Even though it may not seem like it at first glance, the phenomenon of rape conceals in fact much more than anyone who has ever faced this problem we are dealing with could say about it. Worse, it is these people, the vast majority of them men, where the tendency is to downplay this crime and, under the influence of ignorance and myths associated with rape or even religion and ideology, often see it as made up by the victims or as completely removed from the intentions of the offender. And because the aim of this work is not only to provide a view of rape in terms of criminal law, but also from a criminological, i.e. view of a number of other scientific disciplines, that this is indeed the case, that rape cannot be seen in this manner, this is also - and no less important - the task of this work. The fundamental part of this work, as a work looking at the issue addressed especially in terms of criminal law, and its main investigative contribution provide not only an analysis of the various elements of the crime of rape, but primarily an attempt within it to completely categorize all hitherto considered and neglected forms of sexual behavior within individual - prescribed by law - forms of sexual intercourse. The same is true then and the main investigative contribution of this work can be...

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the same murder case is being portrayedin three of Swedens biggest true crime podcasts; P3 Dokumentär, True Crime Sweden and Mordpodden. The case that has been studied is the murder of 15 year old Therese Johansson Rojo who was killed in June 2009. She was found dead in a forest in Stureby, Stockholm in Sweden and later on a 16 year old boy and his 16 year old girlfriend got arrested for the murder. Both of them were found guilty, the boy for murder and the girl for conspiracy to commit murder. The study examined similarities and differences in how the three main characters are described in the different podcasts and how gender is being represented. To achieve valid and reliable arguments and results, we have supported our statements in theories and previous research related to crime, gender and framing inmedia. The method that has been used in this study is a qualitative study including toolsas lexicality, modality and rhetoric. The analysis is divided in three parts, one for each main character and with two themes for each part, how their looks and personality are described in the different podcasts. The analysis showed that all three podcasts portray the main characters in similar ways. There is a lot of focus on the looks of the victim, Therese who is being portrayed as a stereotypic girl. She is also described as the ideal victim as a young and innocent girl. The mainly focus is however, especially in Mordpodden and in True crime Sweden, on the 16 year old girl and 16 year old boy and their relationship with each other. The boy and the girl are being described with dichotomies and are not portrayed, unlike Therese, as typical gender stereotypes. The 16 year old girl is mostly described as controlling and the boy is often described as an innocent victim. This means that the girl is being portrayed as masculine and the boy as feminin. By describing Thereseas the ideal victim and the perpetrators based on dichotomies, the podcasts create gender, based on Fagerström and Nilssons (2008) theory about how gender is being created.

This sociological thesis has focus om men´s violence against women, both general and domestic. My aim is to examine how the Swedish court system portrays women as victims and men as offenders in cases with men´s violence against women. I also have a special focus on the perspective of the construction of gender. I executed the thesis by using two qualitive methods; thematic content analysis and observations. The empirical material consisted mainly of court case documents but also of the field notes I took during the observations of two court hearings. My theoretical framework consists of the gender system by Yvonne Hirdman (2003) which mainly describes the different societal positions of power men and women possess and what consequences it has. I’ve also used a victim discourse which examines how victims are expected to act, and react, in connection to be a victim of crime. The thesis showed that the court system in my material maintains stereotypical gender norms regarding the theory of the gender system. It showed considerations based on men´s superior positions and women´s subordinate positions according to the same system. It also showed that the female victims are expected to react according to what the court system see suitable; which in my analyzed cases meant a display of the correct feelings. If the correct feelings were not present, it could affect the outcome of the trial.

