Ce travail débute par le constat d’apparition récente de la question des ‘transports’ en urbanisme et son remplacement rapide par celle de la ‘mobilité’. Observation étonnante étant donné les liens évidents entre la ville et les ‘transports’ ou la ‘mobilité’ : infrastructures, réseaux, espaces de circulation, déplacements des personnes et des biens, etc. Constat également étonnant à la lecture des auteurs fondateurs de la discipline, dont les écrits démontrent qu’ils abordent tous ces questions. Où était donc passé le transport pendant le XXᵉ siècle pour les urbanistes ? Première piste d’explication, plusieurs auteurs traitent des années 1920-1930 comme d’un moment charnière dans la constitution d’une pensée techniciste, notamment face à la menace automobile. Cette période se soldera par la naissance de l’ingénierie du trafic, à qui est confiée la mission d’adapter la ville à des impératifs de circulation. Cette injonction est sous-tendue par des arguments exprimés dans les termes validés par l’époque et à ce titre, impossible à remettre en cause sans proposition théorique qui correspond aux impératifs épistémologiques. L’urbanisme n’en a-t-il donc pas ? Que dit et comment se positionne l’urbanisme naissant sur ces enjeux, en tant que discipline qui revendique le statut de science dès la deuxième moitié du XIXᵉ siècle ? C’est par l’entrée du ‘mouvement’ — en tant qu’ensemble composé de techniques, de pratiques et de représentations — que ce travail aborde la question, étant donnée la charge culturelle et axiologique associée à la technique, mais aussi celle des concepts de ‘transport’ ou de ‘mobilité’. Et c’est aux discours textuels que ce travail s’intéresse, comme contenant d’expression de la norme et du sens, pour pénétrer l’univers épistémologique du rapport que la discipline entretient avec le mouvement. L’hypothèse de ce travail a d’abord été celle de la place théorique centrale de la question du mouvement dans les propositions de l’urbanisme naissant, qui cherche les objets et les outils qui le forgeront comme science. Ensuite, on soupçonne que les propositions théoriques des urbanistes, ancrées dans un univers de sens constitué sur le temps long, font preuve de trop de prudence et de nuance pour un contexte emprunt de positivisme et de solutions La proposition théorique est testée par l’analyse du discours de dix-sept ‘textes normatifs en urbanisme’ datant de 1849 à 1916 et une étude historiographique parallèle dont on a déduit cinq grands moments de placement du sens situés entre le XVIIᵉ siècle et les années 1930. Il ressort de l’analyse que le mouvement occupe une place centrale dans le discours de l’urbanisme naissant entre les années 1849 et 1916 : les références au mouvement sont omniprésentes dans les textes, elles constituent l’occasion de discussions autant sur les méthodes autant que sur les objets de la science naissante. Des traces des moments de placement du sens sont de plus observables dans les textes à travers les représentations. Ils apparaissent à ce titre comme des témoins de ces sens du mouvement qui fondent beaucoup d’évidences et de normes et qui ne lui permettent pas, dans une certaine mesure, d’exprimer de solution claire et épistémologiquement valables face aux problèmes urbains du début du XXᵉ siècle. / This research started as the result of an observation: a recent appearance of the question of 'transportation' in the context of urban education and its rapid replacement by that of 'mobility'. This is a surprising observation, especially given the obvious links between the city and ‘transportation’ or ‘mobility’ issues: infrastructures, networks, circulation spaces, transport of people and goods, etc. Surprising to a greater degree when reading the founding authors of the discipline; their writings show that they all address these matters. Therefore, I wonder: where did ‘transportation’ go during the 20th century? A preliminary assumption is that the period of 1920 was a pivotal moment in the creation of a technicist thought, especially in the face of the automotive threat. This period will lead to the birth of traffic engineering which is given the task to adapt the city to circulation necessities following theoretical propositions that conform with the epistemological imperatives. Does Urban Planning not have any? As a discipline that longs for a science status since the second half of the 19th century, what does the emerging Urban Planning realm say about ‘transportation’ and where does it stand