With the deregulation of power industry and the market competition, reliable power supply and secured system operation are major concerns of the independent system operator (ISO). Power system operation under deregulated environment is very complicated with various possibilities of decisions involved. A robust and fast network analysis tool is one of important functions of conventional EMS, and this function will be reserved for the on-line analysis to deal with varied behaviors of the new deregulated environment. Firstly, a multiple-frequency three-phase load flow model was developed in this dissertation. There are two new sub-models including the fundamental power flow (FPF) and harmonic frequency power flow (HPF) model. In FPF, models of electrical elements and injected power on buses were treated in the form of current injections in a transmission system. The standard Fourier analysis was used to deal with the harmonic loads to get injection currents. With harmonic currents as equivalent current sources, the HPF can be derived. Besides, the fast assumptive model and decoupled model of FPF and HPF, called AFPF, DFPF and DHPF, were also proposed to improve execution time of the load flow programs. Test results show that the proposed general-purpose methods are better performers than conventional power flow solutions and are very robust. Secondly, the novel method, Upstream Tracing Model (UTM) and Downstream Tracing Model (DTM), to trace the power flow in transmission systems based on the converged AC power flow solution was proposed. The method is formulated by using the transmission network structure, the equivalent current-injection and load-admittances from the engineering viewpoint. Four steps are used to trace the linear relationship between each line flow and generator injection power without any assumption and the counter flow can be traced out, then the power consumption on each load can be represented as generators¡¦ contribution. According to the result of tracing, the loss of each line can be allocated to each generator by using a fair line usage concept. This tracing algorithm can calculate each generator¡¦s contribution quickly and fairly, and can be integrated into the existent tariffs of charging for transmission losses and services.

Attitudes of users towards new Information Technology products have been the matters of consumer research studies. Factors that affect user behavior in terms of IT acceptance have been modeled by different researchers with an attempt to predict the actual usage. This study aims to analyze these factors and their significance in military context. One of the robust models, namely Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is used as the study model with required modifications in order to augment its compatibility. Therefore an exploratory survey study is conducted within the target user group of two rugged mobile computers with the participation of 37 Turkish sergeants. The study used both qualitative and quantitative instruments. The results showed that, for military products, users acceptance criteria mainly concentrate on the performance of the new product and its relative ease of use.

Given set of web pages labeled with ontological items, the level of similarity between two web pages is measured using the level of similarity between ontological items of pages labeled with. Using similarity measure between two pages, degree of similarity between two sequences of web page visits can be calculated as well. Using clustering algorithms, similar frequent sequences are grouped and representative sequences are selected from these groups. A new sequence is compared with all clusters and it is assigned to most similar one. Representatives of the most similar cluster can be used in several real world cases. They can be used for predicting and prefetching the next page user will visit or for helping the navigation of user in the website. They can also be used to improve the structure of website for easier navigation. In this study the effect of time spent on each web page during the session is analyzed.

Because of the diversity of the society,the contents of the service and production provided by the public department (Government) and the private department (Business) can not fit the present and future needs. Based on the failures of the functions of the society and the government,NPO or NGO is flourishing to make up for the insufficiency of the two departments. There is a vigorous development of NPOs in Taiwan since 921 earthquake,and the numbers of NPOs rise steeply.As to NPOs,it is very critical to understand the donation willingness of the donators on the situation of limited society resources and private donations. The goals of the research are to discuss the donation willingness of the donators of the NPOs including the personalities, motives, religious beliefs of the donators,the fame of NPOs,the extent of expositions of information and the usage of the donation.And then probe the causes of the donation willingness of the donators. The goals of the rsearch are as following: 1.To probe the recognition of the NPOs managers,volunteers and donators to influence the donation willingness of the donators in Kaohsiung district. 2.To analyze the factors that influence the donators of the NPOs in Kaohsiung district. 3.To provide the suggestions to the managers of the NPOs in Kaohsiung district.

