Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar práticas de torcedores de futebol com relação aos novos estádios brasileiros, inaugurados para a Copa do Mundo de 2014. Para tanto, analisa-se o período compreendido como de mudança no local dos jogos da equipe do Sport Club Corinthians Paulista na cidade de São Paulo: o Estádio do Pacaembu e a Arena Corinthians. A realização da pesquisa de campo centralizou-se no acompanhamento das atividades dos torcedores em dias de jogos, situações em que as diferenças entre os locais puderam ser observadas a partir da ação. Destaca-se a circulação dos atores pela cidade com o intuito de problematizar não só aspectos da atuação destes no interior das praças esportivas, como implicações decorrentes nos usos de espaços e equipamentos urbanos. A partir das situações observadas, temas como representações da cidade, formas de torcer e consumos específicos foram entrecruzados ao longo da etnografia e, por meio do acompanhamento de distintos agrupamentos de torcedores, em diferentes estádios e locais da cidade, foi possível classificar dicotomias: torcedor organizado/sócio torcedor, transporte público/veículo particular, estádio/arena, Pacaembu/Itaquera. Pode-se, desta maneira, averiguar regularidades na atuação dos sujeitos que passaram por impactos decorrentes da mudança de estádios, bem como, entremeios que despolarizam tais noções dicotômicas. Trata-se, por fim, de investigar mudanças mais amplas no modo de conceber o espectador do futebol de espetáculo. / This research investigates practices of soccer supporters concerning new Brazilian stadiums, opened for the 2014 World Cup. The period analyzed was the change in the place of Sport Club Corinthians Paulista games: Estádio do Pacaembu (Pacaembu Stadium) and Arena Corinthians (Corinthians Arena). The field research was based on the accompaniment of supporters activities on game days, when the differences between places could be observed from the action. The flow of actors through the city is highlighted in order to question not only their action inside the sports arenas, but also implications from the uses of urban spaces and facilities. From the situations observed, subjects as city representation, supporting ways and specific consumption have been crossed along the ethnography and by following different supporters groups in different stadiums and city places, some dichotomies may be classified, such as: organized supporter/associated supporter, public transport/private vehicle, stadium/arena, Pacaembu/Itaquera. So, it was possible to verify regular actions of those subjects that have passed through impacts due to the change in stadium as well as clarify such dichotomy ideas. Finally, wide changes have been investigated in the way of conceiving the spectators of soccer spectacle.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 6980166 bytes, checksum: 866dbac8fe25c9c357c7f2a0dee0edb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This doctoral thesis discusses the transformations by which the city of Manaus has passed since the execution of a Free Trade Zone in the late 1960 until the present day. Starting from a reflection on the changes in a specific space, the area now called Manaus Moderna , this research seeks to understand the social and historical meanings of these changes and how they were seized and what meanings they had for the different social groups that constitute it. From a wide range of sources such as newspapers, photographs, oral sources and official sources, we performed an analysis of changes in this space, to reflect, above all, the moments of greatest stress. Thus, analyzing plans for recent interventions, such as Town Centre Living and Clash of Order , and talking to workers who work in that spaciousness, undertook a discussion about changes in the assumptions of public policies on intervention in public space, the meanings attributed to that area by some social groups and how they understand and treat these interventions. The research aims to reflect, too, upon the meanings of the construction of Beira Rio Avenue (Manaus Moderna Avenue), which, having been planned in the 1970s, was not carried over from 1980, from a project modernizing developed by the state sector, in order to adapt the city to the new reality of the Free Trade Zone (the Project Manaus Moderna ). It is analyzed also from the memories of stallholders, their photographic collections news and in newspapers of the time, the meanings, tensions and disputes in these two important moments in the transformation of the dynamics of the current area of Manaus Moderna occurred in the interstitium from 1980 to 1991, namely the deactivation of the well-known Staircase s Fair and the implementation of Fair Jorge Teixeira (Manaus Moderna). It was possible to see, before this study that this area also is configured as an area