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Palynologická syntéza pro Českou republiku / Palynological synthesis for the Czech RepublicAbraham, Vojtěch January 2015 (has links)
The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity...
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Vegetationsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen in der westlichen Prignitz, dem östlichen Hannoverschen Wendland und der nördlichen Altmark / Studies on the vegetation history in the western Prignitz, eastern Hannoverschen Wendland and northern AltmarkChristiansen, Jörg 30 April 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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Late Quaternary landscape dynamics in the Podocarpus National Park region in the southeastern Andes of Ecuador / Spätquartäre Landschaftsdynamik in der Region des Podocarpus National Parks in den südlichen Ostanden EcuadorsBrunschön, Corinna 09 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Palynologische Untersuchungen zur Geschichte von Umwelt und Besiedlung im südwestlichen Harzvorland (unter Einbeziehung geochemischer Befunde) / Pollenanalytical studies on environmental andsettlement history of the southwestern part of the harz mountain foreland (including geochemical results)Begemann, Ina 06 November 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Late Quaternary Vegetation History And Climate Change In The Gobi Desert, South Mongolia / Spätquartäre Vegetationsgeschichte und Klimaveränderungen in der Wüste Gobi, südliche MongoleiMurad, Waheed 28 June 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Vegetation, climate and environmental dynamics of the Black Sea/Northern Anatolian region during the last 134 ka obtained from palynological analysisShumilovskikh, Lyudmila 06 March 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Patterns of Mountain Vegetation Dynamics and their Responses to Environmental Changes in the South Ecuadorian AndesJantz, Nele 30 May 2013 (has links)
El sur de los Andes Ecuatorianos alberga una extraordinaria riqueza de especies. Muchos factores ambientales diferentes influyen entre sí en un espacio muy limitado y crean ecosistemas únicos y complejos. Sin embargo, esta área está altamente en peligro debido al creciente impacto humano a través de la intensificación del uso de la tierra y cambio global. Sólo poco se sabe acerca de la historia paleoecológica y dinámica del paisaje de esta zona. Sin embargo, la información acerca del por qué y cómo los ecosistemas han cambiado en el pasado es crucial para el desarrollo de estrategias innovadoras para la conservación y futuras predicciones del clima. En este estudio, presentamos los análisis palinológicos realizados en la región sur de los Andes Ecuatorianos, que ayudan aclarar los patrones y procesos de los ecosistemas presentes y pasados.
El estudio paleoecológico de la cuenca volcánica Quimsacocha en la cresta oriental de la Cordillera Occidental revela cambios del clima, la vegetación y del régimen del fuego desde el período del Holoceno temprano. El Holoceno medio fue un período de severos cambios ambientales debido a un clima más seco y supuestamente más cálido en esta área. Durante el Holoceno tardío, varias fases cálidas y frías se indican en el registro. El fuego estuvo presente en la zona desde el Holoceno temprano y puede ser el primer signo del impacto humano. El análisis multivariado combinado con otros núcleos de sedimentos en el sur de los Andes Ecuatorianos reveló acontecimientos, en parte, contrastantes, los cuales supuestamente son debido a la heterogeneidad ambiental de los diferentes sitios.
Por otra parte, un estudio de tres años entre la relación lluvia de polen actual – vegetación se llevó a cabo en la región del Parque Nacional Podocarpus, con el fin de comprender los patrones de dispersión de polen de los diferentes tipos de vegetación del bosque premontano, bosque montano bajo, bosque montano alto y páramo para crear una base más sólida para la interpretación de los datos de polen fósil. Una comparación entre la abundancia y los datos de presencia-ausencia a nivel de familia para el polen y la vegetación mostró que los patrones de diversidad, distribución y abundancia tienen una buena correspondencia el uno con el otro en ambos conjuntos de datos. Sin embargo, cantidades variables del polen transportado de larga distancia, la productividad desigual de polen de los diferentes taxones y los sistemas heterogéneos del viento impactan los patrones. Los análisis de las tasas de acumulación de polen indican poca variación interanual pero una alta variación espacial en los datos de polen. La evaluación de los dos diferentes tipos de trampa de polen utilizados con frecuencia en estudios palinológicos tropicales, la trampa Oldfield modificada y la trampa Behling, en comparación con muestras de suelo superficial y una trampa de referencia, mostró que en las muestras de suelo, los taxones con una exina frágil se representan en menor medida que en las trampas. Además, señaló que mientras que en el bosque, todos los tipos de trampas proporcionan resultados similares, la trampa Behling se debe preferir en el páramo, ya que resiste mejor a la alta radiación y periodos de sequía.