in this regard? This research tackles the previous question through the concept of ‘movement’, which is understood as technics, practices and representations to avoid the cultural and axiological baggage associated not only with ‘technic’, but also with the concepts of ‘transportation’ or ‘mobility’. Therefore, this work focuses on the textual discourses as being the place where norm and meaning are expressed, the point being to enter the epistemological realm that establishes the relationship between Urban Planning and ‘movement’. The purpose of this research was first, to theoretically position the question of ‘movement’ in the emerging Urban Planning discipline. Second, I suspected that the theoretical propositions of the first ‘urban planners’ where embedded in deep epistemological references about movement. Discourse analysis was used on seventeen ‘normative texts in Urban Planning’ written between 1849 and 1916. In addition, a historiographic study was conducted, through which five moments are revealed. These moments are associated with different meanings of movement between the 17th century and the 1930s. The result of this analysis leads to the fact that ‘movement’ clearly occupies a central place in the Urban Planning discourse between 1849 and 1916 : it prompts discussions about methods as well as the essence of this emergent science. The selected texts also appear like witnesses of the changing meaning of ‘movement’ through traces of former identified moments. To some extent, the analysis also concludes that Urban Planning does not convey a clear and epistemologically valid solution to the 20th century’s urban problems : early urban planners have proved to be very prudent and full of nuances in a positivist and technicist context. This constitutes a clue as to why the planning propositions could not compete with the traffic engineering solutions.

Das wichtigste Vorhaben dieser Doktorarbeit ist die Erfassung und Erörterung der Vermittlerrolle der Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre in den Jahren 1896 bis 1930 bei der Übernahme von in Deutschland ungefähr ab Mitte des 19. Jh. vebreiteten Ideen zur Städtebau. Die Arbeit trägt insofern zur Diskussion der wichtigsten Gedankenansätze die in Deutschland zu Stadt und Städtebau entwickelt wurden bei, als sie erläutert wodurch diese Nation zum Vorreiter in einem von durch den Industrialisierungsprozess verursachten Problemen geprägten Szenarium wurde. Das Städtebau-Konzept wurde in diesem Zusammenhang ausgiebig genutzt, in Anlehnung an die noch junge Disziplin die der Erbauung der Stadt gewidmet war. Da sich die Arbeit mit Porto Alegre befasst, beschreibt sie die Stadt im Kontext kurz vor und nach der letzten Jahrhundertwende wobei angestrebt wird, die starke deutsche Prägung und den daraus resultierneden Kulturaustausch in Verbindung mit der sozioökonomischen Entwicklung der Landeshauptstadt zu bringen. Davon ausgehend macht sich die Arbeit die Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre und ihre Ingenieure, zur Zeit der República Velha zu Nutze um die historischen Erzählstränge zusammenführen zu können, indem sowohl ihre Beziehungen zum Deutschen als auch die Lehre was städtebauliche Fragen betrifft beleuchtet werden. Um belegen zu können dass deutsche Städtebau-Ideen über die Schule eingeführt wurden, wird untersucht welche Ansichten kursierten und auf welche Weise oder über welche Träger sie bis zu ihr gelangten. Abschliessend stellt die Arbeit Persönlichkeiten vor die sowohl direkt mit der Escola de Engenharia als auch unmittelbar mit deutschem Gedankengut in Kontakt kamen und analysiert den Beitrag dieser Personen zur Verbreitung dieses Gedankenguts in Porto Alegre. / O objetivo principal desta tese é compreender e discutir o papel da Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre, entre os anos de 1896 e 1930, como um canal para a introdução das ideias sobre a construção de cidades, segundo o urbanismo difundido na Alemanha, a partir de meados do século XIX. Para tanto, o trabalho traz à discussão as principais ideias sobre a cidade e sobre o urbanismo desenvolvidas na Alemanha, para compreender o que levou esta nação a se tornar protagonista em um cenário constituído por problemas causados pelo processo de industrialização. O conceito der Städtebau foi intensamente utilizado neste contexto, em referência à nova disciplina relativa à construção de cidades. Em se tratando da cidade de Porto Alegre, o trabalho apresenta o seu