of dispute for different social groups that go there by printing their brands and building the city daily / Este trabalho problematiza as transformações pela quais a cidade de Manaus tem passado desde a efetivação da Zona Franca, nos fins da década de 1960, até os dias atuais. Partindo de uma reflexão acerca das mudanças de um espaço específico, a área atualmente denominada Manaus Moderna , essa pesquisa busca compreender os sentidos sociais e históricos dessas transformações, bem como a forma como elas foram apreendidas e quais significados tiveram para parte dos diferentes grupos sociais que a constituem. A partir de uma gama variada de fontes, como jornais diários, fotografias, fontes orais e fontes oficiais, foi realizada uma análise das mudanças nesse espaço, procurando refletir, sobretudo, sobre os momentos de maiores tensões. Assim, analisando planos de intervenções recentes, como Centro Vivo e Choque de Ordem , e conversando com trabalhadores que atuam naquela espacialidade, empreendeu-se uma discussão sobre as mudanças nas premissas das políticas públicas quanto à intervenção no espaço público, os sentidos atribuídos àquela área por alguns grupos sociais e a forma como estes compreendem e tratam essas intervenções. A pesquisa busca refletir, também, acerca dos sentidos da construção da Avenida Beira Rio (Avenida Manaus Moderna), que, tendo sido gestada na década de 1970, só foi efetivada ao longo dos anos de 1980, a partir de um projeto modernizador desenvolvido pelo poder público estadual, com o intuito de adequar a cidade à nova realidade da Zona Franca (o Projeto Manaus Moderna ). Analisa-se, ainda, a partir das memórias de feirantes, de seus acervos fotográficos e de notícias veiculadas em jornais da época, os significados, as tensões e as disputas presentes em dois momentos importantes na transformação da dinâmica da atual área da Manaus Moderna , ocorridos no interstício de 1980 a 1991, quais sejam a desativação da chamada Feira da Escadaria e a implantação da Feira Cel. Jorge Teixeira (Manaus Moderna). Foi possível perceber, diante deste estudo, que esse espaço ainda se configura enquanto espaço de disputas para diferentes grupos sociais que vão imprimindo ali suas marcas e construindo a cidade cotidianamente

Esta pesquisa investiga o impacto de edificações do tipo “construído para alugar” na estética e no uso dos espaços urbanos consolidados e predominantemente residenciais, a partir da avaliação de diferentes grupos de indivíduos. O problema da pesquisa reside na inserção destas estruturas e de suas atividades comerciais em ambientes construídos sem que se saiba seu real impacto na qualidade visual e de uso do ambiente construído. Assim, o objetivo é analisar e comparar níveis de satisfação e preferências estéticas de cenas, nos períodos diurno e noturno, com edificações do tipo “construído para alugar” e cenas com as edificações substituídas, considerando que podem existir diferenças entre as avaliações de indivíduos com diferentes tipos e níveis de formação acadêmica e diferentes níveis de familiaridade. Também, é objetivo identificar os níveis de satisfação com a localização das diferentes atividades das edificações tipo “construído para alugar”, nos entornos predominantemente residenciais, e averiguar se esta tipologia é satisfatória para o desempenho das atividades que abriga, de acordo com diferentes grupos de indivíduos relacionados à estas estruturas. Para tanto, são selecionados nove exemplares localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre-RS. Os métodos de coleta de dados fazem parte dos utilizados na área de estudos Ambiente e Comportamento, sistematizados por meio de levantamentos de arquivo e levantamentos de campo, questionários e entrevistas. A análise de dados é realizada através de testes estatísticos não-paramétricos. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram que a estética das cenas urbanas é avaliada de acordo com o nível de estímulo visual e ordenamento de tais cenas, independentemente do nível de formação ou familiaridade dos indivíduos. Ainda, revelam que a tipologia “construído para alugar” não impacta de maneira positiva na estética dos seus entornos, principalmente para os moradores destes entornos, pois sua aparência tende a carecer de estímulo visual e de relação ordenada com seus entornos. Por outro lado, os resultados demonstram que as atividades comerciais destas edificações, em especial as de primeiras necessidades e de consumo imediato, são percebidas como muito adequadas para os entornos residências, devido à existência de demanda e a sua contribuição para o movimento qualitativo de pessoas nos espaços urbanos. Em complemento, os resultados revelam que as edificações são muito satisfatórias quanto aos espaços internos devido à flexibilidade e quantidade de espaço, e suas localizações têm influência no desempenho de suas