Todos los análisis amplían el conocimiento preciso y completo de la dinámica de la vegetación de los Andes Tropicales en el espacio y el tiempo.
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Vegetation history and human-environment interactions through the late Holocene in Konar Sandal, Kerman, SE IranGurjazkaite, Karolina January 2017 (has links)
The Jiroft valley, in southeastern Iran, was an important agricultural centre since the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BCE). The valley is characterized by harsh environmental settings: hot climate with poor rainfall. However, more optimal conditions may have prevailed earlier that supported ancient settlements. A 250-cm sediment core was retrieved from a peat-land at Konar Sandal, a major archaeological find attributed to Jiroft culture. The palynological data from this core was combined with geochemical and sedimentological proxies aimed at establishing the human-environment interactions in the area. The study focus was directed at vegetation history and landscape evolution, hydroclimatic changes and past human activities, that started just after the projected collapse of the Jiroft (4 ka) and extended all the way from the late Bronze Age to the Mongol invasion (0.6 ka). The results indicate that the valley was dominated by Saharo-Sindian open pseudo-savannah vegetation for the last 4000 years. However, due to anthropogenic clearance and intensified agro-pastoral activities, and also climatic factors, the land cover shifted from open xeric scrubland forests to more open, degraded landscapes. The principal human practice in these early settlements was cereal cultivation. But it is likely that during the more arid periods, communities retreated and abandoned agriculture, facilitating successional processes. Such droughts occurred in 4-3.8 ka and 3.4-2.8 ka and were supported by palynological data, C/N and Fe2O3 content. Peat formation was characteristic to the wetland during these arid periods. These droughts corresponded to drought phases detected in other studies, and were attributed to changes in Siberian Anticyclones. Dynamics of Artemisia and desert shrubs indicate milder climate around 3.8-3.4 ka and 2.8-0.6 ka. In the latter episode, during the rule of Persian Empire (ca. 550 BCE-650 CE) and Islamic epoch, the highest vegetation degradation state and most intensive human activities were observed. Some inconspicuous human practices, such as date cultivation, may have occurred on site as an adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. / High-resolution paleolimnological records from Lake Jazmurian: Climate-culture evolution at Jiroft in southeast Iran during the Holocene
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Variabilités climatiques, régimes de feux et dynamiques de la végétation le long d’un gradient longitudinal est-ouest en forêt boréale du Québec au cours des 8500 dernières annéesFeussom Tcheumeleu, Augustin 09 1900 (has links)
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle entre l'Université de Montréal et l'Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté / Les feux, le climat et leurs interactions sont des facteurs clés de la dynamique des forêts boréales. Dans un contexte où les changements climatiques en cours augmentent les risques d’incendies, une hausse de la fréquence des feux constitue une menace pour les populations locales (qualité de l’air, risques sanitaires, décès, etc.), les ressources forestières (déforestation, baisse de volume bois, etc.) et l’environnement (perte d’habitats naturels, hausse des émissions de CO2, pollution diverse, etc.). Comprendre les dynamiques passées aidera à gérer durablement les forêts boréales et à anticiper les effets des changements climatiques futurs.
A l'aide d’analyses paléoécologiques multiproxies (chironomes, charbon de bois, pollen) de trois carottes sédimentaires (lacs Mista et Adèle (est du Québec), Aurélie (Ouest du Québec)), nous avons documenté les interactions à long terme entre le climat, le feu et la végétation le long d’un gradient longitudinal est-ouest du Québec au cours des 8500 dernières années.
Nos résultats suggèrent l'existence d'un fort contraste de températures estivales entre l'est et l'ouest du Québec avant 7000 ans AA (avant l’actuel). Dans l'est, durant cette période, l'influence indirecte des vestiges de l'Inlandsis Laurentidien et les conditions de surface de l'océan contrebalancent l'insolation maximale pour induire des conditions estivales plus fraîches. La température estivale maximale n'est atteinte qu'entre 6000 et 5000 ans AA. L'ouest du Québec est peu ou pas affecté par ces influences et l'évolution des températures semble parallèle à la diminution de l'insolation pendant l'été, avec un maximum de températures autour de 7500 ans AA.