contexto, em fins do século XIX e início do século XX, procurando correlacionar a forte presença teuta com o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico da capital, assim como com as trocas culturais. A partir disso, o estudo adota a Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre e seus engenheiros, no período da República Velha, como meio de conduzir a narrativa histórica, analisando as correlações da Escola, tanto com a presença teuta, quanto com as questões urbanas. A fim de verificar a presença de ideias sobre o urbanismo germânico através da Escola, a pesquisa investiga quais as ideias que circularam, assim como os meios ou veículos pelos quais estas ideias chegaram até ela. Por fim, a pesquisa identifica personagens que, por um lado, criaram vínculos com a Escola de Engenharia, e, por outro, tiveram contato com o ideário germânico, e analisa as contribuições destes personagens com a difusão deste ideário em Porto Alegre. / The main objective of this thesis is to understand and discuss the role of the School of Engineering from Porto Alegre, between the years 1896 and 1930, as a channel for the introduction of ideas about the construction of cities, according to the urbanism widespread in Germany, from the mid-nineteenth century. Thus, the work brings to discussion the main ideas about the city and the urbanism developed in Germany to understand what led this nation to be a protagonist in a scenario constituted by problems caused by the industrialization process. The concept der Städtebau was used extensively in this context in reference to the new discipline on the construction of cities. In the case of Porto Alegre, the paper presents its context, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, trying to correlate the strong Germanic presence with the socio-economic development of the capital, as well as with its cultural exchanges. From this, the study adopts the School of Engineering from Porto Alegre and its engineers in the period of the Old Republic, as a means of conducting historical narrative, analyzing the correlations of the School, both with the Germanic presence, as with urban issues. In order to verify the presence of the Germanic ideas about urbanism throughout the School, the research investigates which ideas circulated, as well as the means or vehicles by which these ideas have come to it. Finally, the research identifies characters that, on one side, established links with the School of Engineering, and, on the other, had contact with the Germanic ideology, and analyzes the contributions of these characters to the spreading of this ideology in Porto Alegre.

Das wichtigste Vorhaben dieser Doktorarbeit ist die Erfassung und Erörterung der Vermittlerrolle der Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre in den Jahren 1896 bis 1930 bei der Übernahme von in Deutschland ungefähr ab Mitte des 19. Jh. vebreiteten Ideen zur Städtebau. Die Arbeit trägt insofern zur Diskussion der wichtigsten Gedankenansätze die in Deutschland zu Stadt und Städtebau entwickelt wurden bei, als sie erläutert wodurch diese Nation zum Vorreiter in einem von durch den Industrialisierungsprozess verursachten Problemen geprägten Szenarium wurde. Das Städtebau-Konzept wurde in diesem Zusammenhang ausgiebig genutzt, in Anlehnung an die noch junge Disziplin die der Erbauung der Stadt gewidmet war. Da sich die Arbeit mit Porto Alegre befasst, beschreibt sie die Stadt im Kontext kurz vor und nach der letzten Jahrhundertwende wobei angestrebt wird, die starke deutsche Prägung und den daraus resultierneden Kulturaustausch in Verbindung mit der sozioökonomischen Entwicklung der Landeshauptstadt zu bringen. Davon ausgehend macht sich die Arbeit die Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre und ihre Ingenieure, zur Zeit der República Velha zu Nutze um die historischen Erzählstränge zusammenführen zu können, indem sowohl ihre Beziehungen zum Deutschen als auch die Lehre was städtebauliche Fragen betrifft beleuchtet werden. Um belegen zu können dass deutsche Städtebau-Ideen über die Schule eingeführt wurden, wird untersucht welche Ansichten kursierten und auf welche Weise oder über welche Träger sie bis zu ihr gelangten. Abschliessend stellt die Arbeit Persönlichkeiten vor die sowohl direkt mit der Escola de Engenharia als auch unmittelbar mit deutschem Gedankengut in Kontakt kamen und analysiert den Beitrag dieser Personen zur Verbreitung dieses Gedankenguts in Porto Alegre. / O objetivo principal desta tese