The dissertation focuses on the issue of bullying at school with a small number of students. The theoretical part deals with description and definition of socia - pathological phenomena especially its causes, forms, wals of its solution, the sphere of prevention and last but not least with pupilś parents advice. It can help u show and where the given situation should be solid and where we can look for help. The practical part deals with the incidence and manifestations of bullying at this school between 2005/2006 and 2010/2011. The results are compared and examined and after that they are evaluated if the personal change on the post of school teachers in the course of these years led to an improvement of relations between students and teachers.

The topic of my thesis is Assistance to victims of crime. I have chosen this topic for its importance in our era full of violence and crime. It is an issue interesting not only for lawyers but for many other different professions and public in general. My goal was to lay out as much information as possible and talk about some problematic spots regarding the rights of victims and their position not only in the criminal procedure. The first part of my thesis is focused on brief explanation of the history and development of the relatively young science - victimology and basic terms used in victimology. Significant part of the first chapter covers analysis of one simple word "victim". The following part of this paper tries to examine individual elements of the complex assistance provided to crime victims. The third chapter discusses possibilities of financial support to the victims from the government when it is impossible to obtain reparation from the offender. Many countries, including the Czech Republic, have enacted appropriate laws and have also become signatories of the European Convention on the Compensation of Victims of Violent Crimes. The following chapter is concerned with the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the field of crime victim assistance and their cooperation with the...

This dissertation called "The manifestation of chicane among children of the second grade of an elementary school" concetrates on chicane, its manifestation and an appearance of chicane and also reflects its newest form - a cyberchicane. The aspiration of my dissertation is to look at this pathological phenomenon more from the victim's point of view, I come to think of roots of aggressiveness and chicane as well as I pay attention to aggressors and victims of chicane. The aim of my dissertation is to find out ways the victim faces up to attacks of an aggressor and also to find out the effective ways and possibilities to help handling the chicane aftermath. Using a method of a dialog with specialists - pedagogical consultants working in elementary schools and pedagogical and counseling psychology experts - I seek answer to my empirical question. I use casuistry as a companion method. The final part of my dissertation includes a grand summary of acquired knowledge that could be used practically in a subsequent work with victims of chicane. KEYWORDS chicane, cyberchicane, victim, aggressor, intervention,repression, prevention

Criminal aspects of domestic violence SUMMARY Domestic violence is a serious social concern with high level of latency. The domestic violence victims protection is ensured by legal standarts of Civil, Administrative and Criminal Law and other legal standarts. Criminal Law is one of the important instruments for tackling of serious forms of domestic violence. However Criminal Law is an instrument "ultima ratio" which needs claiming of subsidiarity principal of the crime repression. The purpose of my thesis is to bring a summary of the legal standarts of Criminal Substantive Law and Criminal Procedure, that are dedicated to protect the victims of domestic violence. It also provides the brief analyses of the legal standards with respect to this serious phenomenon. The emphasis is put particularly on the criminal offences maltreatment of a person living in common domestic matters, maltreatment of a person in a guardianship and stalking. From procedural point of view the thesis addresses the issue of the consent of the victim to the criminal prosecution, institute of detention and the status of victims in criminal proceedings. The thesis also makes recommendations for the legislation de lege ferenda. Chapter one outlines theoretical and practical findings of domestic violence, defines the notion and describes...

Smetanová, Kristina. Criminal aspects of domestic violence The topic of this thesis is the criminal aspects of domestic violence. The aim of the thesis is to describe this dangerous and complicated social problem and focus on outlining the possibilities of protection under Czech criminal law. The thesis consists of eight chapters. The first chapter explains what the domestic violence is and which sources, types and characters does it have.The second chapter shows who can be the violent person and this part is then divided into two sections according to the sex of the aggressor. Chapter number three illustrates possible victims of domestic violence. The next chapter deals with the types of legal protection that goes beyond criminal law and the chapter presents the Act against Domestic Violence, possibilities of civil court orders as well as it presents the orders issued by the police. Chapter number five points out the main criminal offences committed by aggressors most frequently in domestic violence situations. The sixth chapter shows the most important aspects of criminal proceedings in relation to victims of domestic violence and it especially describes their rights, possibilities and ways of protection during prosecution. The following chapter presents some of the foreign legislations which...

