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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Mediação de tensões em bielas utilizando interferometria laser / Stress measurement in rods using laser interferometry

Vaz, Bruno Filipe 08 September 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Auteliano Antunes dos Santos Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T01:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vaz_BrunoFilipe_M.pdf: 3622447 bytes, checksum: 4729491ba809efa80fade4767a7247b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Bielas falham quando submetidas a esforços que ultrapassam seu limite de escoamento. Esses elementos são projetados para suportar tanto esforços em tração quanto em compressão, embora os últimos sejam mais intensos. Para a criação de novas bielas, engenheiros fazem uso de análises de elementos finitos para validar seus desenhos, mas mesmo assim os desenhos atuais dessas peças seguem os modelos desenvolvidos décadas atrás. A validação das análises computacionais dos modelos é feita através de ensaios destrutivos ou medições e análises do produto em uso regular. Engenheiros de desenvolvimento e de testes seriam muito beneficiados por uma ferramenta de ensaios não destrutivos que possibilitassem validar resultados obtidos numericamente rapidamente e a um custo menor que os ensaios tradicionais. A obtenção de campos de tensão pode ser feita através de diversos métodos, dentre os quais se destaca como o mais amplamente utilizado o uso de strain-gauges. Este trabalho avalia o uso do método de medição de tensões em bielas por interferência de padrões de spekle, também conhecido como Eletronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI). As tensões medidas na região plana da alma da biela são comparadas com resultados de elementos finitos. Essa região corresponde à porção interior da alma, excluindo-se as regiões de borda que possuem uma espessura maior. Baseando-se nos conceitos de delineamento de experimentos - DoE (Design of Experiments), foi feito um planejamento dos experimentos com a finalidade de encontrar uma configuração de medições que elimine, ou ao menos minimize a influência de fatores incontroláveis (ruídos). Os ensaios foram realizados em uma biela forjada submetida a esforços compressivos. Concluindo o trabalho foi mostrado que os campos de tensão obtidos pela técnica ESPI estavam em acordo com os resultados obtidos pelo método de elementos finitos, ressaltando assim a utilidade e os benefícios da aplicação da técnica no desenvolvimento de novos produtos que visam um aumento da segurança em componentes de motores / Abstract: Conrods fail when submitted to stresses higher than its yield limit. They are designed to support both compressive and tractive forces, although the first is usually more intense. Engineers use Finite Element simulations to create new shapes, but the main design still follows the one developed several decades ago. The validation of the results is usually performed through destructive tests or field evaluation. Test Engineers and Designers would benefit of a non-destructive tool that would expedite the validation and cost much less than conventional tests. Several possible methods to obtain the stress field of a part might be used, among which the best known and widespread is the use of strain gauges. In this work we evaluate the application of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) to measure stresses in conrods in substitution to the classical techniques. The measurements are performed in the flat surface of the conrod and the results compared with those from Finite Elements simulations. This region corresponds to the inner portion of the rod body, excluding only the edges of it that are slightly thicker. An experimental design was developed, based mainly on the concepts of Design of Experiments - DOE, to eliminate or at least reduce the influence of the uncontrollable factors (noise) over the results. The tests were performed with a conventional forged connecting rod submitted to compressive efforts. In conclusion, we showed that the measurements of the stress and strain fields obtained by the ESPI technique are in accordance with the simulations and that this technique is a very useful tool for design engineers, improving the safety and reducing the development cycle in engine applications / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
22

Market segmentation and factors affecting stock returns on the JSE

Chimanga, Artwell S. January 2008 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / This study examines the relationship between stock returns and market segmentation. Monthly returns of stocks listed on the JSE from 1997-2007 are analysed using mostly the analytic factor and cluster analysis techniques. Evidence supporting the use of multi-index models in explaining the return generating process on the JSE is found. The results provide additional support for Van Rensburg (1997)'s hypothesis on market segmentation on the JSE.
23

Zhodnocení hospodaření a sestavení rozpočtu vybrané neziskové organizace / Evaluation of Management and Budgeting of a chosen Non-Profit Organization

Hudziecová, Barbora January 2014 (has links)
This thesis deals with the management and Analysis of budgeting selected non-profit organization that is funded organization Centre for Social Services Jindřichův Hradec. This organization is the largest provider of social services in the South Bohemian Regi-on. For efficient using of resources organization must be known their financial situation which can be evaluated using financial analysis which reveals weaknesses in the ma-nagement of the organization. The causes of these deficiencies can be identified by Ana-lysis of varience prepared for each of the years. This deficience is in the case of selected organization prarticulary problematic communication with health insurance company VZP ČR within the payment of reimbursement for rahabilitation and nursing care be-cause of which the organization was founded in 2012 loss. Based on the findings will be made appropriate recommendations in the discussion.
24

