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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Excision margins in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive women undergoing large loop excision of the transformation zone for cervical dysplasia

Noel, Carolyn Joyce January 2015 (has links)
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg February 2015 A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Medicine, in the branch of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. / HIV accelerates the development of cervical cancer by up to15 years. South Africa is currently in the midst of an HIV epidemic. With limited facilities for colposcopy it is vital to identify risk factors within the HIV positive population resulting in positive margins after Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) and persistence of cytological abnormalities on follow-up Pap smears. Objective: The primary objective was to determine the patient risk factors, pre and during colposcopy and LLETZ biopsy, which resulted in the histological involvement of margins of the LLETZ biopsy and persistent cervical dysplasia on follow-up Pap smears. Secondary objectives included determining follow up rate of patients at the clinic as well as the correlation between the original Pap smear cytology grade and the histological grade found on histology of the LLETZ biopsy. Methods: A retrospective review of the files of HIV seropositive patients was done at the colposcopy clinic at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital after the roll out of antiretroviral treatment for the period 1 April 2004 to 31 October 2012. Patients with abnormal pap smears during this time were referred to the colposcopy clinic where a colposcopy and LLETZ biopsies were done. Demographic and clinical data in regards to age, gravidity, contraception, CD4 count, antiretroviral usage, and referral time was collected. Data from the clinical description of the colposcopy and histology of the LLETZ biopsy was also collected. Patients followed up again after 6 months when a repeat pap smear was done. The results of these Pap smears were also collected. Data was then analysed and variate and multivariate logistical regression was used to find statistically significant correlations. Results: A total of 480 files were found to have complete clinical records. One hundred and sixty eight (42.71%) patients had both endo and ectocervical margins clear. Predictive factors for the involvement of endocervical margins was the doctor performing the procedure (p-value <0.01) cytology of the original Pap smear (p value <0.01) and the grade of histological abnormality found at time of LLETZ (p-value <0.01). The statistically significant predictive factors for ectocervical margin involvement was the visualization of the transformation zone at colposcopy (p-value <0.01), the size of lesion found at colposcopy (p-value <0.01), the use of combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (p-value 0.02) and the histological grade of abnormality found on the LLETZ biopsy. Age, parity, CD4 count, use of antiretroviral drugs, length of time from Pap smear to colposcopy and use of contraception other than OCP were not found to be statistically significant in our sample population for the involvement of either endo or ectocervical margins. Statistically significant risk factors for the recurrence of intraepithelial lesions on follow up Pap smear was having both endo and ectocervical margin involvement on histology (p-value 0.01) The Ectocervical margin alone was found to have a p-value of <0.01. Abnormal cytology on follow up Pap smear was found in 58.69% of patients. The follow up rate at the clinic was 46.04%. Correlation of cytological grade and histological grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm in our sample population was found to be adequate (p-value <0.01). Conclusion: Incomplete incision of the intraepithelial lesion was found to be a significant risk factor for the recurrence of cytological abnormality in patients undergoing LLETZ biopsy. Identifying patients at increased risk for recurrence is important to ensure close follow up in this patient population.
2

Cervical cancer prevention : studies on possible improvements /

Strander, Björn, January 2008 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ. , 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
3

Aspectos preditivos da progressão da lesão de NIC 1 em biopsias do colo uterino = estudo comparativo entre o metodo da hibridização in situ e a expressão do Ki67, avaliada por metodos morfologicos quantitativos / NIC lesion progression in cervical biopsies : predictive value of in situ hybridization technique versus Ki67 expression, as evaluated by quantitative morphological methods