O presente trabalho objetiva contribuir para a concretização de um processo penal atento às novas perspectivas trazidas pelo movimento vitimológico, assegurando-se o devido respeito às vítimas de delito e a seus interesses, evitando-se a vitimização secundária. Para tanto, parte de uma análise da atual configuração do processo penal brasileiro, e com apoio em uma pesquisa da literatura jurídica existente, dos documentos internacionais e da legislação estrangeira acerca da matéria, propõe-se uma leitura processual mais conformada com a dignidade da pessoa da vítima, revisitando diversos institutos, lançando questionamentos e mesmo expondo algumas sugestões para modificações no ordenamento jurídico nacional. As proposições levadas a cabo neste trabalho buscam o resgate da dignidade das vítimas de delito e sua participação efetiva no processo, sem implicar um retrocesso no que concerne aos direitos e garantias já assegurados ao acusado. Percebe-se que a inserção da vítima como sujeito processual acaba por conferir um efeito humanizador ao processo penal, dando seguimento à humanização iniciada pelo iluminismo penal, em relação ao acusado. De tudo isso, resulta um processo penal mais evoluído, que tem por foco central o ser humano, e que se transforma em um instrumento de promoção da cidadania por ocasião da violação dos bens jurídicos mais caros à sociedade, tutelados pela norma penal. / This paper aims to contribute to the achievement of a criminal procedure aware of the new perspectives brought by victimologic movement, ensuring due respect for the victims of crime and their interests, avoiding secondary victimization. To this end, part of an analysis of the current configuration of the Brazilian criminal procedure, and support in a survey of the literature existing, international documents and foreign law on the subject, we propose a procedural reading conformed to the dignity of the victim, revisiting several institutes, casting questions and even exposing some suggestions for changes in national law. The propositions carried out this work, seek to rescue the dignity of victims of crime and them effective participation in the process, without implying a setback with respect to the rights and guarantees already provided to the accused. Realizes that the insertion of the victim as a subject gives a humanizing effect to the criminal procedural, following up the humanization initiated by the Enlightenment criminal, relative to the defendant. Thereof, results in a more advanced criminal procedure, which is the central focus of human being, and that becomes an instrument for the promotion of citizenship at the time of the violation of legal goods more expensive to society, protected by the criminal laws.

Este estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre as narrativas de homens denunciados por crimes previstos pela Lei 11.340/2006 (denominada também como Lei Maria da Penha), encaminhados à ONG Coletivo Feminista Sexualidade e Saúde, em São Paulo, para participar do Programa de Responsabilização de Homens Autores de Violência contra a Mulher. Nesta pesquisa, visualizoa questão da violência de gênero sob um ângulo ainda pouco explorado, uma vez que meu olhar situa-se não sobre as denunciantes (não raramente cristalizadas como vítimas), mas sobre os denunciados/agressores. No decorrer do trabalho, demonstrocomo as narrativas verbalizadas nas reuniões do referido grupo reflexivo evidenciam ideias sobre masculinidade, feminilidade, violência, família econjugalidade, além questionarem a legitimidadeda Lei 11.340/2006, através da desestabilizaçãoda categoria vítima. O estudoigualmente visa contribuir com uma discussão metodológica no tocante aos limites e às experimentações do trabalho de campo, produzindo ao mesmo tempo uma reflexão sobre as/os antropólogas/os enquanto sujeitos generificados. / This study proposes a reflection on the narratives of men accused of crimes stipulated by the Law 11.340/2006 (also known as \"Maria da Penha Law\") who were sent to the NGO Coletivo Feminista Sexualidade e Saúde, in São Paulo, to participate in the \"Accountability Program for Male Perpetrators of Violence against Women\". In this research, I see the gender-based violence issue from a perspective yet to be fully explored, since my focus is directed not towards the complainants (not rarely crystallized as \"victims\"), but the reported/\"aggressors\". Throughout this dissertation, I show how the narratives verbalized during the Program\'s meetings highlight ideas about masculinity, femininity, violence, family and conjugality, as well as question the legitimacy of the Law 11.340/2006 through the destabilization of the \"victim\" category. Furthermore, this investigation aims to contribute to a methodological discussion about the limits and experimentations of fieldwork, producing at the same time a reflection on anthropologists as \"gendered\" subjects.

This thesis deals with the reporting of criminal offenses both in terms of individual and procedural criminal law, and from the point of view of the importance of this issue in criminology. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter describes the role of reporting criminal offenses in criminal proceedings. In particular, it deals with the status of the procedure for initiating criminal prosecution in criminal proceedings. It then deals with the very aspects of the procedure for filing a crime report, in particular with crime reporting, its formalities, options in filing a criminal complaint, and procedures following the filing of a criminal complaint, while it points out the issue of imposing the act of closed file. Chapter two highlights the rights of the complainant, the injured and the victim in connection with the reported crime. This chapter addresses issues with informing the injured person or victim at the point of crime reporting. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the right of the complainant to an effective investigation. Chapter three deals with the benefits of crime reporting by its perpetrator as encompassed in the Criminal Code. Chapter four addresses the issue of misuse of the criminal reporting system, especially the possible ways of system abuse and the responsibility for...