A Study on the Correlation of Bivariate And Trivariate Normal Models

Orjuela, Maria del Pilar 01 November 2013 (has links)
Suppose two or more variables are jointly normally distributed. If there is a common relationship between these variables it would be very important to quantify this relationship by a parameter called the correlation coefficient which measures its strength, and the use of it can develop an equation for predicting, and ultimately draw testable conclusion about the parent population. This research focused on the correlation coefficient ρ for the bivariate and trivariate normal distribution when equal variances and equal covariances are considered. Particularly, we derived the maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLE) of the distribution parameters assuming all of them are unknown, and we studied the properties and asymptotic distribution of . Showing this asymptotic normality, we were able to construct confidence intervals of the correlation coefficient ρ and test hypothesis about ρ. With a series of simulations, the performance of our new estimators were studied and were compared with those estimators that already exist in the literature. The results indicated that the MLE has a better or similar performance than the others.
25

Comparing the Statistical Tests for Homogeneity of Variances.

Mu, Zhiqiang 15 August 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Testing the homogeneity of variances is an important problem in many applications since statistical methods of frequent use, such as ANOVA, assume equal variances for two or more groups of data. However, testing the equality of variances is a difficult problem due to the fact that many of the tests are not robust against non-normality. It is known that the kurtosis of the distribution of the source data can affect the performance of the tests for variance. We review the classical tests and their latest, more robust modifications, some other tests that have recently appeared in the literature, and use bootstrap and permutation techniques to test for equal variances. We compare the performance of these tests under different types of distributions, sample sizes and true ratios of variances of the populations. Monte-Carlo methods are used in this study to calculate empirical powers and type I errors under different settings.
26

Multiple Comparisons under Unequal Variances and Its Application to Dose Response Studies

Li, Hong 28 September 2009 (has links)
No description available.
27

Modélisation statistique pour la recherche de gènes différentiellement exprimés: modèles de variance-covariance, analyse séquentielle et méta-analyse

Marot, Guillemette 09 September 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Les puces à ADN permettent d'étudier simultanément l'expression de plusieurs milliers de gènes à partir de peu d'individus biologiques. Trois approches sont considérées dans cette thèse pour résoudre les problèmes de sensibilité dans la recherche de gènes différentiellement exprimés: la modélisation des variances-covariances, l'analyse séquentielle et la méta-analyse. La première et la troisième partie reposent principalement sur des approches dites de 'shrinkage' qui estiment les valeurs de chaque gène à partir de l'information provenant de l'ensemble des gènes. En diminuant le nombre de paramètres à estimer, elles permettent d'augmenter la sensibilité. La modélisation des variances se révèle particulièrement utile dans le cas d'expériences avec de petits échantillons. La modélisation des covariances est quant à elle particulièrement pertinente pour les études de suivi longitudinal où les mesures sont répétées sur les mêmes individus au cours du temps. Côté analyse séquentielle, la sensibilité est étudiée en tant que règle d'arrêt. On cherche alors à arrêter une expérience en cours dès que ce critère dépasse un certain seuil, afin d'en diminuer les coûts. La méta-analyse est ensuite étudiée dans un contexte beaucoup plus général que celui de l'analyse séquentielle où on combinait les analyses intermédiaires. Elle permet de gagner de la sensibilité en regroupant des résultats d'études individuelles qui ne sont pas comparables directement mais qui répondent à une même question biologique. La méta-analyse est abordée à la fois sous l'angle fréquentiste (combinaison de grandeurs des effets ou combinaison de p-values) et sous l'angle bayésien.
28

Parâmetros genéticos em populações de soja derivadas de cruzamentos simples e múltiplos, conduzidas por três diferentes métodos de avanço de gerações