Les changements de températures estivales ne semblent pas jouer un rôle prépondérant sur la dynamique de la végétation et des feux à l’est du Québec. La dynamique à long terme de la pessière à mousses de l’est est contrôlée, entre autres, par la taille et la fréquence des feux. Au lac Adèle, la pessière à mousses s'est ouverte vers 3000 ans AA. Mais le seuil de résilience de Picea mariana a probablement été dépassé vers 1500 ans AA, conduisant à la transformation de la pessière à mousses en pessière à lichens. Des incendies récurrents à intervalles rapprochés semblent être le principal mécanisme de déclenchement. Au lac Mista, la pessière à mousses s'est ouverte vers 2000 ans AA, mais elle s’est probablement redensifiée au cours des 300 dernières années. Bien que la pessière à mousses semble résiliente, elle reste dans un état d'équilibre précaire car la fréquence des incendies pourrait augmenter dans le contexte du changement climatique et déclencher la transformation de la pessière à mousses en pessière à lichens.
A l’opposé des sites à l’est du Québec, à Aurélie (ouest du Québec), les feux semblent moins récurrents avec le refroidissement de la température estivale. Il existe une relation entre les variations de température estivale et la végétation. Il y a donc un contraste entre l’est et l’ouest sur les processus de contrôle de la dynamique de la végétation. / Fire, climate and their interactions are key factors in the dynamics of boreal forests. In a context where the ongoing climate change is increasing fire risk, a rise in fire frequency poses a threat to local populations (air quality, health risks, deaths, etc.), forest resources (deforestation, drop in timber volume, etc.) and the environment (loss of natural habitats, rise in CO2 emissions, various types of pollution, etc.). Understanding past dynamics will help to manage boreal forests sustainably and anticipate the effects of future climate change.
Using multiproxy paleoecological analyses (chironomids, charcoal, pollen) of three sediment cores (lakes Mista and Adèle (eastern Quebec), Aurélie (western Quebec)), we have documented the long-term interactions between climate, fire and vegetation along a longitudinal east-west gradient in Quebec over the past 8500 years.
Our results suggest the existence of a strong contrast in summer temperature between eastern and western Quebec prior to 7000 years BP (before present). In the east, during this period, the indirect influence of the remnants of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and ocean surface conditions offset maximum insolation to induce cooler summer conditions. Maximum summer temperatures were only reached between 6000 and 5000 cal yr BP. Western Quebec is little or unaffected by these influences, and the evolution of temperatures parallels the decrease in insolation during summer, with a temperature maximum around 7500 cal yr BP.
Changes in summer temperatures are probably not the main factor controlling fire and vegetation dynamics in eastern Quebec. The long-term dynamic of the eastern spruce-moss forest is controlled, among other things, by the size and frequency of fires. At Lake Adèle, the spruce-moss forest opened around 3000 cal yr BP. But the resilience threshold of Picea mariana was probably exceeded around 1500 cal yr BP, leading to the transformation of the spruce-moss forest into a lichen woodland. Recurrent fires at short intervals seem to be the main triggering mechanism. At Lake Mista, the moss forest opened around 2000 cal yr BP, but has probably redensified over the last 300 years. Although the spruce-moss forest seems resilient, it remains in a precarious state of equilibrium, as the frequency of fires could increase in the context of climate change, triggering the transformation of the spruce-moss forest into a lichen woodland.
In contrast to the sites in eastern Quebec, in Aurélie (western Quebec), fires seem to recur less frequently as summer temperatures cool. There is a relationship between summer temperature variations and vegetation. There is therefore a contrast between east and west in terms of the processes controlling vegetation dynamics.
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Studies of vegetation, fire and climate dynamics during the late Quaternary as contribution towards conservation and management of the biodiversity hotspot Mata Atlântica in southern Brazil / Studien zur Vegetations-, Feuer- und Klimadynamik im Spätquartär als Beitrag zum Schutz und Management des Biodiversitätszentrums Mata Atlantica in SüdbrasilienJeske-Pieruschka, Vivian Luciana 20 January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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