by observing children under the age of five or six: they are motivated to learn, they are interested in a variety of different topics, they ask excellent questions, they try many things to get insights, they are creative, they are impatient. In short, they create and govern their own learning process, which is open for any content, style, goal, experience, etc., and allows them to take every opportunity to answer the question in concern. In this sense it is similar to the entrepreneurial process where the entrepreneur tries everything and is ready to learn what is needed to be successful.

The topic of sustainability has found its way into the corporate entrepreneurship activities of large corporations. The Sustainable Corporate Entrepreneurship (SCE) strand is still in its infancy. Since most large corporations engage in corporate entrepreneurship and are exploring new business models inside and outside corporate boundaries, several questions arise from different viewpoints. First, from corporate perspective researchers and business leaders wonder which internal modes of SCE activities have emerged in business practice and how large corporations explore sustainable value propositions. Second, from entrepreneur and investor perspective, the question emerges which factors influence the likelihood of corporate ventures, such as spin-offs from corporations, raising venture capital to scale sustainable business models. Therefore, to further develop the field of SCE, this cumulative dissertation presents three research papers analysing sustainable corporate entrepreneurship at the intersection of corporations and start-ups.

In Deutschland hat ein kleiner Anteil der deutschtürkischen UnternehmerInnen in letzter Zeit vielerlei wirtschaftliche Kontakte zu verschiedenen Ländern hergestellt und weltweit transnationale Firmen gegründet. Die vorliegende qualitative Studie zeigt, dass es nicht im Wesentlichen ethnische Netzwerke waren, auf die sie dabei gebaut haben, sondern dass sie aufgrund ihrer eigenen Voraussetzungen (hoher Bildungsstand, Fachwissen, Erfahrung, Unternehmergeist) in der Lage sind, die Möglichkeiten zu nutzen, die sich aus dem globalen Wandel ergeben. Im Gegensatz zu transnationalen Aktivitäten, die frühere Studien für die Amerikas dokumentieren, sind deutschtürkische transnationale UnternehmerInnen vielseitiger und globaler. Zum einen handeln Sie mit Textilien, Elektronik, Technologie, Unterhaltung, Tourismus und Lebensmitteln. Zum anderen unterhalten sie Geschäftsbeziehungen zu KundInnen aus der ganzen Welt, aus Asien, Afrika, Europa, Australien und den Amerikas. Grundsätzlich kann man sagen, dass deutschtürkische transnationale UntermehmerInnen vielseitige Verbindungen in den verschiedensten Länder der Welt pflegen und dass ihr unternehmerischer Erfolg nicht maßgeblich von Verbindungen zur Türkei abhängt. / In Germany, a minority of Turkish immigrant entrepreneurs recently have developed multiple economic linkages with different countries, and set up transnational firms across the globe. This qualitative research finds that they have not relied heavily on the ethnic networks but draw on sufficient human capital to exploit resources and opportunities arising from the globalising changes. Compared to the transnational activities in previous studies conducted in the Americas, the Turkish transnational entrepreneurs are more diverse and global. First, their ventures include textiles, electronics, technology, entertainment, tourism and food production. Second, their clientele is worldwide covering Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and the Americas. In essence, the Turkish transnational entrepreneurs have developed multiple ties that span different countries all over the world, and their economic success is not largely dependent on ties with their home country.

This publication-based dissertation examines (corporate) venturing and business model innovation intending to derive implications for entrepreneurial management in firms. To achieve this, four self-contained research papers have been developed which are the core of this dissertation. The first section serves as a general introduction, outlines the motivation for each of the research topics, and presents a summary of the research papers and their publication status. The first research paper (Section 2) is a systematic literature review that summarizes and structures three decades of research on the field of success measurement of corporate venturing activities. It identifies three structural dimensions which allow the creation of nine meaning clusters by which the existing measurement approaches can be grouped and compared. Additionally, the review reveals the heterogeneity of these approaches and the unique measurement items which they include. The third section is an empirical study on new venture creation activities in the early stage, based on 112 interviews with novice and experienced entrepreneurs. It defines three dimensions of entrepreneurial activity, namely, Entrepreneurial Alignment, Resource Enhancement, and Value Generation, and finds 67 actions, which differ across these groups in type and sequence. Section four is a single case study in business model innovation that investigates the recent rebranding of “Facebook” to “Meta”. It finds that, despite the strong communication efforts and the resulting internal and external signaling effects, this change does not correspond to a radical business innovation pattern. The fourth research study (Section 5) is a conceptual study that develops an integrated framework for business model innovation in service industries, based on research on the tourism industry. It highlights the limitations of siloed approaches under the influence of internal and external challenges such as industry dynamics and resource constraints. Section six summarizes the dissertation, highlighting the overall contributions for research and practice, and discusses the limitations and directions for future research.

