La voix dans sa substance acoustique est un trait primaire dans l'identité d'un individu : c'est une partie de l'habitus social, elle indique l'appartenance à un groupe, à une classe, à une culture. L'importance de la gestion vocale, déjà mise en évidence par la Actio dans la rhétorique, réside dans la capacité de susciter ou d'éteindre les émotions et l'attention ; d'exercer le pouvoir de persuasion d'un discours, soit auprès d'une grande audience, soit auprès d'un seul interlocuteur.En fonctions des contextes, elle se pose comme un instrument d'échange, de dévoilement de l'intériorité, de contrôle (de soi et des autres). Par rapport à ces conditions, cette recherche porte sur l'imaginaire vocal de la période 1830-1871, très conflictuelle au niveau politique-social, avec des establishments restaurateurs en lutte contre des spectres révolutionnaires. Une période qui témoigne, aussi, d'un renforcement de la notion d'opinion publique et de la naissance de produits annonçant la communication de masse, où la persuasion exprimée par la voix, acquiert un rôle de premier plan. On considère donc l'emploi de la voix dans une typologie spécifique de conversations, celles qui sont insérées dans les produits culturels pour le grand public, comme le roman et l'opéra à cette époque-là. Les dialogues fictifs « transfigurés », assignés aux personnages sont analysés comme une forme particulière des témoignages d'une période dépourvue de technologies d'enregistrement audio. Grâce à la diffusion minutieuse sur le territoire et à l'emploi socialement stratifié, le mélodrame en Italie, le roman en France et en Grande Bretagne, sont parmi les principaux instruments dans la circulation des idées et, par conséquent, dans la proposition de modèles de comportement et de goût. Ces textes permettent de se mesurer avec le rôle et avec les fonctions de la voix, révélateurs de rapports sociaux filtrés par les auteurs. Notamment, lorsque ces derniers sont Victor Hugo, Giuseppe Verdi et Charles Dickens, des monuments nationaux de la société post-Révolution et appartenant à des cultures et à des modèles d'Etat, avec des problématiques spécifiques et ayant un rapport différent avec 1789. Le concept-clé, dans cette recherche, est le rôle d'interstice de la voix-son dans le texte écrit, par laquelle, selon notre thèse, émergent des informations fondamentales (et conflictuelles) sur la vision du monde proposée et sur la société d'appartenance, au-delà de ses stratégies officielles de communication. En particulier, par rapport au contrôle des émotions et à l'exercice du pouvoir, à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du cadre de l'intrigue, c'est-à-dire entre les personnages-individus et entre l'auteur et le public. La Première Partie analyse l'habitus vocal ; les rapports de pouvoir, le jugement des différentes émotions reconnaissables dans les modèles du comportement vocal proposés même au niveau subliminal ; le degré d'ouverture ou de défense dans la communication. Soit dans le protagoniste-locuteur (avec ce qui ensuit, même en fonction de sa crédibilité, de son ethos) ; soit dans les personnages principaux engagés dans des conversations significatives, concernant la sphère affective (entre partenaires, parents et fils) et celle politique (entre sujets et souverain). La deuxième partie s'occupe du rôle de la voix-son par rapport aux autres deux éléments de la persuasion, pathos et logos. On prend en considération les problématiques posées par les protagonistes comme orateurs, par rapport à leurs performances dans les points principaux du texte (exorde, finale, dialogues où le personnage principal joue son destin). On porte l'attention sur l'Actio et sur la « bienséance », sur leurs effets référés aux personnages à l'intérieur de l'intrigue, aussi bien que sur le conséquences vis-à-vis du public. Notamment émerge le sens attribué à la parole-sonore, à une forme paradoxale « d'oralité écrite », ou « d'écriture oralisée » dans la société du XIX siècle. / The voice, in its acoustic essence, is the main signal of identity of an individual, it is a part of his social habitus. It shows his membership to a group, to a class, to a culture. The importance of vocal behaviour it was stressed by the Actio since ancient rhetoric and it resides in the capacity of raising or extinguishing emotions and attention; in the power of persuasion towards a big audience, or towards a single interlocutor. Voice is a means of contact, it reveals or it hides interiority, it is an instrument of self or of social control. This research concerns the vocal imagination during the years between 1830 and 1871, a period of strong political and social disputes. A period where mass communication starts his way, and with it, the importance of the persuasive effects of the voice takes an important place. This research turns its particular attention to a specific use of the voice: fictional conversations, in novels and operas, enjoyed by a large audience. Opera in Italy, novels in France and in Great Britain are the main instruments for divulgation of ideas and for promotion of patterns of behaviour, thanks to their diffusion in that period. These texts deal with the role and functions of the voice, and discover social relations and the interpretation of the reality traced by the authors. Especially when they are national monuments like Victor Hugo, Giuseppe Verdi and Charles Dickens, who live in a post-revolutionary historic context, in Countries having different social and economical structures, and different relations with 1789 events. The key-concept of this research is the interstice role played by the voice in a written text. Through it, very important (and conflicting) information may appear, concerning the interpretation of the reality advanced by the author, outside his same conscious control about emotions and exercise of power, inside and outside the plot dimension. Among the characters, and between authors and public. The first part considers the vocal habitus; the power relations, the “right” and the “censured” emotions; the degree of opening or closing of a communication. In the protagonist-speaker (with his credibility, his ethos) and in the main characters involved in speeches with a symbolic significance, in affection context (partners and parental relationships) and authority context (sovereign-subjects). The second part analyses the role of voice-sound towards the other elements of persuasion: pathos and logos, and especially the problems prompted by the protagonists as orators in their performances in the main point of the text (exordium, end, speeches where the character fights for his destiny). This research pays attention to the Actio, and to the “decorum-prepon”, to their effects on the characters inside the plot, and outside of it. So, the significance given to the resonant words can emerge, a paradoxical form of written orality, or “oralized” writing in XIX century society.

