Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Maristela.PDF: 5501533 bytes, checksum: 5c33bded53c59884929207d743149094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the capitalist mode of production, certain human activities such as conventional agriculture, forestry, intensive livestock, as well as urban expansion and industrialization, have been responsible for the degradation of natural resources. These processes lead to harmful consequences for ecosystem dynamics, such as the reduction of biodiversity (plant and animal), erosion and soil fertility loss, mass movements, siltation of waterways, among others. Currently, the difficulties of finding alternatives to provide the conservation of natural resources, food production, as well as the recovery of degraded areas, become challenges to be faced due to economic rationality established in capitalist society. The agroforestry can be considered an alternative to this process. Characterized by the cultivation of agricultural species with forest ones in the same space and time, they allow, when properly planned and managed, a viable proposal that can combine food production and environmental conservation, therefore, considered as a conservationist use of natural resources. The agroforestry become even more prominent when they become a type of use that can occupy the areas regulated by the Environmental Law. The two legal forms of the Forest Code (Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserve) are generally considered untouchable areas without utility by owners of farms. However, considering some aspects of Law No. 12,651 / 2012 (current Forest Code), as well as resolutions number 369/2006, 425/2010 and 429/2011 of the National Council of Environment (CONAMA) and the Normative Instruction (No. 5 / 2009) of the Ministry of Environment, it is possible to manage these areas, for example through agroforestry induction. But for each of them (Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves) there are restrictions that must be considered. In theory, the agroforestry present themselves as a viable alternative and, considering that is possible its utilization in areas regulated by law, it was sought to discourse on this issue, linking theory and the analysis of practical experience of agroforestry implementation through a project of agroforestry implementation in southwestern Paraná region. Started in 2010 and developed by the non-governmental organization Associação de Estudos, Orientação e Assistência Rural (ASSESSOAR) in 14 municipalities, it was sought to analyze the results in Unidades de Produção e Vida Familiares (UPVFs) from the cities of Capanema, Coronel Vivída e Francisco Beltrão, considering what have been the potential, the difficulties and the challenges that are set for the development of agroforestry activity. The developed experience already demonstrates that, in the environmental aspect, the agroforestry have many advantages. Nevertheless, structural problems influenced the development of agroforestry areas, such as the choice of the site, the quality of seedlings, preparation of the area, management, technical assistance and the lack of manpower. / No modo de produção capitalista, determinadas atividades humanas como a agricultura convencional, silvicultura, pecuária intensiva, além da expansão urbana e da industrialização, vêm sendo responsáveis pela degradação dos recursos naturais. Esses processos levam a consequências maléficas para a dinâmica dos ecossistemas, como a redução da biodiversidade (vegetal e animal), erosão e perda de fertilidade dos solos, movimentos de massa, assoreamento de cursos de água, entre outros. Atualmente, as dificuldades de encontrar alternativas para proporcionar a conservação dos recursos naturais, produção de alimentos, assim como a recuperação de áreas degradas, tornam-se desafios a serem enfrentados devido à racionalidade econômica instituída na sociedade capitalista. As agroflorestas podem ser consideradas uma alternativa para esse processo. Caracterizadas pelo cultivo de espécies agrícolas com florestais em um mesmo espaço e tempo, possibilitam, quando bem planejadas e manejadas, uma proposta viável que pode aliar produção de alimentos e conservação ambiental, sendo assim, considerada como um uso conservacionista dos recursos naturais. As agroflorestas ganham ainda mais destaque quando se tornam um tipo de uso que pode ocupar as áreas regulamentadas pela Lei Ambiental. As duas figuras jurídicas do Código Florestal (Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reserva Legal) geralmente são consideradas áreas intocáveis, sem utilidade pelos proprietários de estabelecimentos rurais. Contudo, considerando alguns aspectos da Lei nº 12.651/2012 (atual Código Florestal), assim como das Resoluções de nº 369/2006, 425/2010 e 429/2011 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) e a Instrução Normativa (nº 5/2009) do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, existe a possibilidade de manejo dessas áreas, como por exemplo, através da indução de agroflorestas. Porém, para cada uma delas (Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reserva Legal) existem restrições que devem ser consideradas. Em plano teórico, as agroflorestas se apresentam como uma alternativa viável e considerando que é possível sua utilização em áreas regulamentadas por Lei, buscou-se dissertar sobre essa questão, relacionando teoria e a análise de uma experiência prática de implantação de agroflorestas, através de um projeto de implantação de agroflorestas na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Iniciado em 2010 e desenvolvido pela Organização Não-Governamental Associação de Estudos, Orientação e Assistência Rural (ASSESOAR) em 14 municípios, buscou-se analisar os resultados em Unidades de Produção e Vida Familiares (UPVFs) dos municípios de Capanema, Coronel Vivida e Francisco Beltrão, considerando quais têm sido as potencialidades, as dificuldades e os desafios que estão postos para o desenvolvimento da atividade agroflorestal. A experiência desenvolvida já evidencia que, no aspecto ambiental, as agroflorestas apresentam muitas vantagens. No entanto, problemas estruturais influenciaram no desenvolvimento das áreas agroflorestais, como a escolha do local de implantação, a qualidade das mudas, preparo da área, manejo, assistência técnica e a falta de mão de obra.