é compreender e discutir o papel da Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre, entre os anos de 1896 e 1930, como um canal para a introdução das ideias sobre a construção de cidades, segundo o urbanismo difundido na Alemanha, a partir de meados do século XIX. Para tanto, o trabalho traz à discussão as principais ideias sobre a cidade e sobre o urbanismo desenvolvidas na Alemanha, para compreender o que levou esta nação a se tornar protagonista em um cenário constituído por problemas causados pelo processo de industrialização. O conceito der Städtebau foi intensamente utilizado neste contexto, em referência à nova disciplina relativa à construção de cidades. Em se tratando da cidade de Porto Alegre, o trabalho apresenta o seu contexto, em fins do século XIX e início do século XX, procurando correlacionar a forte presença teuta com o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico da capital, assim como com as trocas culturais. A partir disso, o estudo adota a Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre e seus engenheiros, no período da República Velha, como meio de conduzir a narrativa histórica, analisando as correlações da Escola, tanto com a presença teuta, quanto com as questões urbanas. A fim de verificar a presença de ideias sobre o urbanismo germânico através da Escola, a pesquisa investiga quais as ideias que circularam, assim como os meios ou veículos pelos quais estas ideias chegaram até ela. Por fim, a pesquisa identifica personagens que, por um lado, criaram vínculos com a Escola de Engenharia, e, por outro, tiveram contato com o ideário germânico, e analisa as contribuições destes personagens com a difusão deste ideário em Porto Alegre. / The main objective of this thesis is to understand and discuss the role of the School of Engineering from Porto Alegre, between the years 1896 and 1930, as a channel for the introduction of ideas about the construction of cities, according to the urbanism widespread in Germany, from the mid-nineteenth century. Thus, the work brings to discussion the main ideas about the city and the urbanism developed in Germany to understand what led this nation to be a protagonist in a scenario constituted by problems caused by the industrialization process. The concept der Städtebau was used extensively in this context in reference to the new discipline on the construction of cities. In the case of Porto Alegre, the paper presents its context, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, trying to correlate the strong Germanic presence with the socio-economic development of the capital, as well as with its cultural exchanges. From this, the study adopts the School of Engineering from Porto Alegre and its engineers in the period of the Old Republic, as a means of conducting historical narrative, analyzing the correlations of the School, both with the Germanic presence, as with urban issues. In order to verify the presence of the Germanic ideas about urbanism throughout the School, the research investigates which ideas circulated, as well as the means or vehicles by which these ideas have come to it. Finally, the research identifies characters that, on one side, established links with the School of Engineering, and, on the other, had contact with the Germanic ideology, and analyzes the contributions of these characters to the spreading of this ideology in Porto Alegre.

Das wichtigste Vorhaben dieser Doktorarbeit ist die Erfassung und Erörterung der Vermittlerrolle der Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre in den Jahren 1896 bis 1930 bei der Übernahme von in Deutschland ungefähr ab Mitte des 19. Jh. vebreiteten Ideen zur Städtebau. Die Arbeit trägt insofern zur Diskussion der wichtigsten Gedankenansätze die in Deutschland zu Stadt und Städtebau entwickelt wurden bei, als sie erläutert wodurch diese Nation zum Vorreiter in einem von durch den Industrialisierungsprozess verursachten Problemen geprägten Szenarium wurde. Das Städtebau-Konzept wurde in diesem Zusammenhang ausgiebig genutzt, in Anlehnung an die noch junge Disziplin die der Erbauung der Stadt gewidmet war. Da sich die Arbeit mit Porto Alegre befasst, beschreibt sie die Stadt im Kontext kurz vor und nach der letzten Jahrhundertwende wobei angestrebt wird, die starke deutsche Prägung und den daraus resultierneden Kulturaustausch in Verbindung mit der sozioökonomischen Entwicklung der Landeshauptstadt zu bringen. Davon ausgehend macht sich die Arbeit die Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre und ihre Ingenieure, zur Zeit der República Velha zu Nutze um die historischen Erzählstränge zusammenführen zu können, indem sowohl ihre Beziehungen zum Deutschen als auch die Lehre was städtebauliche Fragen betrifft beleuchtet werden. Um belegen zu können dass deutsche Städtebau-Ideen über die Schule eingeführt wurden, wird untersucht welche Ansichten kursierten und auf welche Weise oder über welche Träger sie bis zu ihr gelangten. Abschliessend stellt die Arbeit Persönlichkeiten vor die sowohl direkt mit der Escola de Engenharia als auch unmittelbar mit deutschem Gedankengut in Kontakt kamen und analysiert den Beitrag dieser Personen zur Verbreitung dieses Gedankenguts in Porto Alegre. / O objetivo principal desta tese é compreender e discutir o papel da Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre, entre os anos de 1896 e 1930, como um canal para a introdução das ideias sobre a construção de cidades, segundo o urbanismo difundido na Alemanha, a partir de meados do século XIX. Para tanto, o trabalho traz à discussão as principais ideias sobre a cidade e sobre o urbanismo desenvolvidas na Alemanha, para compreender o que levou esta nação a se tornar protagonista em um cenário constituído por problemas causados pelo processo de industrialização. O conceito der Städtebau foi intensamente utilizado neste contexto, em referência à nova disciplina relativa à construção de cidades. Em se tratando da cidade de Porto Alegre, o trabalho apresenta o seu contexto, em fins do século XIX e início do século XX, procurando correlacionar a forte presença teuta com o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico da capital, assim como com as trocas culturais. A partir disso, o estudo adota a Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre e seus engenheiros, no período da República Velha, como meio de conduzir a narrativa histórica, analisando as correlações da Escola, tanto com a presença teuta, quanto com as questões urbanas. A fim de verificar a presença de ideias sobre o urbanismo germânico através da Escola, a pesquisa investiga quais as ideias que circularam, assim como os meios ou veículos pelos quais estas ideias chegaram até ela. Por fim, a pesquisa identifica personagens que, por um lado, criaram vínculos com a Escola de Engenharia, e, por outro, tiveram contato com o ideário germânico, e analisa as contribuições destes personagens com a difusão deste ideário em Porto Alegre. / The main objective of this thesis is to understand and discuss the role of the School of Engineering from Porto Alegre, between the years 1896 and 1930, as a channel for the introduction of ideas about the construction of cities, according to the urbanism widespread in Germany, from the mid-nineteenth century. Thus, the work brings to discussion the main ideas about the city and the urbanism developed in Germany to understand what led this nation to be a protagonist in a scenario constituted by problems caused by the industrialization process. The concept der Städtebau was used extensively in this context in reference to the new discipline on the construction of cities. In the case of Porto Alegre, the paper presents its context, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, trying to correlate the strong Germanic presence with the socio-economic development of the capital, as well as with its cultural exchanges. From this, the study adopts the School of Engineering from Porto Alegre and its engineers in the period of the Old Republic, as a means of conducting historical narrative, analyzing the correlations of the School, both with the Germanic presence, as with urban issues. In order to verify the presence of the Germanic ideas about urbanism throughout the School, the research investigates which ideas circulated, as well as the means or vehicles by which these ideas have come to it. Finally, the research identifies characters that, on one side, established links with the School of Engineering, and, on the other, had contact with the Germanic ideology, and analyzes the contributions of these characters to the spreading of this ideology in Porto Alegre.

The thesis brings urban planning and sustainable development. Introduces low-energy construction and its types. Closer focuses on self- sufficient house, describing his characteristics, principles, and selection of suitable location. Finally, the work addresses the legislation associated with the placement of a self-sufficient house on suitable parcel.