Although COO has been a topic of central interest in international marketing research, most work has focused on consumers in western countries. The concept of product usage experience, though often implied in COO research, has yet to be investigated more directly and explicitly. The goal of the study is to examine the relationships among COO perceptions, product usage experience and purchase intention among Chinese consumers. The study examined two kinds of product usage experiences (usage variety and frequency) pertaining to products (products in general and laptop computers in specific) made in two countries (America and China). Empirical data gathered from a survey were used to test two sets of research hypotheses pertaining to America and China respectively. The results supported the hypothesized interactions between COO ratings and product usage experiences in predicting purchase intention of American products among Chinese consumers. The interactions between COO ratings and usage experience in predicting purchase intention of Chinese products among Chinese consumers were partially supported.

The rapid inclusion of new technologies into educational curriculum has left some educators feeling ill prepared and anxious towards changes in teaching styles and curriculum necessary to put these innovations to use in their classrooms. It is imperative that we address this reluctance in order to provide inclusion of both faculty and students in the information revolution that began with the Internet and that continues to sweep the globe. Existing research takes primarily an external perspective to lack of technology usage in education; few studies have considered the psychological barriers that may contribute to technological and digital inequality within a University community. Real progress can be made in motivating technology resistant faculty by teaching them to differentiate between the characteristics of experts and novices, by providing them with the tools necessary to improve their self-efficacy to utilize new teaching technologies, and by providing the infrastructural support necessary to succeed. / text

This paper presents the work in progress regarding an international research project based on an empirical survey. It focuses on the early stages of making the adoption decision, thereafter evaluating and selecting an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system prior to implementation in Small to Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs). The project seeks to close some of the identified gaps in ERP research. In addition, it attempts to link the results of the early stages of decision making to implementation, usage and evolution success in order to allow important conclusions to be made, for example, on the best practices in decision making or decision quality and success. This project will be restricted to the case of ERP software but will also give insights into the potential of integrating ERP and other important applications such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) or Supply Chain Management (SCM). The proposed research seeks to identify any differences and similarities contributing to the analysed research areas between British and Austrian companies. The choice of companies originating from two different regions in Europe is an important precondition in order to formulate results that will be applicable to the European Union in general. Due to the pervasive nature of ERP systems, our research results should be of interest to a wide range of professional and scholarly communities (from software engineering to accounting), in addition to the Information Systems (IS) field. The results presented should especially help practitioners in SMEs facing the important task of introducing an ERP system into their company. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers on Information Systems, Information Business and Operations