<p>U disertaciji su istražene karakteristike mešovitih namena, kao urbanog fenomena i planerskog koncepta. Formulisan je poseban metodološki postupak, koji uključuje i redefinisanje indeksa mešovite namene, primenjen za istraživanje relacija između programske strukture grada i brojnih drugih parametara, čime je omogućeno formiranje utemeljenih stavova o savremenom gradu kao složenom sistemu. Konkretno područje izučavanja je grad Novi Sad i pet specifičnih susedstava, a na osnovu rezultata rada date su i preporuke za poboljšanje istraživanja i planiranja mešovitih namena.</p> / <p>The dissertation examines characteristics of mixed uses, as an urban phenomenon and a planning concept. А special methodological procedure, including redefinition of mixed-use index, has been formulated for exploring the relations between the program structure of the city and a number of other parameters, which enabled making of well-grounded conclusions about contemporary cities, as complex systems. The particular area of study is the city of Novi Sad and five specific neighbourhoods, and on the basis of results of the work, there were given recommendations for improving of research and planning of mixed uses.</p>

La présente thèse de doctorat porte sur la médiatisation de la religion et l'utilisation des réseaux sociaux numériques dans la culture professionnelle du clergé ainsi que sur l'intégration de l'innovation numérique dans les organisations religieuses semi-fermées. Stout (2012) aborde la problématique des systèmes ouverts versus fermés par rapport aux médias, suggérant que le clergé et les paroissiens devraient «développer des compétences critiques pour évaluer les messages religieux partout où ils apparaissent» (Stout, 2012, p.66). Il analyse la capacité et la volonté des communautés religieuses d'établir leurs propres médias, que ce soit les médias traditionnels ou les nouveaux médias, d'une part, et le degré d'ouverture en ce qui concerne l'exposition aux médias laïques, y compris les produits et contenu de la culture pop, mettant ainsi en place le cadre de discussion pour l'utilisation des médias dans les organisations religieuses semi-fermées.En outre, cette recherche est appliquée au cas du clergé et des croyants roumains de l'Église Adventiste du Septième Jour (SDAC) et vise à souligner comment l'Internet et les nouveaux médias sont vécus par les pasteurs adventistes dans leur activité religieuse ainsi que par les croyants adventistes. la vie religieuse quotidienne. La communication des doctrines, des enseignements religieux et spirituels, sous forme écrite ou verbale, sont les activités principales des groupes pastoraux et paroissiaux. La recherche montre également une mentalité pro-technologique significative du SDAC tout au long du siècle dernier, et sa motivation - liée à la possibilité de répandre le message évangélique / The present doctoral thesis is focused on the mediatisation of religion and the use of digital social networks in the professional culture of the clergy as well as on the integration of digital innovation in semi-closed religious organizations. The problematic of open versus closed systems in relation to media is approached by Stout (2012), who suggests that clergy and parishioners ought to “develop critical skills to assess religious messages wherever they appear” (Stout, 2012, p. 66). He analyses the capacity and willingness of religious communities to establish their own media, whether it’s traditional or new media, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the degree of openness when it comes to exposure to secular media, which includes products and content of pop culture, thus setting-up the frame of discussion for the use of media in semi-closed religious organizations.Furthermore, this research is applied to the case of the Romanian Seventh-Day Adventist Church (SDAC) clergy and believers and intends to highlight how the Internet and new media are experienced by Adventist pastors in their religious activity as well as by Adventist believers in their everyday religious life. Communication of doctrines, religious and spiritual teachings, in written or verbal form are the main activities of the both pastoral and parishioners’ groups. The research also shows a significant pro-technological mentality of the SDAC throughout the last century, and its motivation – related to the opportunity to spread the evangelical message.