Rape has historically been constructed as a women’s issue and, as such, research has focused on female survivors of sexual assault. Current research on the topic indicates that the construction of female rape is structured by stereotypical gender roles and patriarchal/misogynistic structures. However, there is very little research on male rape. This exploratory thesis seeks to fill this gap by exploring how the meaning of male rape is constructed on Twitter posts that contain the hashtag “MaleRape”. Two thousand ninety-two tweets were collected. The final sample was comprised of 840 tweets and qualitative content analysis was the method used to code and organize the data. Preliminary analysis suggested that the constructions varied significantly by region; accordingly, the data were sorted into the following four regions: North America; Europe; Africa; and Asia. The analysis, rooted in critical feminism, explores how male rape is constructed in each region. The findings indicate that there is some consistency across regions, especially with respect to the ways in which patriarchal assumptions led to the denial of male rape and the silencing of survivors. However, there were interesting differences in the various regions. This thesis addresses the influence of heteronormative constructions and calls for more consideration of cultural differences when studying sexual violence.

O presente trabalho estuda os desafios do atendimento interdisciplinar às vítimas de violência e a efetivação dos direitos humanos. O debate em tomo da violência raramente aborda a questão da vítima e da política de assistência às vítimas de violência. Os serviços que oferecem apoio e atendimento às vítimas trabalham geralmente em equipe multidisciplinar e os operadores do direito raramente possuem formação que privilegie o diálogo e troca com outros profissionais. Assim, esse estudo se justifica pela importância da análise sobre a maneira pela qual o direito tem participado do atendimento interdisciplinar à vítima de violência e como isso tem contribuído para promover o respeito aos direitos humanos. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais da área jurídica, psicológica e social que compõem as equipes do Centro de Referência às Vítimas de Violência (CNRVV) e do Centro de Referência e Apoio à Vítima (CRA VI). A partir do discurso desses técnicos, foram analisados como se dá a integração e prática interdisciplinar de atendimento às vítimas de violência nesses centros; quais conceitos ou tipos de vítimas são atendidas no serviço; como o direito tem contribuído no atendimento às vítimas e se a abordagem de direitos humanos é empregada nos atendimentos. A invisibilidade da vítima de violência é verificada na situação de desamparo diante da ausência de medidas legislativas adequadas ao exercício dos direitos das vítimas, na constante vitimização secundária no decorrer de procedimentos judiciais e na inconsistência de uma política de assistência às vítimas de violência. A consolidação dessa política deve se realizar sob o marco dos direitos humanos. O atendimento interdisciplinar a vítimas de violência apresenta desafios ao direito, que ainda tem um lugar a ser desvendado nessa prática. / The present work studies the challenges of the interdisciplinary support for violence victims and the enforcement of human rights. The debate about the violence rarely approaches the question of the victim and the politics of support to the violence victims. The services that provide support for victims generally work with multidisciplinary team and the lawyers do not have background that stimulate the dialogue and the exchanges with other professionals. Thus, this study is important for the analysis on how the law has participated in the interdisciplinary support for violence victim and how it has contributed to promote human rights. For this reason, we carried interviews with professionals of legal, psychological and social area of the Centro de Referência às Vítimas de Violência (CNRVV) and of the Centro de Referência e Apoio à Vítima (CRA VI). From the speech of these teams, we analyzed how these centers integrate different areas in the practical of support for violence victims; how the law has contributed in the support for the victims and if the service provided has human rights approach. The invisibility of the violence victim is verified with the lack of legislative measures to promote the victims\' rights, the (re)traumatization of victims who face the judicial process and the lack of a support policy for violence victims. The consolidation of this policy must incorporate human rights approach. The support for violence victims presents challenges to the law that still has a place to be unmasked in this practical.

Presented thesis is focused on a comprehensive analysis of domestic violence and its prevention. Domestic violence can be described as a deeply rooted socially pathological phenomenon about which the society dares to talk more and more openly over the last few decades. Its unique characteristic does not lay in the form of violence the victim has to endure but in the place in which the violence occurs. It is a private family environment which is hidden from the sight of the public. Due to this aspect domestic violence is not only a serious problem but also a problem that is very difficult to detect and repress. Because of this it is vital to access domestic violence with great care, consistency and expertise. In the first part the thesis focuses on theoretical description of domestic violence, presents possible definitions of the concept, states the characteristics of domestic violence and refutes certain myths which trivialise this social problem. Further in this part an overview of typology of domestic violence and forms of violent conduct is included. The last chapter of the first part is dedicated to analysing the causes of domestic violence and its perpetrators including their classification and possible effects of therapeutic programs for violent persons. This chapter also addresses the...