Unterscheidet sich die Ausprägung sozialer Präferenzen zwischen Unternehmern und Nicht-Unternehmern? Beeinflussen die sozialen Präferenzen von Unternehmern welchen Geschäftstyp (soziales vs. kommerzielles Unternehmen) sie gründen? Haben soziale Präferenzen einen Einfluss auf produktive und/oder unproduktive unternehmerische Motive? Spielt die Persönlichkeitsstruktur in diesem Kontext eine Rolle? Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt diese Fragen anhand von vier experimentellen Studien mit Unternehmern, Landwirten, Studierenden der Betriebs- und Volkswirtschaftslehre, sowie Mitarbeitern, Kollaboratoren und Investoren von Start-up-Unternehmen. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Methoden in Labor, Online, sowie „Lab-in-the field“ Experimenten angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Unternehmer im Vergleich zu den anderen Testgruppen, generell stärker ausgeprägte soziale Präferenzen besitzen, insbesondere bezüglich kooperativer Eigenschaften. Darüber hinaus wird kein Zusammenhang zwischen den sozialen Präferenzen von Unternehmern und ihrer Entscheidung ein soziales oder kommerzielles Unternehmen zu gründen gefunden. / How do entrepreneurs’ social inclinations compare to those of non-entrepreneurs? Does the social preference structure of entrepreneurs provide us with information regarding the business type they choose to operate (i.e., whether they choose to run a social business versus a commercial business)? Do social preferences relate to (un)productive entrepreneurial motives? Does personality play a role in this context? This dissertation addresses these research questions by conducting four experimental studies with actual entrepreneurs, business and economics students, farmers, and start-up employees, collaborators and investors. Thereby, different methods are applied in laboratory, online, and lab-in-the-field experiments. The findings suggest entrepreneurs to hold generally stronger social tendencies, in particular in relation to cooperation. No link between social preferences and the choice of founding a social or commercial business is found.

The publication-based dissertation investigates how to leverage corporate venturing units for the continuous stra- tegic renewal of established companies. It includes four self-contained research papers, from which three are de- veloped for publication in peer-reviewed academic journals, and one for publication as an academic teaching case study. The first paper uses the methodology of a systematic literature review to integrate different research streams of organizational ambidexterity, dynamic capabilities, and corporate venturing. As a result, it provides an inte- grated framework and identifies interlinked-ambidextrous corporate venturing units as a promising research av- enue for strategic corporate venturing. The second paper applies a multiple-case study approach to differentiate contemporary corporate venturing units from a strategic renewal perspective. As a result, it can provide a novel typology and suggest a first organizational framework for strategic corporate venturing. The third paper investi- gates the identified interlinked-ambidextrous corporate venturing units deeper through additional qualitative data collection and analysis. This results in a proposed organizational model of strategic corporate venturing with spe- cific organizational antecedents alongside process activities, dynamic capabilities and organizational interlinks as possible enablers, and ambidextrous orientation as a possible mediator to develop organizationally consequential new business. The fourth paper helps to apply these findings by describing the strategic renewal challenge of the digital scale-up Freeletics and leading through the organizational set-up of a suitable strategic corporate venturing project in the teaching note. To integrate all papers within one dissertation, they are framed with an introductory and concluding section. The introduction describes the overall need and motivation for the research and intro- duces the key theoretical concepts as well as the four research papers and their publication status. The concluding section provides theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations and future research opportunities across all included papers. Altogether, the dissertation enhances existing corporate venturing theory to better lev- erage the concept for strategic renewal and provides new insights into the establishing and application of dynamic capabilities and organizational ambidexterity in dedicated corporate venturing units.

Heuristics are mental shortcuts applied, consciously, subconsciously or both, to save time and efforts at the expense of risking the accuracy of the outcome. Therefore, one might argue that it is just an accuracy-effort trade-off. Nonetheless, we ought to recognize the distinction between the circumstances of risk, where all choices, outcomes, and probabilities might be generally known, and the circumstances of uncertainty, where, at least some, are not. Traditional models like the Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) work best for decisions under risk but not under uncertainty, which portrays most situations people need to tackle. Uncertainty requires simple heuristics that are sufficient instead of perfect. In this dissertation, the notion of heuristics was researched through a comprehensive historical review that unfolded the heuristics-linked ideas of significant scholars. An explicit distinction between the deliberate and the automatic heuristics was stated with chronological categories of pre and post-introduction of the SEU theory; providing a new perspective and opening a discussion for future research to consider. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative studies were applied that produced an unsophisticated heuristic set that was used by entrepreneurs in the Middle East and Germany. Perhaps entrepreneurs, and people in general, do not always know or acknowledge their use of heuristics. But still, they use it extensively and may exchange heuristics among others. That may lead us to think that in a world where uncertainty prevails, the Homo heuristicus might become a real threat to the Homo economicus.