Ce mémoire porte sur la récupération politique de la figure et des œuvres du compositeur Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) pendant la période fasciste en Italie (1922-1943), et plus précisément à l’occasion des manifestations relatives aux célébrations du quarantième anniversaire de sa mort en 1941, alors que l’Italie est en guerre contre la France et l’Angleterre. Le premier chapitre explore le développement du mythe de Verdi, et montre comment le compositeur est graduellement transformé en héros national pour devenir une icône de l’art lyrique italien, s’inscrivant dans un effort de glorification du passé pour la promotion d’un esprit nationaliste italien pour, ultimement, attester de la suprématie du pouvoir fasciste. Le deuxième chapitre propose une étude de l’organisation des festivités de 1941; il se penche aussi bien sur les événements musicaux que sur les discours et les publications, pour ensuite présenter une analyse plus approfondie des célébrations organisées à Parme. Il y est question de la riche réception des manifestations, qui assurent l’entretien et la fortification du mythe verdien. Le troisième chapitre analyse les éléments discursifs entourant les festivités, afin de démontrer que l’encensement de la figure de Verdi suit diverses lignes de force qui convergent vers la représentation fasciste de la civilisation italienne. Par l’exploitation des sujets nationalistes véhiculés dans ses opéras, la restitution de son image révolutionnaire et patriotique et l’exaltation de son génie, présenté comme étant à la fois italien et universel, les adhérents du régime ont entretenu et développé le mythe Verdi selon le canon de l’idéologie fasciste. Le but ultime de ce mémoire est de montrer comment, pendant la période fasciste et plus particulièrement au cours des célébrations de 1941, Verdi a fait l’objet d’une récupération idéologique visant à appuyer la légitimité du pouvoir en place pour créer une hégémonie favorable au climat de consensus nécessaire au régime en temps de guerre. / This thesis focuses on the political recovery of the figure and works of the composer Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) during the fascist period in Italy (1922-1943), and more specifically in 1941 during the celebrations commemorating the fortieth anniversary of his death, a moment in time which coincided with Italy’s war against France and England. The first chapter explores the development of Verdi’s myth and sheds light on how the composer was gradually transformed into a national hero to become an icon of Italian opera. This was part of a wider effort to glorify the past in order to promote an Italian nationalist spirit, and ultimately, attest to the supremacy of the fascist power. The second chapter studies the organization of the festivities of 1941; it examines musical events as well as speeches and publications, and presents a more in-depth analysis of the celebrations organized in Parma. It deals with the rich reception of the manifestations, which assure the maintenance and the fortification of the Verdian myth. The third chapter analyzes the discursive elements surrounding the festivities, in order to demonstrate that the exalting of Verdi’s figure follows various lines of force that converge towards the fascist representation of the Italian civilization. By exploiting nationalist subjects conveyed in his operas, restoring his revolutionary and patriotic image and exalting his genius, presented as being both Italian and universal, the adherents of the regime maintained and nurtured a Verdian myth according to the fascist’s cannon. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to show how, during the fascist period and more specifically during the celebrations of 1941, Verdi was subjected to an ideological appropriation that aimed, on the one hand, at given the legitimacy to the fascism authority and on the other, establish a climate of social consensus essential to the exercise of power during wartime.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-10T13:59:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bárbara Bueno Garibaldi.pdf: 1862608 bytes, checksum: c688dab92ed4bbf9d82b57e1e1de2dc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T13:59:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bárbara Bueno Garibaldi.pdf: 1862608 bytes, checksum: c688dab92ed4bbf9d82b57e1e1de2dc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / The 19th century Europe has passed for many transformations, among they, the setting of italian unification. This political process had the support of some personalities, as Giuseppe Verdi, one of the most important italian opera composers. Between his most famous compositions, La Traviata stands out for its big sucess in the after year of debut. In its first presentation, this opera were strongly criticized. This research discusses the reception of this drama by the bourgeoisie, through the libretto and literary and historical plot, analyzes few aspects of period. Thus, this opera were considered imoral and offensive for good customs of italian bourgueois society, who recognized his own defects in this spectacle / A Europa do século XIX passou por diversas transformações, entre elas, a consolidação da unificação italiana. Este processo político contou com o apoio de algumas personalidades, como Giuseppe Verdi, um dos mais importantes compositores de ópera italianos. Entre suas composições mais famosas, La Traviata destaca-se por seu grande sucesso, no ano posterior à sua estreia. Em sua primeira apresentação, esta ópera foi duramente criticada. Esta pesquisa, discute a recepção da obra pela burguesia, através do libreto e tramas literária e histórica, analisa alguns aspectos do período. Desta forma, esta ópera foi considerada imoral e ofensiva aos bons costumes da sociedade burguesa italiana, que reconheceu seus próprios defeitos neste espetáculo

