Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3041.pdf: 1763061 bytes, checksum: 4532c93bba50df0ccfddcb6084945bc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-06 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Since 1970´s, in Brazil, a series of educational proposals have incorporated activities related to environmental issues among then outdoor activities in natural spaces. However, we consider that most of those activities don´t take full advantage of its educational potential, both in order to explore all the contributions that the ecology field can offer, or to work with social mobilization and the formation of values. Moreover, it is relevant to identify how primary school teachers deal with three spheres of the educational practice (knowledge, ethical and aesthetics values, and participation) that we consider inseparable in an effective environmental education work. To investigate if the units of the São Carlos Ecological Pole (Pólo Ecológico de São Carlos) are educating spaces that contribute to the understanding of the complexity of environmental issues, and stimulate a sense of belonging and social responsibility, we interviewed primary school teachers who had accompanied visits to these places, people who are involved or have been involved with environmental education (EE) in these spaces, and followed guided tours in all units of the Ecological Pole. To present the results, we chose to discuss them in two stages: Moment I: analysis of all collected material trying to define what each unit of the Ecological Pole can offer, based on 21 listed parameters that are consistent with a critical perspective of EE and Moment II: an analysis of teachers´ interviews aiming to relate the different trends in environmental education conception and educational perspective. Regarding the Moment I, we have identified that the activities of EE in the Pole units can address issues that contemplate the three dimensions of educational practice. This brings up the idea that the issues involve more than one subject, which is consistent with our view that it is up to the EE to unveil the complexity of environmental issues. When we look at each site independent of each other, we realize that many parameters are not dealt with, but when considering the sum of these parameters, we observe that all are identified. This shows the importance of an EE that is permanent and continuous inter and transdisciplinary, requiring partnerships between multiple instances to be viable. The connectivity between the Pole units in a coordinated action would increase each unit´s actions. Therefore, we reinforce the idea that the integration of these units would yield a more thorough EE work. There are certain parameters that are still not addressed frequently. Thus, we envisage a permanent and articulated EE so that other issues, on occasions other than during these visits, can be discussed and reflected upon. For the Moment II analisys, we considered three perspectives of educational trends and three EE conceptual tendencies. We noticed the coexistence of several trends in the same speech, which indicates that the school is reflective and reflects the transition of paradigms through which society in general is going through, and hence the knowledge production in the EE field. From this evidence, we believe that the institutionalization of EE among different groups and social sectors can make the challenge of greening a less arduous task for the school. We identified that the EE actions, both at school and in field activities, do not incorporate all the points that deserve to be addressed in regard to the complexity of environmental issues. The results of this research show how an cross, permanent and continuous EE is a decisive factor for the realization of its principles and objectives. / No Brasil, a partir década de 1970, uma série de propostas educativas tem incorporado atividades relacionadas com a temática ambiental - dentre elas as atividades ao ar livre em áreas verdes. No entanto, consideramos que a maioria das atividades nessas áreas não aproveitam todo o potencial educativo, tanto no sentido de explorar toda a contribuição que a ecologia pode oferecer, como de trabalhar a formação de valores e a mobilização social. Além disso, é relevante identificar como educadores(as) do ensino básico lidam com três esferas da prática educativa (conhecimentos, valores éticos e estéticos e participação) que consideramos indissociáveis em um trabalho efetivo de educação ambiental. Com o intuito de investigar se as unidades do Pólo Ecológico de São Carlos são espaços educadores que contribuem para a compreensão da complexidade da questão ambiental, e que estimulam o sentido de pertencimento e de responsabilidade social, entrevistamos professoras do ensino fundamental que haviam acompanhado visitas a esses locais, pessoas que estão envolvidas ou já estiveram envolvidas com atividades de educação ambiental (EA) nesses espaços, e acompanhamos visitas guiadas em todas as unidades do Pólo Ecológico. Para apresentação dos resultados, optamos por discuti-los em dois momentos: Momento I: análise de todo material, procurando definir o que cada unidade do Pólo Ecológico pode oferecer segundo 21 parâmetros elencados, que estão de acordo com uma perspectiva crítica de EA e Momento II: análise das entrevistas das professoras, objetivando relacionar as diferentes tendências da concepção de educação ambiental e perspectiva pedagógica. Em relação ao Momento I, identificamos que as atividades de EA nas unidades do Pólo podem abordar assuntos que perpassem pelas três dimensões da prática educativa. Isso traz a idéia de que os assuntos envolvem mais de uma questão, o que condiz com a nossa perspectiva de que cabe à EA desvelar a complexidade da questão ambiental. Quando olhamos para cada local independente do outro, percebemos que muitos parâmetros não são trabalhados, mas ao analisar a somatória desses parâmetros, observamos que todos são identificados. Isso mostra a importância de uma EA permanente e contínua, inter e transdisciplinar, que exige parcerias entre várias instâncias para ser viabilizada. A conectividade entre as unidades do Pólo em uma ação coordenada potencializaria a ação de cada uma. Por isso, reforçamos a idéia de que a integração dessas unidades constituiria um trabalho mais completo de EA. Existem certos parâmetros que ainda assim não são abordados com frequência. Desse modo, vislumbramos uma EA permanente e articulada para que outras questões, em outras oportunidades que não sejam durante essas visitas, tenham espaço para serem discutidas e refletidas. Para a análise do Momento II, consideramos três tendências de perspectivas pedagógicas e três tendências de concepção de EA. Percebemos a coexistência de várias tendências no mesmo discurso o que nos indica que a escola é reflexo e reflete a transição de paradigmas pela qual passa a sociedade e, consequentemente, a produção de conhecimento no campo de EA. A partir dessa constatação, nossa aposta é de que a institucionalização da EA entre diferentes públicos e setores sociais pode tornar o desafio da ambientalização uma tarefa menos árdua para a escola. Identificamos que as ações de EA, tanto na escola como nas atividades de campo, não incorporam todos os pontos que merecem ser abordados para contemplar a complexidade da questão ambiental. Os resultados dessa investigação mostram o quanto uma EA transversal, permanente e contínua é fator decisivo para a efetivação dos seus princípios e objetivos.