Domestic violence and its prevention The thesis is concerned with the problematics of domestic violence and its prevention. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the legal institutes that are provided by the Czech legislation for protection against domestic violence. The thesis is divided into six chapters each of which adresses special aspects of the problematics. The first chapter introduces the phenomenon of domestic violence. It tries to define the notion of domestic violence, describe its features and forms so that these pieces of information can be used in further parts of the thesis. Subsequently, it deals with theories that try to explain the causes of domestic violence. The second chapter is concerned general characteristics and personal traits of the perpetrator. Attention is also dedicated to gender aspects. The third chapter concentrates on general characteristics of the victim and adresses the process of victimization, i.e. the transformation of a potential victim into a real one. Primary, secondary and tertiary victimization are to be distinguished. The next part describes the mental consequences of the victim of domestic violence. Special attention is given to individual groups of victims - men, children, seniors, women. The fourth chapter surveys the relevant Czech legislation and...

Denna studie hade som syfte att undersöka olika individers föreställningar och uppfattningar om terrorism. För att undersöka detta ämne har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med sex olika individer. Studiens första huvudresultat och även den viktigaste slutsatsen var att olika individer har olika uppfattning om vad terrorism är och hur det ska definieras, men att den gemensamma idén är att målet eller syftet är det som avgör om det rör sig om terrorism. De flesta intervjupersonerna ansåg att både fysiskt och psykiskt skadade människor kan vara offer för terrorism. Huvudresultatet gällande terrorister handlade om föreställningar kring terroristers utseende, till exempel “stort skägg” och “muslimer”. Vad gäller medias framställning av terrorism upplevde de flesta intervjupersoner att media vinklar och utelämnar information, samt har en viss påverkan på deras uppfattning om terrorism. Intervjupersonerna nämnde också en ökad rädsla och oro för terrorism, något som dock inte påverkade deras vardagliga rutiner och handlingar. / This study has exanimated different individuals’ conceptions and perceptions of terrorism. To examine this issue we have done semi-structured interviews with six different individuals. The first main result of the study and the most important conclusion was that different individuals had different perceptions about what terrorism is and how it should be defined. Most of the interviewees counted both physically and psychologically harmed people as victims of terrorism. The main result when it comes to conceptions about terrorists looks was that terrorists have “big beard” and were “Muslims”. When it comes to medias representation of terrorism most of the interviewees believed that media angle and leave out information, and that this had some influence on their perception of terrorism. The interviewees also mentioned an increased fear and concern about terrorism, something that did not affect their daily routines and activities.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Background: Stroke is acknowledged globally and among Nigerian rehabilitation researchers as a public health problem that leave half of its survivors with significant neurological deficits. The attendant sequelae of stroke affects the functional ability, limits activity performance and participation of stroke survivors within the community. The inability to re-establish pre-existing roles after stroke further poses additional challenges on the society, friends and families of the stroke survivor with regards to cost and burden of care. Although stroke disrupt the career pathway of working age survivors briefly, recurrently or permanently; a systematic pathway that facilitates job placement and retention at work for stroke survivors could reduce the devastation and burden caused by unemployment following stroke. As this vocational rehabilitation pathway and programme is currently unavailable for stroke survivors, this study aimed to design a RTW intervention programme that could facilitate the work re-entry for stroke survivors in the state of Osun, Nigeria. Method: The study utilized a multi-phase mixed method research design that was guided by the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework to achieve its objectives. This consisted of three iterative phases that informed one another with the findings culminating into the developed return to work programme for stroke survivors in Osun State. Phase one used a convergent mixed method parallel approach to obtain baseline information on the RTW process, the impairments, activity limitation, and the participation restrictions experienced by stroke survivors in Osun state, Nigeria in two distinct stages that involved a cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews. The cross sectional survey administered questionnaires that included the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Brief Core Sets for vocational