Triglia, Renata de Marchi 02 March 2010 (has links)
Orientadores: Liliana Aparecida Lucci de Angelo Andrade, Konradin Metze / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Triglia_RenatadeMarchi_D.pdf: 2275218 bytes, checksum: 3b9b61ceb5abbf3cd2002df7cf26737a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: As Neoplasias Intra-epiteliais Cervicais (NIC) são precursoras do carcinoma do colo uterino e, em sua maioria, causadas pelos vírus do Papiloma Humano (HPV) de alto risco oncogênico. A maior parte das NIC1 regride, mas cerca de 15% pode progredir e a integração viral ao genoma da célula tem papel importante neste evento. A hibridização in situ (HIS) detecta o tipo de vírus na lesão e, tem sido atribuído que o sinal difuso desta reação se relaciona à forma epissomal do vírus, enquanto o puntiforme representa o DNA viral integrado ao genoma. O Ki67, marcador de proliferação celular, tem sido usado na graduação das NIC e pode ser um adjuvante na avaliação do comportamento das NIC1. Métodos: 74 biópsias de NIC1 foram estudadas, cujas pacientes apresentaram no acompanhamento biópsias com diagnósticos variados: 19 de cervicite (regressão), 29 com manutenção de NIC1 e 26 com progressão para NIC 2-3. A primeira biópsia foi analisada pela reação de HIS para HPV de alto risco oncogênico (Genpoint®) e pela reação imunoistoquímica para Ki67. Na HIS foram avaliados o número e a distribuição das células nas camadas epiteliais (basal, intermédia ou superficial) e o tipo de sinal (puntiforme ou difuso). A análise do Ki67 foi realizada de 2 formas: a) leitura com avaliação subjetiva da expressão em diferentes níveis do epitélio (camadas basal e para-basal, até a metade e mais da metade da espessura epitelial), b) análise morfológica quantitativa por um programa de computador ("Sociology"), capaz de fazer muitas medidas, como densidade nuclear e relações de vizinhança entre os núcleos. Resultados: a idade da pacientes variou de 16 a 65 anos, sendo a média diferente entre os grupos com e sem progressão (31 e 26, respectivamente, p=0,02). A HIS foi positiva em 22 casos (30%), dos quais 8 progrediram e 14, não. Todos mostraram sinais puntiformes e difusos, entretanto sinal puntiforme na camada basal foi observado em 58,5% dos que progrediram e em apenas 4% dos casos sem progressão (p=0,05). A avaliação subjetiva do Ki67 demonstrou que o grupo que progrediu expressou positividade em mais da metade do epitélio (p=0.02). A análise morfológica quantitativa do Ki67 evidenciou os seguintes resultados significativos no grupo com regressão: menor densidade nuclear, menor quantidade de vizinhos e maior distância entre os núcleos vizinhos mais próximos (p=0,019; 0,008 e 0,02). As medidas da altura dos núcleos positivos no epitélio e da espessura epitelial não mostraram diferença. Conclusão: o sinal puntiforme da HIS na camada basal, a expressão do Ki67 em mais da metade do epitélio, avaliada subjetivamente, e a maior densidade de núcleos na análise morfológica quantitativa estão mais associados à manutenção e progressão das lesões de NIC1 / Abstract: Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasias (CIN) are precursory lesions of the cervical carcinoma, and most of them are caused by high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The majority of CIN1 can regress, but around 15% progress, and viral integration has an important role in this event. Integration can be identified by In situ hybridization (ISH). Literature has considered a punctate signal in ISH as integrated HPV, and the diffuse signal as episomal virus. Ki67, a marker of cellular proliferation, can be useful in graduating CIN and evaluating CIN1 behavior. Methods: 74 CIN1 cases were studied and all patients had another biopsy in the follow-up which revealed: 19 without CIN (regression), 29 with maintenance of CIN1 diagnosis, and 26 that progressed to CIN2-3. ISH with Genpoint® for high risk HPV was evaluated according to the distribution of positive cells at different levels in squamous epithelium: basal, intermediate or superficial layers. The pattern of ISH reaction was classified as diffuse or punctate. Ki67 analysis was performed by 2 different ways: a) interpretation with subjective estimation of the immunostaining in different epithelium levels (basal and parabasal layers, until a half and more than a half of the epithelium thickness); b) quantitative morphological analysis by a software ("Sociology"), capable of performing many measurements, as nuclear density and neighborhood relations among the nuclei. Results: the age varied from 16 to 65 and mean age without progression was 26 and 31 for progression (p=0.02). ISH was positive in 30% (22 cases: 8 with lesion progression and 14 without). All cases showed punctate and diffuse signals, but punctate were observed in 58.5% with progression and only in 4% without (p=0.05). Ki67 subjective analysis revealed that group with progression expressed positive nuclei in more than a half of the epithelium thickness (p=0.02). In the regression group, Ki67 quantitative morphological analysis showed smaller nuclei density, a lower quantity of positive cells and a longer distance between neighbor cells when compared to the others (p=0,019; 0,008 e 0,02). The height of Ki67 positive nuclei and the epithelial thickness were not different among the 3 groups. Conclusion: an ISH punctate signal in the basal layer, Ki67 expression in more than a half of epithelium thickness and the nuclear Ki67 density evaluated quantitatively can be related to CIN1 maintenance and progression / Doutorado / Anatomia Patologica / Doutor em Ciências Médicas
4