If one painstakingly analyzes and compares the novel, the theatrical and the libretto versions of Marguerite-Violetta, a several-time reborn character from the novel and drama Camille, one notices striking differences and gleans useful insights as to the peculiarity of the three genres involved (novel, theatre and opera) and as to the reductive work of the libretto writer who, by modifying the roles of the characters and the values they channel, achieves a synthesis that has no match in the works he draws from. / This thesis aimed precisely at highlighting the intervening differences among the three genres, while pointing out the changes which were introduced and the peculiar nature of the final product, the libretto of La Traviata .

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Music, June 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The aim of this thesis is to compare the Requiems of Brahms and Verdi, two composers who are both amongst the greatest in our Western musical history, but completely different in significant aspects, the one being by nature introspective, serious, and even inclined towards melancholy in his creative work, whether done in a religious context or not; and the other being first and foremost a composer of operas, thus specializing in music for the stage or theatre, presupposing extroversion and even a degree of flamboyancy. Brahms never wrote any operas but his oeuvre is enhanced by symphonies, sonatas and concertos of serious intent, and especially by a body of wonderful chamber music (which is perhaps the most intimate genre in Western instrumental music). Verdi, on the other hand, is known almost exclusively for his operas, and wrote little else. Then Brahms was one of the great composers of the German Lieder, again a markedly intimate genre, which suggests that he paid constant attention to fine detail. In contrast, Verdi's mentality was that of the Italian opera composer who is more concerned with flowing melodic beauty, which is a "translation into music" of the meanings and tendencies of the text.

This thesis deals with nthe emergence of the summer festival Nabucco. The first part introduces the opera by Giuseppe Verdi and opera storyline and characters. The second important part is focused on the actual implementation of the project and interviews with key personalities involved in the performance itself. The aim is to outline the work processes that lie behind the final performances of Nabucco productions.

It is difficult to underestimate the importance of neutron cross section standards in the nuclear data field. Accurate and precise standards are prerequisites for measuring neutron cross sections. Two different projects are presented here with the aim of improving on neutron standards. A simulation study was performed for an experiment intended to measure the cross sections of H(n,n), 235U(n,f), and 238U(n,f) relative to each other. It gave the first estimates of the performance of the experimental setup. Its results have aided the development of the experimental setup by setting limits on the target and detector design. A second neutron-standard project resulted in three measurements of 6Li(n,α)t relative to 235U(n,f). Each subsequent measurement improved upon the previous one and changed the experimental setup accordingly. Although, preliminary cross sections were agreeing well with evaluated data files in some energy intervals, the main goal to measure the cross section up to 3 MeV was not reached. Mass yields and energy spectra are important outcomes of many fission experiments, but in low yield regions the uncertainties are still high even for recurrently studied nuclei. In order to understand the fission dynamics, one also needs correlated fission data. One particular important property is the distribution of excitation energy between the two nascent fission fragments. It is closely connected to the prompt emission of neutrons and γ’s and reveals information about how nucleons and energy are transferred within the fissioning nucleus. By measuring both the pre and post neutron-emission fragment masses, the cumbrance of detecting neutrons directly is overcome. This is done using the fission spectrometer VERDI and the 2E-2v method. In this work I describe how both the spectrometer, the analysis method, and the calibration procedures have been further developed. Preliminary experimental data show the great potential of VERDI, but also areas that call for more attention. A previously overlooked consequence of a central assumption was found and a correction method is proposed that can correct previously obtained data as well. The last part of this thesis concerns the efficiencies of the fission product extraction at the IGISOL facility. The methodology of the fission yield measurements at IGISOL are reliant on assumptions that have not been systematically investigated. The presented work is a first step of such an investigation that can also be used as a tool for optimising the setup for measurements of exotic nuclei. A simulation framework connecting three different simulation codes was developed to investigate the produced yield of fission products in a buffer gas. Several different variants of the setup were simulated and the findings were generally accordant with previous estimates. A reasonable agreement between experimental data and the simulation results is demonstrated.

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