Cette thèse porte sur la pratique de l’urbanisme en contexte d’assistance technique Nord-Sud à partir de l’étude de deux projets récents d’aide au développement en Palestine. Ce travail de recherche se penche plus particulièrement sur l’action d’experts et les interactions entre professionnels de l’aménagement palestiniens et italiens dans le cadre de la phase de mise en œuvre technique de deux projets récents d’assistance au développement : le « Jericho Master Plan » et le « Regeneration of Historic Centers in Local Government Units ». L’objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre comment des urbanistes de provenances différentes interagissent dans le cadre d’une activité professionnelle internationale. Plus particulièrement, cette étude s’intéresse à comment la « pratique réfléchie » des professionnels est influencée à la fois par le contexte interculturel et par le cadre d’action établi par l’instrument-projet de développement. La thèse analyse le travail de mise en œuvre technique effectué par les praticiens palestiniens et italiens en tant « qu’histoires et cultures urbanistiques, en action et en situation ». Par cette devise, j’envisage la pratique professionnelle comme le résultat de l’interaction de plusieurs facteurs : i) les cultures professionnelles, dont les urbanistes palestiniens et italiens sont porteurs, façonnées au fil du temps par l’évolution historique de la pratique urbanistique dans leur pays d’origine; ii) les aléas et les mécanismes propres à l’action située, qui est interprétée comme un exercice rhétorique d’évaluation et de persuasion; iii) les contraintes imposées par le cadre situationnel de l’action, à savoir l’instrument-projet en tant que format de l’assistance technique. La stratégie de recherche se base sur une approche par extended case method. La matière principale de l’analyse est constituée par les récits détaillés de pratique professionnelle, collectés selon la manière expérimentée par John Forester (2012). Ces histoires d’action professionnelle ont été sollicitées avec l’appui des documents officiels de projet (rapports, plans, documents de synthèses, etc.) sur lesquels ces praticiens ont travaillé, utilisés en guise d’aide-mémoire et d’outils d’élicitation. Les récits ainsi collectés ont été interprétés à travers la lentille conceptuelle illustrée plus haut, selon laquelle la pratique experte est envisagée comme le résultat d’une série de choix influencés, tant par des facteurs culturels « de structure », que par des facteurs « de situation ». L’interaction entre ces facteurs, jouant entre différentes échelles et temporalités, est appréciée selon la posture constructiviste et empiriste théorisée par la sociologie pragmatique. Cette analyse historico-culturaliste et situationnelle des récits d’action professionnelle d’urbanistes palestiniens et italiens en contexte d’assistance technique, dévoile une pratique conditionnée par des cadres cognitifs et normatifs enracinés dans les histoires nationales de la planification respectives des urbanistes. L’action professionnelle est également handicapée par un manque de connaissances contextuelles difficile à combler et aux prises avec les logiques contradictoires de l’aide au développement. Finalement, les récits des experts révèlent une posture professionnelle animée par un esprit pédagogique et missionnaire, marqué par une tension entre volonté d’adaptation au contexte local et désir d’œuvrer pour son changement. / The thesis investigates the practice of urban planning in the context of North-to-South technical assistance focusing on two recent development aid projects in Palestine. The research focuses on the analysis of situated professional action and, in particular, on the interactions between practitioners from Italy and Palestine, working together on the technical implementation of two aid projects selected as study cases: “Jericho Master Plan” and “Regeneration of Historic Centers in Local Government Units”. This research aims to better understand how the different backgrounds of urban planners coming from different countries influence their professional practice and to which extent the development aid project as the context of action affects this practice. The practice of urban planning in the context of international technical assistance is appreciated as an activity characterized by an intercultural context and a specific institutional frame. Thus, this research envisions professional practice as “planning histories and cultures, in action and in situation”, that is an analytical framework that envisions that particular planners’ practice as : i) an activity influenced by the professional cultures of local and international professionals deeply rooted in the respective national planning histories; ii) a discursive professional practice interpreted as a rhetoric exercise of both evaluation and persuasion.; iii) an activity shaped by the obligations to deal with a peculiar context of action, i.e. the development project. The research strategy is based on an extended case method approach, centred on the analysis of “planning stories”, an ethnographic method to collect thick accounts of the actual professional practice of urban planners pioneered by John Forester (2012). Official documents have been used as elicitation instruments. The actual situated practice, as it emerges from those “planning stories”, is analyzed using this double analytical framework, as an activity influenced by the mutual interaction of factors originating at different scales and temporalities: structural ones, i.e. the historically shaped planning cultures, and situational ones, i.e. the specific institutional frame and the aleatory circumstances. The interaction between those factors is appreciated with the constructivist and empiricist posture advocated by the pragmatist sociology. This historically grounded, culturalist and contextual analysis of the reflexive professional action of Palestinian and Italian planners engaged in a technical assistance project reveals a practice deeply influenced by normative and cognitive frameworks, rooted in the respective national planning histories. Professional action appears as equally hindered by the lack of contextual knowledge and the contradictory logic the development aid industry. Finally, planners’ stories reveal a professional posture animated by a pedagogical and missionary attitude, marked by a tension between the necessity to adapt to the local context and a generalized will to improve, to work for better cities.