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-17T13:19:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo César Carbonari_(Protegido).pdf: 2903293 bytes, checksum: 942af39a810c5fb6787eef854089db8f (MD5) Paulo César Carbonari_.pdf: 2903293 bytes, checksum: 942af39a810c5fb6787eef854089db8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T13:19:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Paulo César Carbonari_(Protegido).pdf: 2903293 bytes, checksum: 942af39a810c5fb6787eef854089db8f (MD5) Paulo César Carbonari_.pdf: 2903293 bytes, checksum: 942af39a810c5fb6787eef854089db8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-07 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa propõe-se a mostrar que a vítima tem potencialidade para ser sujeito ético e que esta potencialidade se revela como desafio para a construção de uma proposta de ética a partir da condição da vítima, o que exige a formulação de novos referenciais éticos de racionalidade e de subjetividade. Esta tese central é desenvolvida a partir de referenciais filosóficos buscados na tradição: de um lado aqueles que advogam a necessidade e a inevitabilidade da vítima e produziram uma racionalidade vitimária, representados pelos discursos de G. Sepúlveda, J. Locke e F. Nietzsche; de outro, aqueles que defendem a historicidade da produção da vítima e desenvolveram um pensamento crítico que aponta para a superação da condição da vítima, com W. Benjamin, P. Freire e E. Dussel. Os primeiros se oferecem à crítica destrutiva enquanto os outros elaboraram um pensamento crítico. Desse exercício colhemos bases para uma racionalidade ética a partir da condição de vítima que se torna referencial epistêmico para pensar uma nova subjetividade ética. O objetivo de construir e sistematizar referenciais para compreender a subjetividade ética emergente a partir da vítima, assim como a indicação das condições e das dimensões constitutivas desta subjetividade se apresenta como tarefa de pesquisa. Neste sentido, se tematiza o reconhecimento e a responsabilidade como referenciais constitutivos da nova subjetividade e se trabalha a vida, a participação e a organização como condições de afirmação da subjetividade, junto com a corporeidade, a singularidade e a dignidade como dimensões desta nova subjetividade ética. A pesquisa também discute as exigências éticas decorrentes da subjetividade ética da vítima, considerando a relação com a história, a pedagogia e a política, indicando a necessária complementaridade da ética. A pesquisa conclui afirmando que, considerando os subsídios trazidos pela tradição filosófica e apresentados no estudo das várias posições, é possível reconstruir uma racionalidade ética que assuma a vítima com potência para agir historicamente, compreendendo-a como um sujeito ético desde o qual é possível auferir condições para que uma nova racionalidade e uma nova subjetividade ética emerjam a partir da condição da vítima. / This research aims to show that the victim has the potential to be subject ethical and that this capability is revealed as a challenge for the construction of a proposed ethics from the victim’s condition, which requires the formulation of new ethical parameters of rationality and subjectivity. This central thesis is developed from hot philosophical references in tradition: on one hand those who advocate the need and the inevitability of the victim and produced a victimized rationality, represented by the speeches of G. Sepúlveda, J. Locke and F. Nietzsche; on the other, those who defend the historicity of the victim production and developed a critical thinking which attempts to overcome the victim's condition, with W. Benjamin, P. Freire and E. Dussel. The first offered to the destructive criticism while the others developed critical thinking. This exercise reap basis for an ethical rationality from victimhood that makes epistemic referential to think a new ethical subjectivity. The goal of building and systematize reference to understand the emerging ethical subjectivity from the victim, together with details of the conditions and constitutive dimensions of this subjectivity is presented as a research task. In this sense, it thematizes the recognition and responsibility as constituting references of new subjectivity and working life, participation and organization as the subjectivity claim conditions, along with the corporeality, the uniqueness and dignity as dimensions of this new ethical subjectivity. The research also discusses the ethical requirements of the ethical subjectivity of the victim, considering the relationship with history, pedagogy and politics, indicating the necessary complementarity of ethics. The research concludes that, considering the benefits brought by the philosophical tradition and presented in the study of the various positions, it is possible to reconstruct an ethical rationality that takes the victim with power to act historically, understanding it as an ethical subject from which is possible to derive conditions for a new rationality and new ethics subjectivity can emerge from the victim’s condition.