atividades, que ocorrem de maneira satisfatória. Contudo, a tipologia tende a possuir acesso para usuários e áreas de estacionamento insatisfatórias, além de apresentar problemas relacionados ao conforto térmico. Por fim, espera-se que os dados obtidos possam contribuir para a qualificação dos espaços urbanos, objetivando atender melhor às necessidades dos indivíduos quanto à estética e ao uso do ambiente construído. / This research investigates the impact of "built for rent" buildings on aesthetics and on use of consolidated and predominantly residential urban spaces, based on the evaluation of different groups of individuals. The research problem deals with the insertion of these structures and their commercial activities in built environments without the knowledge of their real impact on the visual quality and use of the built environment. Therefore, the objective is to analyze and compare satisfaction levels and aesthetic preferences of scenes, during day and night periods, of “built for rent” buildings, and scenes with substituted buildings, considering that there may be differences between the evaluations from individuals with different types and levels of education, and different levels of familiarity. The research also intends to identify levels of satisfaction with location of the different activities of "built for rent" buildings within predominantly residential environments, and to investigate if this typology is satisfactory for the performance of its activities, according to different groups of individuals related to these structures. For this purpose, nine buildings located in the city of Porto Alegre-RS are selected. Data gathering procedures are part of those in the Environment and Behavior area of study, which includes archival records, field surveys, questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis was carried out through non-parametric statistical tests. The results of this research demonstrate that urban scenes are evaluated according to the level of visual stimulus and ordering of such scenes, regardless of the level of academic education or familiarity of the individuals. Furthermore, they reveal that the "built for rent" typology does not have a positive impact on the aesthetics of their environments, especially for the residents of these environments, since its appearance tends to lack visual stimulation and orderly relation with their surroundings. On the other hand, the results show that commercial activities of these buildings, especially those of first necessity and of immediate consumption, are perceived as very suitable for residential environments, due to the existence of demand and the contribution to the qualitative movement of people in the urban spaces. In addition, the results show that the interior area of the buildings are very adequate for their activities, due to the flexibility and quantity of space, and their locations have influence the performance of their activities, which occur in a satisfactory way. However, the typology tends to have an unsatisfactory access and parking areas for its users, as well as presents problems related to internal thermal comfort. In conclusion, it is expected that the results obtained can contribute to the qualification of urban spaces, aiming to better meet the needs of individuals regarding to aesthetics and the use of urban space.

A pesquisa parte da análise dos múltiplos sentidos atribuídos à prática da modalidade street skate em São Paulo. Por meio da etnografia pretende-se evidenciar não só aspectos em torno do exercício de uma prática esportiva, mas, sobretudo, as implicações em virtude dos usos e apropriações dos espaços urbanos por parte dos citadinos. De uma forma bem ampla, vislumbra-se mostrar como a cidade pode ser lida e ordenada simbolicamente por meio de um olhar skatista. A partir do trabalho de campo realizado pretendeu-se descrever, analisar e acompanhar até onde fosse possível o que perpassou as redes criadas através de um evento chamado Circuito Sampa Skate. Nesse sentido, ao pesquisar os diversos lugares skatáveis da cidade e seus respectivos picos, a referência etnográfica não é um único espaço ou aglutinações de pessoas, mas sim, uma multiplicidade de espaços e de atores que se encontram articulados por meio de redes mais amplas de relações. Desse modo, tem-se a chance de relacionar os distintos recortes inseridos no universo do street skate em São Paulo, sendo esse não definido a priori, mas construído a partir de discursos, práticas e representações heterogêneas, e em meio a uma dinâmica relacional que se manifesta situacionalmente. / This study part of the analysis of the multiple meanings attributed to the practice of street skateboarding in São Paulo. Through ethnography aims to highlight not only issues surrounding the practice of a sport, but mainly the implications of the uses and