Commercial egg production in Utah has developed gradually since 1920. Production of eggs increased from 142 million in 1924 to 433 million eggs in 1946. The percentage of total farm income of the state derived from the poultry industry increased from 5.3 percent in 1924 to 23.1 percent in 1946 and at the present time constitutes the largest income of any farm enterprise in this area. Factors influencing this development are: 1. High prices resulting from the war period of 1917 to 1920 followed by the depression period when prices were low. 2. The organization of cooperative egg-marketing associations. 3. Shipments of eggs to the eastern markets. 4. The lack of marketing facilities for the high-quality eggs produced in the state.

Before presenting an economic analysis of farm tenure in the Uintah Basin, it will be helpful to consider some aspects of the historical, economic, and social background of that portion of the region included in this study. A portion of the Uintah Indian Reservation, which was created in 1861, was opened to white settlement under the homestead and townsite laws on August 28, 1905 after 103,000 acres of farming land had been allotted to individual Indians living on the reservation and 276,000 acres reserved for Indian grazing lands and timber reserve. Because of the large deposits of asphalt products that had been found nearby and a belief that the mountains were rich in minerals, much attention was attracted to this homestead opportunity. As a result 37,702 persons applied for entry of which it was estimated there would be land for only 5,772 when final drawings were made. Although this region seemed to be an "Eldorado" at that time it has later become one of the greatest problem areas of the State of Utah.

Forty-three and 54 Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) pairs were found occupying territories in northern Utah and southeastern Idaho during 1972 and 1973, respectively. Of these 38 and 27 nesting pairs laid eggs. Nesting success was 77.1 percent in 1972 and 74.6 percent in 1973. for successful nests, an average of 2.9 and 2.6 young hatched and 2.7 and 2.3 young fledged during the respective years. This population is reproductively comparable to others in Utah and Colorado. Analysis of prey items collected from the nests indicated that black-tailed jack-rabbits (Lepus californicus) constitute 86 percent of the biomass (by weight) of three major prey species consumed by ferruginous hawks in this area. Jackrabbit density may be a major determinant of the number of young produced in a given year. Weight gained by the nestlings showed a marked sexual dimorphism. Female fledgelings weighed up to 1.43 times as much as males. Criteria were developed for sexing ferruginous hawks by measuring the diameter of the hallux. Mortality of 17 birds from the study area was recorded, of which 47 percent were immature birds. A total of 108 fledglings were banded and marked with color-coded patagial wing markers. Band reports of five (10 percent) of these birds were received. Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) provided nest sites for 96.0 percent of the nests while three percent were built on the ground. Plant community types were determined at 63 nesting sites from aerial photographs. Dominant vegetation around nest sites were desert shrub types and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) seedings. The possible impact of land management practices on ferruginous hawks is discussed.

In cases where refuge acquisition or captive breeding programs are not practical or justifiable, wild caught animals are frequently translocated into areas of suitable habitat. Such management programs seldom are designed to account for the behavioral responses of translocated animals to an unfamiliar habitat, breakup of social units, and/or interactions with existing social units in the new habitat. Ongoing efforts to translocate threatened Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) from areas where conflicts with other land uses are occurring to public land sites have met with limited success. This could be due, in part, to behavioral responses associated with disrupting social units and placing animals in an unfamiliar environment. The purpose of this research was to test a series of hypotheses regarding the behavioral responses of Utah prairie dogs to translocation. Focal animal sampling was used to estimate the durations and frequencies of five behavioral variables and five interaction types at four treatments: control, new site, supplemental site, and new population. In Chapter 1, activity budgets were compared among control animals, animals released into a new site versus a supplemental site, and animals already present at a supplemental site. The objective was to evaluate the relative effects of new and supplemental translocations and the effects of translocations on resident animals. In Chapter 2, the frequencies of interactions were compared among these same treatments to evaluate the effects of translocation on the sociality of Utah prairie dogs as reflected by changes in the frequencies of greeting displays, dominance/subordinance displays, and amicable and agonistic interactions. Chapter 3 compares the activity budgets of animals released at a site containing natural burrows (i.e., new population) and animals released into a site containing artificial burrows (i.e., new site) to a control. Habitat measurements for these treatments were also compared to evaluate the importance of habitat characteristics typical of prairie dog colonies to translocated animals. Hotelling's T2 analyses were used to compare behavioral durations between treatments and log-linear analyses were use to compare behavioral frequencies among treatments. Activity budgets were altered by translocation through tradeoffs between the amount of time spent foraging, being vigilant, exploring the unfamiliar habitat, and minimizing conspicuousness. Predicted changes in interactions frequencies as a result of translocations were not observed. Activity budgets of animals released into the site containing natural burrows did not differ from those of control animals . The most important behavioral consideration is the effects of burrow and habitat characteristics in providing centers of activity and effective predator detection and avoidance.