Sordi, Daniel de [UNESP] 30 July 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sordi_d_me_jabo.pdf: 1556944 bytes, checksum: 276e45c56ee2b5db2a921fe5c600f370 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A variabilidade genética é um dos fatores mais importantes para o melhoramento de plantas, a partir do qual será conduzido todo o processo seletivo. Essa variabilidade pode ser ampliada através da utilização de cruzamentos múltiplos e melhor explorada sob diferentes métodos de condução das populações segregantes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi detectar variabilidade através de estimativas de parâmetros genéticos em genótipos derivados do avanço de gerações por três diferentes métodos de condução: Single Seed Descent (SSD), Single Pod Descent (SPD) e Genealógico (Pedigree). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação climatizada e na área experimental do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp-Jaboticabal. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos aumentados, onde foram avaliados 324 genótipos de soja na geração F7 previamente desenvolvidos no Programa de Melhoramento de Soja da FCAV/UNESP, oriundos de cruzamentos biparentais, quádruplos e óctuplos. Foram obtidas estimativas de variâncias, herdabilidades e ganhos genéticos para os três tipos de cruzamentos nos três métodos. Pela análise de divergência foram agrupados os genótipos mais similares para cada método. Os métodos SSD e SPD foram os mais promissores para aumentos de variabilidade nos três tipos de cruzamentos. O método genealógico promoveu as maiores estimativas de herdabilidade e os maiores ganhos genéticos. Os genótipos de cruzamentos quádruplos foram os que mais se agruparam / Genetic variability is one of the most important factors for plant breeding, which lead the selective process. This variability can be enlarged by multiple crosses and explored under different breeding methods on segregate populations. Thus, the aim of this work was to detect variability using genetic parameters estimates in genotypes obtained by different methods: Single Seed Descent (SSD), Single Pod Descent (SPD) e Pedigree. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions, and in the experimental field of Crop Production Department at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp-Jaboticabal. Augmented blocks was used as the experimental design. 324 soybean genotypes in generation F7 from FCAV Soybean Breeding Program, derived from 2-way, 4-way and 8-way crosses, were evaluated. Variance, heritability and genetic gains estimates were obtained for the three types of crosses on three methods. By divergence analysis, most similar genotypes were grouped for each method. SSD and SPD methods were the most promising for variability increases. Pedigree method has promoted the higher estimates for heritability and genetic gains. Genotypes from four-way crosses were highly grouped
29

Comparação da eficiência de dois planos de amostragem de milho para análise de micotoxinas / Efficiency comparison of two sampling plans for mycotoxin analysis in maize

Mallmann, Adriano Olnei 01 March 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this research was to evaluate variability and performance of two maize sampling plans for mycotoxins quantification. Eleven maize lots were sampled using two distinct sampling methods: manual, using a sampling spear, and automatic, using a continuous flow sampling. Total variability and variability from each step of the analysis procedure (sampling, sample preparation, and analysis) for results of aflatoxins, fumonisin, and zearalenone were determined in 8, 11, and 5 lots respectively for each sampling plan. Those variances were compared, for each mycotoxin, between the two sampling plans using a multifactor analysis of variance. Distribution of the quantification results for aflatoxins and zearalenone were compared among four theoretical distribution models. The acceptance/rejection probabilities of a lot with determined aflatoxins or zearalenone concentration were determined using calculated variances and the information on the selected distribution to plot an operation characteristic curve (OC). Sampling and total variances were lower on the automatic sampling plan for aflatoxins, fumonisins, and zearalenone quantification. The OC curve from automatic sampling plan for aflatoxins and zearalenone quantification reduces the consumer end seller risks when compared with the OC curve from the manual sampling plan. The automatic sampling plan is more efficient than the manual one for mycotoxins quantification in maize, reducing lot classification error, and providing more safety in commercial transactions. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade e o desempenho de dois planos de amostragem de milho para quantificação de micotoxinas. Amostraram-se 11 lotes de milho, através de dois planos de amostragem: o manual, utilizando-se o calador graneleiro e o automático, utilizando-se a amostragem em fluxo contínuo. De cada plano amostral determinaram-se a variabilidade total e as variabilidades das etapas de amostragem, preparação e análise dos resultados de aflatoxinas, fumonisinas e zearalenona em 8, 11 e 5 lotes, respectivamente. Essas variâncias foram comparadas, para cada micotoxina, entre os dois planos de amostragem utilizando a análise de variância multifatorial. As distribuições dos resultados de quantificação das aflatoxinas e zearalenona foram comparadas entre quatro modelos de distribuições teóricas. Determinaram-se as probabilidades de aceitação e rejeição de um lote com determinadas concentrações de aflatoxinas ou zearalenona, utilizando-se a variância e as informações da distribuição selecionada para montar as curvas características de operação (CO). A variância da amostragem e a variância total foram menores no plano de amostragem automático para quantificação de aflatoxinas, fumonisinas e zearalenona. A curva CO do plano de amostragem automático, para quantificação de aflatoxinas e zearalenona reduz os riscos do consumidor e do produtor em relação à curva CO do plano de amostragem manual. O plano de amostragem automático é mais eficiente que o plano de amostragem manual para quantificação de micotoxinas em milho diminuindo, portanto, o erro na classificação de lotes significando, pois, maior segurança nas relações comerciais.
30

Risks in Financial Markets

Pai, Yu-Jou 02 June 2020 (has links)
No description available.

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