appropriations of urban space; and how the city can be read symbolically and ordered through a olhar skatista. From the fieldwork was intended to describe, analyze and follow as far as possible what was passed overt the networks created through an event called Circuito Sampa Skate. In this sense, to research the various lugares skatáveis of the city and their respective picos, the reference is not an ethnographic single space or clumps of people, but rather a multiplicity of spaces and actor that are articulated through wider networks of relations. Thus, there is a chance to relate the different cuttings of the universe of street skateboarding in São Paulo, this is not defined a priori, but constructed out of discourses, practices and representations heterogeneous, and in the middle of a dynamic relational manifested situationally.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Holz Pfutzenreuter.pdf: 12954057 bytes, checksum: 5664e36d59e7c677eb0f15d14ed21263 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis discusses the organization and the quality of urban space as a possibility for meetings, events and simultaneous coexistence of differences, and especially as a means to stimulate the interaction between generations and enhancing the quality of life within an increasingly long-lived society. We analyze the projects ' age-friendly city " and UN " Accessible City 's Human Rights " of the Secretariat of Human Rights of Brazil, which generally grant titles to municipalities that adhere to their guidelines. Discusses the case of Joinville (SC), a town south of Brazil , which has been implementing a series of actions aimed at improving the accessibility of public spaces , focusing on the elderly, within a major Federal City Project Access program is Human rights . Without intending to compare the case of Jena, the municipality located in Thuringia, Germany, the region is presented in this thesis as an example of a systemic and continuous process of planning that meets the needs of intergenerational without being involved in the context of government programs giving titles to cities. Thus, the use of the principles of planning a City for All, Jan Gehl (2010), as a method of analysis and contextualization, extols the importance of the distribution of the functions of cities to integrate and provide unique experiences to people, inviting them to raise their stay in public spaces, improving their living conditions and psychosocial health, regardless the existing title, or projects proposed by the label. It is reiterated that a city cannot be judged merely by its applications on standards and technical specifications, but should consider the methodology of analysis in a holistic way and to understand the human dimension to the concept of quality of life in public spaces, which completely heterogeneous and individually should be treated collectively . / Esta tese discute a organização e a qualidade do espaço urbano como possibilidade de encontros, simultaneidade de acontecimentos e convívio das diferenças, e principalmente como meio para estimular a interação entre as gerações e o aumento da qualidade de vida no âmbito de uma sociedade cada vez mais longeva. Analisa-se os Projetos Cidade Amiga do Idoso da ONU e Cidade Acessível é Direitos Humanos da Secretaria dos Direitos Humanos do Brasil que em geral concedem títulos aos municípios que aderem às suas diretrizes. Discute-se o caso de Joinville (SC), município do sul do Brasil, que vem implementando um conjunto de ações voltadas para a melhoria da acessibilidade dos espaços públicos, com enfoque nos idosos, no âmbito de um importante programa federal Projeto Cidade Acessível é Direitos Humanos. Sem a pretensão de comparação, o caso de Jena, município situado na região da Turíngia, Alemanha, é apresentado nesta tese como um exemplo de um processo de planejamento sistêmico e contínuo que atende às necessidades da intergeracionalidade, sem estar envolvido no âmbito de programas governamentais que dão títulos às cidades. Dessa forma, a utilização dos princípios de planejamento de uma Cidade para Todos, de Jan Gehl (2010), como metodologia de análise e contextualização, enaltece a importância entre a distribuição das funções das cidades para integrar e prover experiências diferenciadas às pessoas, convidando-as a aumentar a sua permanência nos espaços públicos, melhorando suas condições de vida e salubridade psicossociais, indiferentemente ao título existente ou ao rótulo proposto pelos projetos. Reafirma-se que uma cidade não pode ser avaliada meramente por suas aplicações de normativas e especificações técnicas, mas deve considerar a metodologia de análise de uma forma holística e que compreenda a dimensão humana para o conceito de qualidade de vida nos espaços públicos, que de forma completamente heterogênea e individual deve ser tratada coletivamente.

