The paper will clear out the student perspective in order to examine students' attitude towards what would be important to touch on a matter of life. The essay will explore what is important for students to discuss and respond to their environment in schools and perceived to be relevant to talk about in life skills. There is an object which deals with gender and masculinity in the study. The study would examine whether a student perspective on life can affect the current knowledge of gender structures in the school. Qualitative research interviews were carried out in seven students in grade 9 at a school located in inner suburbs of Stockholm. In-terviews were of semi-structured nature and after transcription analyzed with hermeneutic and phe-nomenological method. A theoretical background of theories on life skills and other core subjects has also been behind the thesis conclusions.

published_or_final_version / Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

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Value convergence refers to the empirical finding that in successful psychotherapy patients adopt their therapist's values. This study examines the relationship between therapy outcome and the following predictor variables: The initial similarity of patient and therapist values; patient sensitivity to therapist values; value convergence, changes in dysfunctional beliefs, and patient's ability to predict therapist's values. Previous attempts to define values are examined as well as conceptualizations of the relationship of values to psychotherapy. The empirical research relating to value change and psychotherapy is reviewed. A growing body of literature has largely confirmed the value convergence phenomenon. Methodological weaknesses in this literature are discussed. The related research area in cognitive therapy concerning the relationship of belief changes and depression is also reviewed, followed by a summary of cognitive therapy (CT) theory and practice. A total of 29 depressed older adults were randomly assigned to group CT or to a medication (alprazdam)/supportive therapy condition. The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) assessed value similarity, value convergence and subject predictions of therapist values. A scale developed here, the Treatment Sensitivity Survey (TSS), assessed sensitivity to therapist values. The Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CEQ) measured changes in dysfunctional cognitions. Of these variables only sensitivity to therapist values significantly predicted improvement as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Initial values similarity also predicted value convergence. Subjects in the CT condition evidenced greater value convergence and made more accurate predictions of therapist values.

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