For the past few years many questions have been asked about the growth and development of the industrial arts program in Utah. Many of these questions could not be answered by leading educators. Thus, it is hoped that with the information presented in this report enlightenment may be given to unnswered questions. The roots of present-day concepts and practices of industrial arts in Utah extend back fifty years to the first schools established by the Mormon pioneers. The first school, in its simple setting, faced such issues as: what kind of industrial arts training shall be provided? How much will it cost? What will be its future? Some of the outstanding developments in various periods of the history of the state of Utah illustrate the significance of the growth and development of the industrial arts program. Thus, the major purposes of the present study are to identify the more important policies and practices from the period of the introduction of industrial arts up to and including the year 1952. Additional purposes of the study may be state as follows: 1. To encourage and assist lay citizens and professional educators to improve their understandings and to support more willingly the industrial arts program in the state of Utah. 2. To assemble evidence showing as clearly as possible the effects of the industrial arts program. 3. To cooperate with the public schools in Utah in assembling pertinent information regarding the introduction and development of the industrial arts program. Such a study should help to center attention on the importance of an industrial arts program as a basis for determining those practices which are being carried on in the state of Utah today. Furthermore, it whould indicated some of the most significant affects of the industrial arts program on the general educational prgogram of today.

Vocational agriculture had its birth in Utah rural high schools in the spring of 1918. It is a program for training present and future farmers for proficiency in agriculture. The instruction in Utah, as in most states, has been devoted to the training of all-day (high school) students. Since 1918 considerably over one million dollars of federal, state and local funds have been expended for all-day instruction in vocational agriculture in Utah. The primary objective of the program is to train these boys to become farmers or farm leaders. From time to time the following questions have been asked: Do all-day students ever become farmers? If so, are they the poorer students of the high shcool? What percentage of former all-day students are remaining in rural communities? What percent of all-day students go to college? These and numerous other questions have been asked by taxpayers, school patrons, high school principals, county school superintendents, agricultural leaders, and others who are concerned with the education of farm youth. The state director of agricultural education and the teachers of vocational agriculture in the various districts in Utah have answered these questions as intelligently as possible with the information available. Their answers were necessarily very subjective and based on personal opinion. The state director of agricultural education and many of the teachers of vocational agriculture sensed the need of an objective study concerning former students. The vocational agricultural program had been in existence for more than 20 years, and no check up had been made in this regard. As far as the state as a whole was concerned the program was like a clock without hands; it was running, but no one knew the time in terms of results as they were related to the obejctives of the program.

The Division of Family Services in the State of Utah has undergone an organizational change. State aid to needy families is now administered on a regional level, rather than a county level. It was hypothesized that this reorganization would have little affect on the client's attitude toward state services. They would be aware of the change but would be neutral in attitude about the change. Survey research was used to obtain data for this study. A change scale was developed and a score computed. After reviewing the data the hypothesis was rejected. Clients did have a positive view about regionalization or organizational change.

The purpose of this study was to compare the leadership potential of students from upper level division students majoring in Physical Education as compared to students majoring in Recreation. Two psychological tests were utilized to measure leadership potential between these groups. They were the Leadership Ability Evaluation and the Leadership Q-Sort Test, which yielded data in 12 variables. Analysis of this data revealed that there was significant difference at the .05 level in three of the twelve variables. A comparison of all means for the two tests favored the Recreation majors over the Physical Education majors in leadership potential. In the areas where measurable differences occurred it could aid the advisement process if leadership tests were to be administered at the beginning of college, so that the data could be used to help students consider their choice more carefully between Physical Education and Recreation as a major.

Fish and wildlife were randomly sampled in Utah from pre-selected x areas and analyzed for levels of total mercury, dieldrin, DDT, and DDE. Levels were well within consumptive tolerance or guildeline limits except for mercury levels of fish in Willard Bay Reservoir. PCB's were also identified in a large proportion of samples. None of the chukars, 6 percent of the pheasants, 4 percent of the waterfowl, and none of the fish sampled, excluding Willard Bay Reservoir, were above the 0.5 ppm guideline level for mercury established by the Food and Drug Administration. Seventy-seven percent of the fish sampled from Willard Bay Reservoir were above the 0.5 ppm guideline level. Only one duck (2 percent) was above the maximum permissible concentration for dieldrin. All of the chukars, pheasants, other waterfowl, and fish were well below human consumptive tolerance limits for dieldrin and DDT + DDE. It is recommended that studies be initiated to more closely define possible sources of mercury and the health hazard involved in consumption of these fish.

The major purpose of this study is to present selected empirical results of a study employing decision-making theory as a framework for considering decision making under risk. The part icular problem involves choices between alternative crop rotations for Sevier County farmers. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the Bayesian theory that gives more than a point estimation. A multiple regression mod e l using two linear terms was employed to determine the influence of s now pack and reservoir storage on water availability for irrigation purposes during July, August , and September. The Bayesian approach was employed. The optima l action or decision was first determined where only the knowledge of the~ priori probabiities of the states of nature was available. Optimal strategies were then determined where run-off observation was available and the~ poster iori probabilities of the states of nature were determined. Study results indicate that the expected va lue of the additional information is substantial and come out very close to the expected value of a perfect predictor and higher than the expected value of t he "no data" problems . It means that the Bayesian approach gives more than a point estimation a nd is us eful for farm management decision making under risk.