A presente tese revela como a citadinidade é permeada por múltiplas configurações, enquadramentos, agenciamentos e contradições, além do jogo relacional entre estratégias e táticas que ocorre numa São Paulo considerada a partir de uma perspectiva citadina. A realização do skate de rua (street skate) constitui-se como foco de uma investigação que o trata não apenas como uma prática multifacetada que transcorre no urbano, mas, igualmente, como sendo uma própria prática do urbano transposta por resistências, transgressões, conflitos e negociações, enfim, por posicionamentos díspares frente às governanças que são feitas dos espaços da cidade. Desta forma objetiva-se analisar como os skatistas embaralham certos ordenamentos urbanos e põem em suspensão embelezamentos estratégicos de uma cidade gerenciada como mercadoria e voltada para práticas de cidadania que são englobadas sobretudo por lógicas de consumo. As abordagens etnográficas aqui contidas revelam ainda como jovens citadinos questionam premissas que permeiam lugares próprios marcados por esperadas univocidades e estabilidades por meio de suas artimanhas, percepções, maneiras e experiências e contribuem, assim, para a redefinição do espaço enquanto um lugar praticado com a apregoação de novas leituras e valores simbólicos. A São Paulo do skate, portanto, apresenta-se não como uma realidade definida a priori, como algo acabado e definido, mas em permanente construção em razão de seu caráter relacional e situacional. / This thesis explores the multiple configurations, distinct agencies, negotiations and contradictions which compose the fabric and fabrication of cities and urban lives. I particularly focus on the tactical negotiations developed by street skateboarders to overcome the restrictive urban policies in São Paulo city. I recognize tactics and strategies as powerful conceptual tools to analyses how the practice of street skateboarding involves struggles, resistances, transgressions, conflicts and negotiations, and different positions against the structures of power and control produced by urban government policies over the public areas. In other words, I examine how street skateboarders tactically resist certain urban planning and question some strategic embellishments of a metropolis managed by and for consumption interests. Thus I contribute to urban anthropology studies by revealing how skateboarders through their own perceptions, manners and experiences creatively challenge the premises which permeate proper places marked by expected univocalities and stabilities. My study argues that those young dwellers produce new approaches and symbolic values which contribute crucially to the redefinition of public space as a place practiced. The São Paulo of skateboarding, therefore, presents itself not as something finished and defined, but in permanent construction due to its relational and situational character.

Mobile technologies are the latest technologies in the realm of communication media. They have the potential to flatten the world by making it a place where gender, age, class, race and nationality can no longer hold us back from being heard and being informed. We have learned that these technologies can help to liberate and empower us, and they can lead to a collective cognition as much as they can distract us from what we need to know about the world we live in. In Greece thousands of years ago, a selected number of Greeks had a public space called the Agora to discuss the issues that concerned the public, meaning each and every citizen. They were the first to be able to create the space and place were the word “democracy” could be brought into language; the very word that was used to start a new war in the era of a communication revolution in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. There are still issues that concern the public today such as wars, global warming, homelessness or human rights which are all matters of our collective cognition. However, today in an age of information revolution the public life of people and their collective cognition is being exercised mostly in the virtual spaces of the Internet. Simultaneously, some physical spaces are being abandoned by people. This thesis investigates the possibility of having physical public spaces that are enriched with communication media and not weakened by it. If architects rethink their designs based on a new understanding of the networked society it might be possible to turn this “networked individualism” into a networked collectivism. However, most designed public spaces fail to offer new possibilities that can transform space for the new generation of users. Here, the aim is to understand a new generation of users. Who have they become as a result of new communication media? And how can architects design in a way that responds to this new subject in architecture?