Impact of cervical cytology screening on the prevalence of cervical cytological results = Impacto do rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero na prevalência de resultados citológicos / Impacto do rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero na prevalência de resultados citológicos

Vale, Diama Bhadra Andrade Peixoto do, 1978- 29 May 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Luiz Carlos Zeferino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T21:06:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vale_DiamaBhadraAndradePeixotodo_D.pdf: 2458866 bytes, checksum: 5cf40849bf3e978225063c3bfedc7aea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: INTRODUÇÃO: O exame citológico ainda é o método de rastreamento mais utilizado para a prevenção do câncer do colo do útero. Apesar da sua alta eficiência na prevenção do carcinoma escamoso invasivo, esses benefícios não são tão claros para as lesões escamosas em mulheres jovens e para o adenocarcinoma invasivo. Além disso, esse efeito protetor varia de acordo com o intervalo de realização dos controles. Uma vez que o teste de HPV não é recomendado para mulheres com menos de 30 anos de idade, a avaliação cuidadosa do desempenho do rastreamento neste grupo etário pode auxiliar os médicos a selecionar criteriosamente aquelas que irão ser encaminhadas para prosseguimento diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero na prevalência dos resultados citológicos em função da idade da mulher e do intervalo entre os controles. MÉTODOS: Foi analisado o banco de dados de um laboratório central de citopatologia. O estudo incluiu 2.002.472 testes obtidos de mulheres previamente rastreadas e 217.826 testes obtidos de mulheres não previamente rastreadas. A Razão de Prevalência (RP) com um intervalo de confiança de 95% foi calculada para os resultados de testes de mulheres rastreadas em relação aos testes de mulheres não rastreadas, em função da idade. O laboratório utiliza o Sistema de Bethesda desde 1998, mas ainda subdivide o resultado Lesão Intraepitelial de Alto Grau (HSIL) em dois níveis: HSIL-CIN 2 e HSIL-CIN 3. RESULTADOS Para HSIL, a RP dos testes de mulheres rastreadas em relação aos testes de mulheres não rastreadas foi de 0,97 (0,83-1,13) em mulheres abaixo de 20 anos e 0,99 (0,86-1,14) para mulheres entre 20 e 24 anos, diminuindo significativamente em mulheres entre 25 e 29 anos (RP 0,63, 0,52-0,76). As RP para o carcinoma espinocelular (SCC), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) e adenocarcinoma invasivo apresentaram uma redução significativa em todos os grupos etários acima de 30 anos. Para o grupo etário 30 a 59 anos, a proteção conferida pelo rastreamento para SCC, AIS e adenocarcinoma invasivo foi de 83% ou mais, para intervalos de realização dos exames entre 1 e 5 anos. Para mais de cinco anos de intervalo, o efeito protetor oferecido para SCC foi de 50%. Nas mulheres não previamente rastreadas, a prevalência de lesões intraepiteliais de baixo grau (LSIL) e HSIL-CIN 2 diminuíram com a idade, enquanto que para HSIL-CIN 3 a prevalência aumentou. Ainda nesse grupo de testes, a prevalência de HSIL-CIN 2 foi maior do que a de HSIL-CIN 3 para mulheres de até 29 anos (RP = 4,73, 3,90-5,75) e mais baixa para os grupos de 30 a 49 anos (RP = 0,66, 0,50-0,87) e 50 anos ou mais (RP = 0.21,0.12-0.36). No grupo de testes de mulheres rastreadas, a prevalência de HSIL-CIN 2 foi maior nas faixas etárias até 29 anos (RP = 2,72, 2,49-2,97). CONCLUSÕES O rastreamento citológico reduziu a prevalência dos diagnósticos citológicos de HSIL, CEC, AIS e adenocarcinoma invasivo. Um intervalo de 3 anos para a realização dos controles foi apropriado para reduzir os resultados citológicos. O perfil da prevalência de HSIL-CIN 2 se assemelha ao padrão de prevalência de LSIL e foi mais prevalente do que HSIL-CIN 3 em mulheres jovens. O impacto do rastreamento foi menos evidente quando HSIL foi sugestivo de CIN 2. O rastreamento citológico em mulheres abaixo de 25 anos deve ser criteriosamente avaliado / Abstract: BACKGROUND Cervical cytology still is the cervical cancer screening test for women more used. Even though there is no doubt about the impact of cytology screening on invasive squamous cervical cancer, this issue is not as clear for squamous lesions on young women and for invasive adenocarcinoma. Moreover this protective effect varies according to interval tests. HPV testing is not recommended for women under age 30, and the carefully analysis of the performance of screening on this age group can help physicians to qualify their approach. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of cervical cytology screening on the prevalence of cervical cytological results in women, as a function of age and the interval between tests. METHODS A central cytopathology laboratory database for cervical screening was analyzed. It included cytology screening data of 2.002.472 tests obtained from previously screened women and 217.826 tests from unscreened women. A prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval for screened women was calculated, in relation to unscreened women, as a function of age. The laboratory has been using the Bethesda System since 1998, but maintain the sub-categorization of HSIL in two levels: HSIL-CIN 2 and HSIL-CIN 3. RESULTS For high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the PR was 0.97 (0.83-1.13) for women aged 20 or younger and 0.99 (0.86-1.14) for women aged 20-24 years, decreasing significantly in women aged 25-29 years (PR 0.63, 0.52-0.76). The PR for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and invasive adenocarcinoma showed a significant reduction in all age groups over 30 years. For the age group ranging from 30-59 years, protection conferred by screening for SCC, AIS and invasive adenocarcinoma was 83% or higher for screening intervals ranging from 1-5 years. For 5-year intervals or longer, the protective effect offered for SCC was 50%. For unscreened women, the prevalence of Low Grade Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL) and HSIL-CIN 2 decreased with age, whereas HSIL-CIN 3 prevalence increased. The prevalence of HSIL-CIN 2 was higher than that of HSIL-CIN 3 for women up to 29 years (PR=4.73, 3.90-5.75) and lower for age groups 30-49 years (PR=0.66, 0.50-0.87) and 50 years or more (PR=0.21,0.12-0.36). For screened women, the prevalence of HSIL-CIN 2 was also higher in age groups up to 29 years (PR=2.72, 2.49-2.97). CONCLUSIONS Cytology screening reduced the prevalence of HSIL, SCC, AIS and invasive adenocarcinoma cytological results. A three-year interval was appropriate for the reduction of these lesions. HSIL-CIN 2 resembles the prevalence pattern of LSIL and was more prevalent than HSIL-CIN 3 in younger women. The impact of screening was less evident when HSIL is suggestive of CIN 2. Cervical cytology screening in women 25 or younger should be critically evaluated / Doutorado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Doutora em Ciências da Saúde
5