rehabilitation (VR) and the Work Impact Questionnaire (WIQ) using the face to face method. Descriptive statistics such as measure of central tendencies and frequencies as well as inferential statistics such as logistic regression analysis were performed on the questionnaire data. The qualitative study involved concept mapping using in-depth interviews with stroke survivors who have and those that have not RTW. The transcripts from the in-depth interviews were analysed using the thematic content method. Phase two entailed a scoping review of literature that reported on interventions aimed at facilitating RTW of stroke survivors. The last phase of the study involved a Delphi study with experts in the field of stroke and vocational rehabilitation. The Delphi survey was conducted over three rounds with the final draft of the RTW programme emerging at the third round. Results: Two hundred and ten stroke survivors with mean age 52.90±7.92 responded to the quantitative stage of the phase thereby yielding a response rate of 76.36%. Sixty three point eight percent of the respondents had returned to work with half of them in full time employment (32.9%) while 36.2% had not returned to work. The majority of the respondents identified that travel to and from work (43.8%) and access at work (43.3%) had an impact ranging from ‘quite a bit’ to ‘extreme’ on their ability to work on the WIQ. The results from the quantitative stage further showed that more than ten percent of the respondents experienced complete problem in four components of activity and participation domains of the ICF brief core sets for VR and these include remunerative employment (21.4%), acquiring new skills (17.1%), non-remunerative employment (16.7%), as well as acquiring, keeping and terminating jobs (14.3%). Similarly, energy and drive functions (41.9%) and higher level cognitive function (36.2%) were indicated as culminating in moderate to severe problems in more than a third of the respondents while the “performance of complex interpersonal relationship” and “exercise tolerance function” resulted in no or little difficulty for the respondents. The findings from the logistic regression analysis showed that the combination of side of body affected by stroke (left), type of vocational rehabilitation programme, symptoms of stroke, environment, body function impairments as well as activity and participation problems were the factors that predict RTW after stroke. The logistic regression model significantly explained 55.0% to 75.4% of the variance in RTW after stroke and correctly classified 89.0% of all the cases/respondents. Results from the qualitative stage of the first phase suggests the lived experience of returning to work after stroke to have entailed three themes that was represented by a concept map. The first theme revealed that “it was difficult to live with stroke” for the survivor. The second theme revealed that the stroke survivors’ environment could either worsen or lessen the difficulty experience while the third theme highlighted the various issues that directly impacted on the resumption of worker role of the participants. The scoping review phase (phase two) identified that RTW interventions for stroke survivors falls into three core components which includes 1) intervention components that interface with the stroke survivor; 2) intervention components that interfaced with the workplace and; 3) components that describe strategies of implementation. These core components are interventions that could guarantee an effective RTW for strokes survivors when included in a RTW programme. In the third phase which was the concluding phase of the study, 13 experts in the field of stroke and vocational rehabilitation unanimously agreed at the third round of Delphi that the content of RTW programme for stroke survivors should include an assessment phase, work intervention training phase, work test placement phase and clients full participation in worker role phase that will span a 12 week duration. The developed RTW programme, conceptualized as Stroke Return to Work Intervention Programme (SReTWIP) was designed to be individually tailored to meet the need of the stroke survivor and implemented by an interdisciplinary team that will include the OT and PT as key members. Equally, the stroke survivor is expected to be involved in the decision making process throughout the duration of the SReTWIP. And finally, the programme is to be coordinated by a case manager who will be a member of the interdisciplinary team. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 63.9% of stroke survivors in Osun State, Nigeria return to work. Problems pertaining to lack of energy and drive functioning; higher level cognitive functioning; acquiring new skills; handling stress and psychosocial demands; travel to and from work and access were the common body impairments and problems with activities and participation restrictions that the stroke survivors encountered. Similarly, the study concludes that a multi-faceted programme, the SReTWIP, comprising of four interconnected phases of interventions that targets multiple factors such as personal and environment factors influencing work resumption is likely to be more effective in facilitating quick RTW after stroke.

Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / Individuals diagnosed with stroke particularly in rural communities have a poor return to work rate. Vocational rehabilitation has been used as an intervention strategy with various types of clients with disability or injury in order to improve their work skills. The aim of the proposed study is to describe the experiences and perceptions of individuals diagnosed with stroke about the usefulness of the Model of Occupational Self Efficacy in assisting them in returning to their worker role particularly in a rural setting. Eight participants were purposively selected from the data base of a local hospital and semi structured interviews were conducted with the participants until saturation occurred. Furthermore, two focus groups were conducted with eight participants. A key informant was also interviewed to assist the researcher with a different perspective and to avoid bias. The data was analysed by means of thematic analysis into codes, categories and themes. Trustworthiness was ensured by means of credibility, applicability, transferability and conformability. Informed consent and confidentiality was ensured. Permission was obtained from the UWC research committee and from the Department of Health. Four themes were merged from the findings: Theme one: Obstacles which affects the return to work of CVA Participants in a rural community. Theme two: Establishing a strong belief in functional ability through occupation. Theme three: Adaptation strategies that enhances the work participation of stroke survivors in a rural community. Finally Theme four: The MOOSE enables transition to the worker role in a rural context. The findings revealed that the participants experienced a loss of their former self thus affecting their worker identity as they were no longer able to experience the gratification of fulfilling their worker role. This was due to the participants not being aware of the return to work options that they had. After the stroke the participants battled with not only overcoming their condition but also the stigma which the community and their employers had of stroke. Overcoming the stroke event and returning to work required that potential barriers and facilitators be identified by the participants and the researcher. The study also identified adaptation strategies that the participants utilised in order to overcome the barriers and assist the participants to have a smoother transition into the workplace. In conclusion the findings of the study revealed that the participants suffer a loss of their former abilities and undergo a loss of their self-esteem. As a result of the loss, participants struggled to return to work not only due to their loss of abilities but also their lack of knowledge regarding return to work and stroke. The findings indicated that there should be more education regarding the stroke that needs to be conducted in communities via media such as local newspapers, local radio stations, clinics and hospitals. The findings of the study may assist Occupational Therapy practitioners to improve services in a rural community for stroke survivors and improve the facilitation of the return to work process after stroke. The MOOSE facilitates motivation for participants to regain their self-esteem and thus move forward to resume a worker role. / 2020-08-31

A evolução tecnológica e a inovação dos recursos médicos tornaram crescentes e impulsionaram a busca por procedimentos realizados pela Medicina no Brasil e, como consequência, o número de erros médicos também aumentou. O erro médico advém de uma conduta inadequada, capaz de produzir dano à vida ou agravo à saúde do seu paciente, por ação ou omissão do profissional médico, mediante a imperícia, imprudência ou negligência. Essa situação tem se tornado cada vez mais comum nos cenários nacional e internacional. No Brasil, não se tem uma dimensão exata do número de pessoas acometidas pelo erro médico, como também, não se têm pesquisas aprofundadas envolvendo a subjetividade e o sofrimento das vítimas na literatura nacional. O objetivo desta tese foi investigar o sentido dado pelas vítimas de erro médico a essa sua condição existencial e também analisar o sofrimento psíquico implicado nesse processo, à luz da perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial e das contribuições de Walter Benjamin. Foi conduzida uma entrevista semiestruturada com uma questão inicial disparadora, realizada com 12 pessoas vítimas de erro médico. Os dados foram tratados a partir da análise de sentido. Pôde-se observar, dentre outros aspectos, que as vítimas inicialmente demoram para acreditar no que estão vivenciando, ficando perplexas e indignadas diante do erro médico do qual foram vítimas. Verificou-se que algumas souberam por outros profissionais da ocorrência do erro, e nenhum dos médicos que cometeu o erro foi o responsável pelo suporte e condução da correção. Assumir que errou foi pouco visto nos 1 É preciso destacar que esta pesquisa não tem o