Exploring Urban Spaces in the Young Imagination makes the case for taking seriously children's and young adult fiction as a topic worthy of scholarly analysis beyond a purely didactic focus. The recent explosion of interest in this literature among adult readers and the blurring of boundaries between adult and youth media demonstrate that it has become a powerful influence on popular culture and has captured the collective imagination. As the future inhabitants of urban spaces, paying close attention to children’s and youth perspectives can provide fresh lenses, with which to view the cultural construction of cityscapes. This dissertation examines post-millennium children’s and YA fiction and film. Drawing on theories of the spatial turn, my research provides five case studies on a variety of topics related to the contemporary metropolis – ranging from cognitive disability to environmental concerns. Specifically, it pays close attention to the inherent connections between the developing perceptions of metropolises and the various protagonists’ processes of identity formation. Beginning with Berlin, as portrayed in Andreas Steinhöfel’s popular Rico-und-Oskar-trilogy, my analysis explores the protagonist’s shifting perceptions of his urban surroundings while overcoming the limitations of his learning disability. Furthermore, my research shows how Steinhöfel’s Der mechanische Prinz utilizes the cityscape as a mirror for the protagonist’s psyche and how his knowledge of the Berlin subway system contributes to his self-healing. In contrast, China Miéville’s Un Lun Dun explores the ecocritical implications of London’s urban ‘other’, UnLondon. Katherine Marsh’s The Night Tourist and its sequel The Twilight Tourist illustrate the literary construction of New York City as a ‘mediascape’ and modern myth. Finally, I focus on alternative family structures and their connection to urban spaces, specifically Venice in Cornelia Funke’s Herr der Diebe, and Paris in Brian Selznick’s The Invention of Hugo Cabret. The study concludes with an examination of these novels’ filmic versions and their respective romanticisations of Venice and Paris. The dissertation contributes to the fields of child and youth studies and urban geographies by exposing the manifold symbiotic constructions of cityscapes and youth in post-2000 children’s and YA fiction that shape identities and spaces alike. / Thesis (Ph.D, German) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-02 16:56:36.507

The recent popularity of mass-market New Zealand historical fiction coincides with the increasing vocality of particular cultural discourses that resist the influence of revisionist histories on dominant understandings of national identity. This thesis examines how the depiction of colonial history in four such novels legitimates and sustains hegemonic understandings of New Zealand as culturally European. The novels analysed are The Denniston Rose (2003) by Jenny Pattrick, Tamar (2002) by Deborah Challinor, The Cost of Courage (2003) by Carol Thomas, and The Love Apple (2005) by Coral Atkinson. The cultural context in which these books have been produced is situated within a history of nationalist discourses and Raymond Williams’s theorisation of hegemonic cultural processes is employed to explain how contemporary national culture continues to rely on colonial principles that sustain settler cultural dominance. Close analysis of the temporal and geographical settings of the novels reveals how the portrayal of history in these novels evades colonial conquest and the Māori cultural presence. A comparison of the historical and contemporary cultural significance of the spatial settings employed in these novels – the wilderness, pastoral, and colonial urban spaces – highlights how these settings tacitly communicate that New Zealand is culturally European. Nevertheless, the problematic cultural legacies of colonialism still haunt these novels. The way in which the narratives resolve these issues reveals that hegemonic New Zealand identity is reliant on a dehistoricised view of settlement and therefore perpetually vulnerable to the intrusion of Māori memory.

Mobile technologies are the latest technologies in the realm of communication media. They have the potential to flatten the world by making it a place where gender, age, class, race and nationality can no longer hold us back from being heard and being informed. We have learned that these technologies can help to liberate and empower us, and they can lead to a collective cognition as much as they can distract us from what we need to know about the world we live in. In Greece thousands of years ago, a selected number of Greeks had a public space called the Agora to discuss the issues that concerned the public, meaning each and every citizen. They were the first to be able to create the space and place were the word “democracy” could be brought into language; the very word that was used to start a new war in the era of a communication revolution in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. There are still issues that concern the public today such as wars, global warming, homelessness or human rights which are all matters of our collective cognition. However, today in an age of information revolution the public life of people and their collective cognition is being exercised mostly in the virtual spaces of the Internet. Simultaneously, some physical spaces are being abandoned by people. This thesis investigates the possibility of having physical public spaces that are enriched with communication media and not weakened by it. If architects rethink their designs based on a new understanding of the networked society it might be possible to turn this “networked individualism” into a networked collectivism. However, most designed public spaces fail to offer new possibilities that can transform space for the new generation of users. Here, the aim is to understand a new generation of users. Who have they become as a result of new communication media? And how can architects design in a way that responds to this new subject in architecture?