This cumulative dissertation captures the sharing economy’s sustainability dynamics by applying a macro-, meso-, and micro-level analysis to investigate the actors and elements involved in constituting the field. On a macro-level, the first study examines the social, political, and economic context that shapes (non-)sustainable sharing entrepreneurs’ behavior. The second study's meso-level analysis investigates how sharing entrepreneurs affect other organizations and communities to act more sustainable. Lastly, the third study adopts a micro-level analysis that focuses on entrepreneurs’ identity formation in the contested sharing economy. Overall, this dissertation contributes to a more fine-grained understanding of sustainability in the sharing economy and the various actors and elements involved in constituting the field. Moreover, the dissertation highlights the actions and interventions necessary for the sharing economy’s sustainability path.:List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations CHAPTER 1: Background and Research Gap 1.1 Theoretical Framework 1.1.1 The Evolution of the Sharing Economy 1.1.2 Theoretical Perspectives on Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 1.1.3 Theoretical Perspectives on Organizational Identity Work 1.2 Research Purpose and Scientific Contribution 1.2.1 Research Article I 1.2.2 Research Article II 1.2.3 Research Article III References CHAPTER 2: Research Article I CHAPTER 3: Research Article II 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical Background 3.2.1 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems 3.2.2 Sustainability in the Sharing Economy 3.3 Data and Method 3.3.1 Research Context 3.3.2 Sampling Logic and Data Collection 3.3.3 Data Analysis 3.4 Findings 3.4.1 Building a Supportive Environment 3.4.2 Disrupting Normative Standards 3.4.3 Reframing the Sustainability Paradigm 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Implications for Theory 3.5.2 Implications for Practice 3.5.3 Limitations and Future Research References CHAPTER 4: Research Article III 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theoretical Background 4.2.1 Identity Narratives in Contested Fields 4.2.2 Label Work and Collective Identity 4.3 Methodology 4.3.1 Research Setting: The Sharing Economy as a Contested Field 4.3.2 Data Sources and Collection 4.3.3 Data Analysis 4.4 Findings 4.4.1 Embracing the Label for Configuring Local Identity and Field Aspirations 4.4.2 Fixing the Label to Signal Distinctiveness 4.4.3 Unfixing the Label to Embrace Tensions and Ambiguities 4.4.4 Re-Fixing the Label to Consolidate a Collective Identity 4.5 Discussion 4.6 Conclusion References

Politische Entscheidungsträger sind zunehmend besorgt über die hohe und steigende Einkommens- und Vermögensungleichheit weltweit (Kanbur, 2019; Wood, 2018). Ein wesentlicher Faktor ist die ungleiche Verteilung von Bildung und produktiven Fähigkeiten innerhalb von Gesellschaften sowie zwischen Ländern (Martin, 2018; Stijn et al., 2019). Die Förderung von benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppen neue Kompetenzen zu erwerben ist daher ein wichtiger politischer Hebel zur Bekämpfung von Ungleichheiten (OECD, 2019). Diese Dissertation liefert neue Erkenntnisse darüber, wie Trainingsmaßnahmen gestaltet werden können, um das wirtschaftliche Wohlergehen von Teilnehmer effektiv zu verbessern. Auf der Grundlage kontrafaktischer Wirkungsevaluierungen wird in den vier Kapiteln die Effektivität von Trainingsmaßnahmen in drei zentralen Politikbereichen analysiert: berufliche Fähigkeiten, Unternehmertum und finanzielle Bildung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wie wichtig es ist, zielgerichtete und maßgeschneiderte Maßnahmen zu entwickeln, welche gleichzeitig auf verschiedene Bedürfnisse, Einschränkungen und Chancen von geringer-qualifizierten, benachteiligten Personen eingehen. / Policymakers are increasingly concerned about high and rising inequality of earnings and wealth globally (Kanbur, 2019; Wood, 2018). One key driver is the unequal distribution of productive skills within societies and across countries (Martin, 2018; Stijn et al., 2019). Improving opportunities for disadvantaged population groups to acquire new skills, therefore, presents an important policy lever to tackle inequalities (OECD, 2019). This thesis provides new evidence on how to design skills trainings that effectively improve participants’ economic well-being. Based on counterfactual impact evaluations, the four chapters assess the effectiveness of training pro-grams in three core policy areas: vocational skills, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy. The findings demonstrate the importance of designing well-targeted and tailored interventions that simultaneously address the multi-faceted needs, constraints, and opportunities faced by lower-skilled, disadvantaged individuals.