Citologia cérvico-vaginal inflamatória associada com atividade da doença no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil / Inflammatory cervicovaginal cytology is associated with disease activity in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

Marília Vieira Febrônio 06 February 2007 (has links)
Objetivo: Avaliar a citologia cérvico-vaginal em adolescentes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ) e comparar com controles. Material e métodos: Cinqüenta e duas adolescentes com LESJ (critérios do American College of Rheumatology) foram comparadas com 52 controles saudáveis. Todos os esfregaços de Papanicolaou foram avaliados por uma mesma citopatologista, que desconhecia o exame ginecológico, e foram classificados de acordo com o Sistema de Bethesda, 2001. Resultados: As médias das idades das pacientes com LESJ e controles foram similares (16,17 ± 1,94 versus 16,13 ± 2,16 anos, p=0,92). A citologia cérvico-vaginal foi similar em ambos os grupos, embora as relações sexuais no último mês tenham sido menos freqüentes nas pacientes com LESJ em relação aos controles (23% versus 59,6%, p=0,0003). Apenas uma paciente (2%) com LESJ e duas controles (4%) tinham displasia cervical (LIE-BG) e papilomavírus humano (HPV) (p=1,0). Citologia cérvico-vaginal inflamatória foi observada em 21 (60%) das pacientes com SLEDAI maior ou igual a 4 e em apenas 4 (23%) daqueles com SLEDAI < 4 (p=0,001). Assim como, uma maior freqüência de achados inflamatórios também foi observada em adolescentes virgens com LESJ (57% versus 8%, p=0,005). Vaginite por Candida spp foi observada em 7 pacientes com LESJ (14%) e em nenhuma dos controles (p=0,012), e foi associada com uso de drogas imunossupressoras (p=0,01) e dose alta de prednisona (p=0,002). Conclusão: Nossos achados indicam que o trato genital feminino é um órgão alvo no LESJ, pois inflamação cérvico-vaginal está associada com atividade da doença independentemente da atividade sexual. / Objective: To evaluate cervicovaginal cytology in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and to compare them to controls. Material and methods: Fifty-two female adolescents with JSLE (American College of Rheumatology criteria) were compared to 52 age-matched healthy controls. All Pap smears were evaluated by the same cytopathologist blinded to gynecology examination, and performed according to the Bethesda Classification System 2001. Results: The mean age of JSLE patients and controls were similar (16.17 ± 1.94 vs. 16.13 ± 2.16 years, p=0.92). The cervicovaginal cytology was found to be similar in both groups, although sexual intercourses in the last month were less frequent in JSLE than controls (23% vs. 59.6%, p=0.0003). Only one patient (2%) with JSLE versus two controls (4%) had cervical dysplasia (LGSIL) and human papilomavirus (p=1.0). Inflammatory cervicovaginal cytology was observed in 21 (60%) of patients with SLEDAI ? 4 and only 4(23%) of those with SLEDAI<4 (p=0.001). Likewise, a higher frequency of inflammatory changes were also observed in virgin JSLE (57% vs. 8%, p=0.005). Candida spp vaginitis was observed in 7 JSLE (14%) versus none in controls (p=0.012) and was associated to immunosuppressive drugs (p=0.01) and high dose of prednisone (p=0.002). Conclusion: Our findings supports the notion that female genital tract is a target organ in SLE since cervical inflammation is associated to disease activity independently of sexual activity.
6