published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics

Esminė žemės santykių pertvarka pradėta tik priėmus 1991 m. liepos 25 d. Žemės reformos įstatymą ir 1991 m. rugpjūčio 18 d. Įstatymą “Dėl piliečių nuosavybės teisių į išlikusį nekilnojamąjį turtą atstatymo tvarkos ir sąlygų. Alytaus apskritis yra pati miškingiausia apskritis Lietuvoje t. p. ši teritorija išsiskiria saugomų teritorijų gausa. Miškų ūkio paskirties žemę Alytaus apskrityje 2008 m. sausio 1 d. duomenimis valdė: 42,83 proc. privatūs miškų savininkai, Nacionalinių parkų valdomos žemės nėra, 55,88 proc. visų apskrities miškų valdė miškų urėdijos, 1,29 proc. valstybinės žemės valdė kiti fiziniai ir juridiniai naudotojai. Per 2004 – 2008 m. laikotarpį privačių miškų ūkio paskirties žemės plotas Lietuvoje kasmet didėjo vidutiniškai po 22713 ha, t.y. 90850 ha per 4 metų laikotarpį, Alytaus apskrityje – po 4548 ha, t.y 18191 ha padidėjo privačių miškų. 2008 m. privatūs miškai sudarė atitinkamai 32 proc. Lietuvoje ir 43 proc. Alytaus apskrityje nuo visų miškų. Skirtingas miškų privatizavimo procentas yra dėl to, kad Alytaus apskrityje didesnius plotus užima valstybiniai parkai ir draustiniai, yra santykinai daugiau valstybinės reikšmės miškų. Atsižvelgiant į Žemės reformos įstatymu sudarytas sąlygas miškų privatizavimui, taip pat į galimybes žemės ūkiui netinkamas naudoti žemes apsodinti mišku bei esant svaiminiam apžėlimui (kas dešimt metų vykdant inventorizaciją yra randama apie 50-70 ha savaime apaugusių miškų),iki žemės reformos pabaigos išliks privačių miškų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Adoption of the Law on Land Reform on July 25, 1991 and the Law on the Restoration of the Rights of Ownership of Citizens to the Existing Real Property on August 18, 1991 initiated the beginning of the fundamental reformation of the land relations. Alytus District is the most forested area in Lithuania. Moreover, this territory is famous for its numerous protected areas. The data available on January 1, 2008 show that 42.83 percent of the forest areas belong to private forest owners. Pursuant to this information, the are no any territories owned by the National Parks; 55.88 % and 1.29 % of all forest lands are forestry-owned and belong to other natural persons and legal entities respectively. Within 2004-2008, the area of privately owned forests showed annual increase by 22713 ha or 90850 ha altogether. Within the period of 4 years, Alytus District expanded its territory by 4548 ha annually (or 18191 ha of privately owned forests). In 2008, the privately owned forests accounted for 32 % and 43% of all forests in Lithuania and Alytus District respectively. These forest privatization results differ because Alytus District is mostly covered by state-owned parks and sanctuaries or state forests. With reference to the forest privatization conditions following the Law on Land Reform and the possibilities to use the non-agricultural lands for forests and in the background of self-vegetation of the areas (valuation surveys carried out every 10 years show that there are about 50-70... [to full text]

In South Africa, significant changes in health care have taken place since the first democratic elections in 1994. The change had lead to a position of integrated service delivery with specific reference to primary health care. Increasingly in developing countries, the private sector impacts significantly on the rights to education and the highest attainable standard of health. Inappropriate prescribing e.g. prescribing a drug without an acceptable indication, specifying an incorrect dosage, schedule or duration of treatment, duplicating therapeutic agents and prescribing drugs without adequate regard to potential interactions, can cause adverse outcomes, deplete health care resources, compromise the quality of care and possible increase in health costs. One approach monitoring prescribing practices is drug utilisation review. The general objective of this study was to review and interpret aspects of drug usage patterns in a private primary health care setting, with special reference to the top ten diagnoses made and the top twenty medicine items prescribed as well as the associated costs. A quantitative, retrospective drug utilisation review as well as certain aspects of managed and primary health care, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, medicine formularies and standard treatment guidelines were reviewed in the literature as a base for the study. The results of the empirical study showed that 83648 patients consulted at the nine medicentres during the study period (1 January to 31 December 2001). A total number of 132591 patient visits (consultations) were made, 140723 medical conditions (diagnoses) performed and 516177 medicine items prescribed during the study period. Analysis of medicine usage patterns and associated costs of the top ten diagnoses made and top twenty medicine items prescribed in the study population, revealed the following: The top ten diagnoses determined accounted for 29.07% of the total number of diagnoses made, . a total medicine treatment cost accounting for 32.11% in the study population, . the top twenty medicine items determined accounted for 56.23% of the total medicine items prescribed and . a total medicine treatment cost accounting for 28.63% in the study population. The highest prevalence of diagnoses made and medicine items prescribed was found in age groups 4 and 5 (Le. patients between the ages of 19 to 40 years) and was also found to be more prevalent in the female than in the male population. In completion of the research, recommendations to review the medicentres medicine treatment protocols and on provision of primary health care education were made. Reference to the investigation of environmental factors is also made. / Thesis (M.Pharm.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.