A política de gestão dos recursos hídricos em regiões onde ocorrem conflitos no uso da água, deve ser estabelecida a partir de alguns princípios básicos, a saber: garantia da quantidade de água para atender à demanda decorrente dos diversos usos potencialmente conflitantes e garantia dos padrões de qualidade, fixados em função dos usos a que se destinam esses recursos. O presente trabalho desenvolve-se obedecendo o preceito de que a escassez dos recursos hídricos os tornam bens de valor econômico, cuja utilização deve contemplar os aspectos sociais, o comportamento do mercado e atender aos princípios expostos. Uma vez que os usos da água modificam não só a quantidade como a qualidade dos recursos hídricos disponíveis, propõe-se uma metodologia de cobrança em função dos usos da água, na forma de tarifação (contemplando a saturação do corpo de água, a sazonalidade e o tipo de apropriador) e que desempenhe o papel de instrumento de gestão da água e, portanto, tenha desdobramentos na ocupação do solo. Os valores cobrados associam parâmetros que estão relacionados às vazões aduzidas para consumo e à carga de poluentes lançada nos corpos receptores. A qualidade a ser mantida é previamente fixada através da determinação do valor de saturação dos parâmetros envolvidos, os quais decorrem do enquadramento do corpo de água, ou seja, na sua classificação de uso que, por sua vez, deve ser estabelecida pela sociedade. / The management policy on the use of the water resources in regions where conflicts between users occur, should be established taking into consideration some basic principies, as follow: guarantee of the amount of water necessary to supply the potentially confliting needs, and the guarantee of the quality standards established as a function of the uses made from these resources. This paper follows the concept that the shortage of the water resources makes them a good of economic value, which utilization must contemplate the social aspects, the behavior of the market, and must meet the principies described above. As the uses of the water modify not only the quantity but also the quality of the water resources, it is proposed that a payment system for water utilization is established in function of the uses of the water, in form of tariffs (considering the saturation of the water body, the intervals of use and the type of appropriation), and that it play the role of a managing tool, and, therefore, have consequences in the land use. The amounts to be charged associate parameters that are related to the pumped flow for consuming and to the leveis of pollutants discharged in the reception bodies. The quality to be maintained is previously determined through the calculation of the saturation value of the parameters involved, which derived from the classification of the water body, that is, from its classification of use, which itself must be established by the community.

This research aims to fill a research gap by examining WeChat to explore whether changes of social context would exert any influence on the information disclosure of social networking site (SNS) users. Selective Exposure Theory and Uses and Gratification Theory were used as the theoretical foundation for this study. Four-hundred Chinese college students in China and the U.S. who have a WeChat App and have logged in to use it within the last 30 days from the day administered were asked to participate in a survey about their motivations and consequences when using WeChat. Results from MANOVA showed that the motivations and consequences of female participants’ self-disclosure were significantly higher than were male participants on WeChat. Moreover, the social context of Chinese students studying in the U.S. is perceived to be more individualized than the traditionally collective context that is perceived by Chinese students studying in China.

Synthetic cathinones are stimulant drugs of abuse that act at monoamine transporters e.g. the dopamine transporter (DAT) as releasing agents or as reuptake inhibitors. More than >150 new synthetic cathinones have emerged on the clandestine market and have attracted considerable attention from the medical and law enforcement communities. threo-Methylphenidate (tMP) is an FDA approved drug for the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy, which also acts as a DAT reuptake inhibitor and is widely abused. tMP and synthetic cathinones share some structural similarities and extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on tMP have been conducted. However, much less is known about the SAR of synthetic cathinones, and the available MP literature might assist in understanding it. The main focus of this research was to compare SAR between methylphenidate-cathinone hybrids and available methylphenidate SAR in order to identify some guiding principles that might allow
us to predict their abuse potential and to identify which cathinones should be
targeted for more extensive evaluation. In the present study, we evaluated eight 2-benzoylpiperidine analogs and a descarbonyl analog to determine if tMP SAR can be applied to cathinone SAR. We conducted molecular modeling and docking studies and predicted the order of potency to be tMP > 2-benzoylpiperidine > 2-benzylpiperidine based on the number of hydrogen bonds. The synthesized analogs were evaluated in a competition assay using live-cell imaging against APP+ in HEK293 cells stably expressing hDAT. All compounds were found to be DAT reuptake inhibitors and, as the modeling studies predicted, the order of potency in our functional studies was also found to be tMP > 2-benzoylpiperidine > 2- benzylpiperidine. A significant correlation was obtained between the potency of the benzoylpiperidines and tMP binding data (r = 0.91) suggesting that the SAR of tMP analogs might be applicable to the synthetic cathinones as DAT reuptake inhibitors.