propósito e nem a finalidade de gerar conflito de interesse. discursos e atitudes dos médicos envolvidos. Os sentimentos de ódio, raiva e desespero tomam conta da vivência das vítimas. A rotina de vida se modifica, e as vítimas se tornam, muitas vezes, dependentes e impossibilitadas de continuar com suas responsabilidades e afazeres. As narrativas das vítimas indicaram que cada indivíduo tem seu modo subjetivo de enfrentar e reagir ao erro, e o sofrimento é um elemento peculiar a esse processo. O conceito de erro médico, formulado pelas vítimas, apresenta uma conotação negativa e representa uma atuação profissional sem qualidade, retratando a realidade do contexto sanitário que o País vive, sem respeito e consideração pelo paciente. Sobre o julgamento dos casos, as vítimas destacaram a demora na deliberação do processo e sentiram-se surpresas quanto às brandas punições aplicadas aos médicos condenados. Com base nas reflexões, é possível apontar que o estigma do erro médico tem uma forte ligação com os juízos de valores e culturais impostos no País, o que dificulta a sua aceitação tanto para a vítima quanto para o profissional. A relação médico e paciente tem se mostrado desgastada, sem haver o respeito e consideração à individualidade da pessoa como paciente, distanciando o médico de uma prática humanizada e dos aspectos bioéticos. As narrativas permitem um pensar sobre o sofrimento psíquico das vítimas e ajudam a compreender melhor os aspectos emocionais, comportamentais e sociais de uma vítima de erro médico no Brasil. A partir das análises, identificou-se a necessidade de um olhar mais cauteloso e atento da Psicologia para o cuidado à saúde mental dos envolvidos no erro / The technological evolution and the innovation of medical resources increased and boosted the search for medical procedures in Brazil, and, as a consequence, the number of medical errors has also raised. The medical error results from an inadequate procedure than can either damage the patient´s life or worsen his/her health, and that follows an action or omission of the doctor, because of his/her malpractice, imprudence or negligence. Such a situation has become more and more common both in the national and in the international scene. In Brazil, there is not an exact dimension of the number of people affected by medical errors, nor there is depth research about the victims´ subjectivity and suffering in the national literature. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the meaning the victims of medical errors give to their current existential condition, as well as to analyze the psychic suffering involved in such a process, in the light of the phenomenological-existential perspective and of Walter Benjamin´s contributions. We conducted a semi-structured interview in which there was an initial triggering question with 12 people who were victims of medical error. The data were treated from the analysis of meaning. Among other aspects, we could observe that first it takes a long time for the victims to believe what they are experiencing. They are astonished and indignant as they stand before the error they fell victims to. We found out that some of the victims were informed by other professionals of the occurrence of the error, and that none of the doctors who made the error became responsible for supporting and performing the correction. To assume the error was something that was hardly verified in the speech and attitudes of the doctors involved in the error. Hate, anger and despair are experienced by the victims. The daily routine changes, and a lot of times the victims become dependent and incapable of taking over their previous responsibility and tasks. The victims´ narratives show that each individual has his/her subjective way to face and react to the error, and suffering is a peculiar element of such a process. The victims´ concept of medical error has a negative connotation, and it stands for professional performance without any quality, which portrays the reality of the country´s health context, without any respect or consideration for the patient. As for the judgement of the cases, the victims highlighted the slow process of deliberation, and they were surprised with the light punishment inflicted on the doctors condemned. From our study, we can state that the medical error stigma is strongly tied with the country´s culture and value judgements, which makes it more difficult for the victim and the professional to accept it. The relation between doctor and patient has worn out, without any respect or consideration for the patient´s individuality, which distances the doctor from a humanized practice and bioethical issues. The narratives let us think about the victims´ psychic suffering, and they help us understand better the emotional, social and behavior issues of a victim of medical error in Brazil. From the analyses undertaken, it was identified the need for a more cautious and attentive look of Psychology to the mental health care of the people involved in the error