En av huvudmålen med arbetet var att få ökad förståelse för hur medborgarnas makt och inflytande utvecklats historiskt inom stadsplanering. Jag var även intresserad av arkitektens roll i denna process. Jag ville som arkitekt, med stadsplanering som huvudfokus, hitta intressanta vägar att arbeta med medborgare och medborgargrupper och att förstå hur ett reellt lokalt inflytande kan ta form. Därför har jag försökt titta på relationer mellan medborgare, arkitekter, planerare, organisationer och kommun/stat. Jag drevs av en övertygelse att jag lättare kommer att finna argument för mina ”sociala ambitioner” som arkitekt om jag förstår de historiska processerna bakom medborgardeltagandet i både Sverige och ur ett internationellt perspektiv. Jag har undersökt olika historiska och nutida exempel från Sverige, Storbritannien och USA och försökt förstå vad och hur olika idéer hänger samman över tid och mellan länder. Anledningen till att jag valde Storbritannien och USA är att de har producerat flera betydelsefulla grupper och organisationer som just arbetar med medborgarinflytande och medborgarmakt. Examensarbetet presenterades som en utställning som består av- förutom en stor mängd informativt och illustrativt material kring ovannämnd tematik- en vagn och två filmer som jag själv producerat, regisserat och klippt. Filmerna skildrar Alternativ Stad respektive Stadsdelsrådet i Hökarängen. Vagnen är ”en nomadisk installation” som kan ta olika utformningar, stor eller liten, kort eller lång och som kan knytas till flera platser och möjligtvis även delta i en större utställning under temat medborgarmakt och stadsplanering. Som fysisk form är det potentiellt ett mobilt mötesrum, ett utställningsrum, en utställning, ett arkiv, ett bibliotek, en mobil forskningsenhet, en utbildningsenhet, en mobil institution, ett föreläsningsrum samt ett verktyg för urban pedagogik. / One of the main goals of my thesis was to gain further understanding of how citizens' power and influence developed historically in planning. I was also interested in the role of the architect in this process. I wanted as an architect, with urban planning as main interest, to find interesting ways to work with citizens and citizen groups and to understand how real local influence can take shape. Therefore I have tried to look at relationships between citizens, architects, planners, NGOs and local government/state. I was driven by a belief that I will more easily find arguments for my “social ambitions” if I understand the historical processes of citizen participation in both Sweden and abroad. I have examined various historical and contemporary examples from Sweden, the UK and the USA and I have tried to understand what and how different ideas are linked over time and between countries. The reason I chose the UK and the USA is that they have produced several important groups and organizations currently working with citizen participation and citizen power. The thesis was presented as an exhibition containing- besides a large amount of informative and illustrative material relating to the above thematics- a wagon and two films that I produced, directed and edited. The films portray the activist group Alternativ Stad and the association Stadsdelsrådet from Hökarängen (a Stockholm suburb). The wagon is "a nomadic installation" that can take various forms, big or small, short or long, which can be linked to multiple locations and possibly even participate in a major exhibition on the theme of citizen power and urban planning. As a physical form, it is potentially a mobile meeting room, an exhibition space, an exhibition, an archive, a library, a mobile research unit, a training unit, a mobile institution, a lecture hall and a tool for urban pedagogy.