Socio-ekologisk resiliens är ett begrepp som bör integreras i en större omfattning i dagens stadsplanering då extremväder till följd av klimatförändringar, samt Covid-19 pandemin har förändrat behoven i stadens offentliga rum. Ett sätt att bemöta de nya behoven är att öka andelen grönområden. Denna studie fokuserar på Stockholms mest centrala delar, Vasastan, Norrmalm och Östermalm som har ett väldigt begränsat utbud av grönområden, sett till hur många som bor där. Stockholms stads rekommendation är att boende ska ha maximalt 200 meter till närmsta grönområde, vilket studiens fokusområden inte uppfyller idag. Dessutom är dessa områden utsatta för värmeöar och översvämningsrisker, vilket var ytterligare en orsak till varför studieområdet valdes.  Att få loss mark och implementera nya grönområden i ett redan högt exploaterat område är en utmaning. Denna studie syftar därför till att undersöka var urbana grönområden såsom mikroparker kan införas i syfte att öka den socio-ekologiska resiliensen, men även att undersöka hur Stockholms stad arbetar med resiliensstrategier idag samt hur dessa kan förbättras. Vidare undersöktes vilka faktorer som ett urbant grönområde ska ha för att bidra till resiliens. Med resultatet av intervjuer och spatiala analyser som underlag, kan denna studie konstatera att Stockholms stads arbete med socio-ekologisk resiliens har förbättringsmöjligheter, och att det finns flertalet spillytor att anlägga mikroparker på. Dessutom har de viktigaste framgångsfaktorerna när det kommer till grönområden, ur ett socio- ekologiskt perspektiv, presenterats vilket framför allt handlar om mångfunktionalitet. Dock visar studien på att man behöver ta vissa bilvägar i anspråk för att säkerställa ekologisk resiliens. / Socio-ecological resilience is a concept that should be integrated to a greater extent in today's urban planning since extreme weather as a result of climate change, and the Covid-19 pandemic have changed the needs of the city's public spaces. One way to meet the new needs is to increase the proportion of green areas. This study focuses on Stockholm's most central parts, ON, Norrmalm and Östermalm, which have a very limited range of green areas, in comparison to how many people live there. The City of Stockholm's recommendation is that residents should have a maximum of 200 meters to the nearest green area, which the study's focus areas do not meet today. In addition, these areas are exposed to heat islands and flood risks, which was another reason why the study area was chosen.  To implement new green areas in an already highly developed area is a challenge. Therefore, this study aims to investigate where urban green areas, such as micro parks, can be introduced to increase social-ecological resilience. It also aims to investigate how the City of Stockholm works with resilience strategies today and how these can be improved. Furthermore, it was investigated what factors an urban green area should have to contribute to resilience. With the results of interviews and spatial analysis as a basis, this study can point out that the City of Stockholm's work with socio-ecological resilience has room for improvement, and that there are several available areas to build micro parks on. In addition, the most important success factors when it comes to green areas, from a socio-ecological perspective, have been presented, which is primarily about multifunctionality. However, the study shows that it is necessary to develop some car roads into greener areas, to ensure socio-ecological resilience.

From a point of view of contemporary society which requires healthy lifestyle and healthy environment, especially in big cities there is a need for development of recreation and public green areas. First, i tis a form of preparation in planning, i.e. it is important to elaborate objectives for their subsequent promotion and enforcement and afterwards it is necessary to provide funds for their implementation. This doctoral thesis analyzes the role of everyday recreation as a part of our lives and recreation as a necessary component of our healthy lifestyle. Green areas represent the most suitable environment for this type of recreation. This thesis describes the status, importance and types of recreation and green areas in cities in the Czech Republic. It also analyzes the relationship between recreation and urban green areas in terms of uses of urban green space for daily recreation. Specifically, the work focused on conceptual and compositional principles arrangement of urban green areas. Those represent the most suitable and important potential resources for development of vegetation and everyday recreation for all people living in our cities. The intention of this thesis is to analyze the current status of recreational function of public green areas in urban developments and especially in neighbourhoods. Following that to suggest solutions for improvement and implementation of green areas as measures for design solutions within the framework of land-use planning. This thesis is supposed to act as compendium to spread knowledge about possible options how to create green areas with recreational and housing function and thus acquire complex build-up area.

The thesis Urban green spaces and its institutional framework attempts to analyze different cases of urban green spaces foundation and administration in which various public and private entities act. Based on these foundations it tries to come with an overview of the most important forms of provision of greenery in cities. Through research of available literature we came to the understanding that greenery in urban environments is not just a result of municipal service provided by a public authority but to its foundation, administration, financing and maintenance contribute also other entities. The overview created in the thesis is not exhaustive but can serve as an inspiration for various subjects at a time when local public authorities do not have sufficient resources to ensure satisfactory range and quality of public green.

In its theoretical part deals with the importance of green areas in towns and settlements, the history of its inception, its different forms and the importance for a healthy way of life of the urban population. The work follows the influence of green areas on a person in terms of aesthetic and hygienic. Discusses the importance and development of the landscape as well and its effect on human activities and return to the influence of the landscape and the nature of the mental and physical health of a person. The practical part of the thesis, the revitalization of the city's historic park addresses located on the square, Husova. The goal of the revitalization of the Park is to improve the functionality of the reference territory from ecological, functional and aesthetic.