Citologia cérvico-vaginal inflamatória associada com atividade da doença no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil / Inflammatory cervicovaginal cytology is associated with disease activity in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

Febrônio, Marília Vieira 06 February 2007 (has links)
Objetivo: Avaliar a citologia cérvico-vaginal em adolescentes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ) e comparar com controles. Material e métodos: Cinqüenta e duas adolescentes com LESJ (critérios do American College of Rheumatology) foram comparadas com 52 controles saudáveis. Todos os esfregaços de Papanicolaou foram avaliados por uma mesma citopatologista, que desconhecia o exame ginecológico, e foram classificados de acordo com o Sistema de Bethesda, 2001. Resultados: As médias das idades das pacientes com LESJ e controles foram similares (16,17 ± 1,94 versus 16,13 ± 2,16 anos, p=0,92). A citologia cérvico-vaginal foi similar em ambos os grupos, embora as relações sexuais no último mês tenham sido menos freqüentes nas pacientes com LESJ em relação aos controles (23% versus 59,6%, p=0,0003). Apenas uma paciente (2%) com LESJ e duas controles (4%) tinham displasia cervical (LIE-BG) e papilomavírus humano (HPV) (p=1,0). Citologia cérvico-vaginal inflamatória foi observada em 21 (60%) das pacientes com SLEDAI maior ou igual a 4 e em apenas 4 (23%) daqueles com SLEDAI < 4 (p=0,001). Assim como, uma maior freqüência de achados inflamatórios também foi observada em adolescentes virgens com LESJ (57% versus 8%, p=0,005). Vaginite por Candida spp foi observada em 7 pacientes com LESJ (14%) e em nenhuma dos controles (p=0,012), e foi associada com uso de drogas imunossupressoras (p=0,01) e dose alta de prednisona (p=0,002). Conclusão: Nossos achados indicam que o trato genital feminino é um órgão alvo no LESJ, pois inflamação cérvico-vaginal está associada com atividade da doença independentemente da atividade sexual. / Objective: To evaluate cervicovaginal cytology in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and to compare them to controls. Material and methods: Fifty-two female adolescents with JSLE (American College of Rheumatology criteria) were compared to 52 age-matched healthy controls. All Pap smears were evaluated by the same cytopathologist blinded to gynecology examination, and performed according to the Bethesda Classification System 2001. Results: The mean age of JSLE patients and controls were similar (16.17 ± 1.94 vs. 16.13 ± 2.16 years, p=0.92). The cervicovaginal cytology was found to be similar in both groups, although sexual intercourses in the last month were less frequent in JSLE than controls (23% vs. 59.6%, p=0.0003). Only one patient (2%) with JSLE versus two controls (4%) had cervical dysplasia (LGSIL) and human papilomavirus (p=1.0). Inflammatory cervicovaginal cytology was observed in 21 (60%) of patients with SLEDAI ? 4 and only 4(23%) of those with SLEDAI<4 (p=0.001). Likewise, a higher frequency of inflammatory changes were also observed in virgin JSLE (57% vs. 8%, p=0.005). Candida spp vaginitis was observed in 7 JSLE (14%) versus none in controls (p=0.012) and was associated to immunosuppressive drugs (p=0.01) and high dose of prednisone (p=0.002). Conclusion: Our findings supports the notion that female genital tract is a target organ in SLE since cervical inflammation is associated to disease activity independently of sexual activity.

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