This study examined the context of browsing behaviors. According to uses-and gratifications approach, the motives of World Wilde Web (mentioned as WWW later) generate the expectations of the WWW and the other sources, which lead to differential patterns of browsing behaviors. On-line focus groups were performed three times in December 1999 and January 2000. The criterion used when we choose the respondents of the focus group is that they should have experienced in Internet at least one year. The purpose of the focus groups is to explore the context of browsing. In addition, an on-line survey was undertaken on and . The session of is from March 25, 2000 to April 20, 2000, and the session of is from April 11, 2000 to April 12, 2000. The primary purpose of the survey was to test hypotheses related to browsing motives, browsing strategy motives, and browsing activities. This study found that surfers were segmented into four groups according to the motives of WWW: ritualistic dominant motives, instrumental dominant motives, high motives, and low motives. Besides, the motives of browsing strategies ere probed in this study. Six factors of the motives of browsing strategies were extracted: to increase data completeness, to help awareness of site options, to avoid site redundancy or information duplicate, job factor, no scare at the loss in cyberspace, and to kill time in a high-speed or favorable site. These factors co-operated with browsing skills explaining medium to low variance of the browsing behaviors.

<p>Purpose/Aim: To investigate why people in the age group of 30-40 subscribe to the traditional morning newspaper even though they can get the same information at a much lower cost from for example TV, the internet or the free daily papers. The aim is to also look at possible future alternatives to the traditional morning newspaper.</p><p>Material/Method: Focus group interviews were used to gather the empirical material. These consisted of a total number of twelve people, divided into three groups. The results from the focus group interviews were analysed with help from established uses & gratifications theories and two diffusion theories.</p><p>Main results: This study shows that people read the traditional morning newspaper to get a good mixture of entertainment and local, national and global news. It is relaxing to read the newpaper on paper compared to reading it on the internet, mainly because you get a good overview which makes it a lot easier to find exactly want you want to read. The content of the newspaper is often discussed with family, friends and colleagues and can therefore be said to fill an important social function. Reading the newspaper is thought of to be intellectual and can help people form their identities. All respondents in this study grew up in homes which subscribed to a morning newspaper and thought this fact was a big reason for them finding it so important to have a subscription themselves. Even so, most of them were positively in favour of the so called e-paper, as a future alternative to the traditional newspaper, when discussed in the groups, mainly because of it being a more environmently friendly option, but also because of the ability to pick and choose your personal newspaper content and only pay for what you want to read.</p>

This study examined a specific and controversial issue in health communication: the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Recent studies have shown that both online newsgroups and traditional newspapers have involved in communicating CAM information, but research has not answered whether there are differences between the new and old media. From the perspective of uses and gratifications, this study first investigated that how people are using newsgroups to solve CAM-related problems. Then contents of newsgroup messages and newspaper stories were analyzed to do the comparison in topics, source types, efficacy claims, and CAM categories. The results showed that both similarities and differences existed between the two media.

Purpose/Aim: To investigate why people in the age group of 30-40 subscribe to the traditional morning newspaper even though they can get the same information at a much lower cost from for example TV, the internet or the free daily papers. The aim is to also look at possible future alternatives to the traditional morning newspaper. Material/Method: Focus group interviews were used to gather the empirical material. These consisted of a total number of twelve people, divided into three groups. The results from the focus group interviews were analysed with help from established uses &amp; gratifications theories and two diffusion theories. Main results: This study shows that people read the traditional morning newspaper to get a good mixture of entertainment and local, national and global news. It is relaxing to read the newpaper on paper compared to reading it on the internet, mainly because you get a good overview which makes it a lot easier to find exactly want you want to read. The content of the newspaper is often discussed with family, friends and colleagues and can therefore be said to fill an important social function. Reading the newspaper is thought of to be intellectual and can help people form their identities. All respondents in this study grew up in homes which subscribed to a morning newspaper and thought this fact was a big reason for them finding it so important to have a subscription themselves. Even so, most of them were positively in favour of the so called e-paper, as a future alternative to the traditional newspaper, when discussed in the groups, mainly because of it being a more environmently friendly option, but also because of the ability to pick and choose your personal newspaper content and only pay for what you want to read.