Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValescaPS_DISSERT.pdf: 1396815 bytes, checksum: e458412242c7a5ae78698adb7192d37d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-26 / Intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents is a highly complex and serious issue in terms of the damage caused to this population. However, despite the relevance of this discussion, the matter only began to be addressed in the second half of the twentieth century, with its inclusion in academic research from the perspective of damage caused to the victims. Debate on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents has intensified in recent decades, particularly with the enactment of the Statute on Children and Adolescents (Federal Law 8069/90), which recognizes children and adolescents as rights holders. Open discussion on the issue meant several fields of knowledge began to study the topic. Particularly prominent among these areas is the field of Psychology, promoting theoretical discussions and practical interventions focusing on this type of violence. Given the theoretical and methodological diversity of psychological science and the many possibilities for the production of knowledge, this study aims to map and debate research conducted in the field that discusses intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents in Brazil. To that end, articles published in Psychology journals were analyzed. In order to achieve this objective, a search was conducted of Scielo Brasil using descriptors on the subject, chosen from a list reported by Faleiros (2000). The time frame studied was between 1990 and 2013, therefore included the date of the enactment of the Statute of Children and Adolescents. Qualitative analysis was selected as a data analysis technique around two main themes. The first involved analyzing the concept of intrafamily sexual violence based on its components. The second analytical theme addressed the theoretical and methodological strategies used by the authors. The aim was to identify and discuss the approaches chosen to achieve the proposed objectives as well as the justifications provided by the authors for their research. Analyses of these themes were based on theoretical discussions on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents. Difficulties were identified in conceptualizing intrafamily sexual violence so as to include all its elements and differentiate it from sexual exploitation. The studies assessed showed substantial diversity in both the theoretical and methodological approaches used, contributing to understanding the phenomenon. It is expected that this study will contribute to reflection on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents, promoting new studies and/or practical interventions / A viol?ncia sexual intrafamiliar contra crian?as e adolescentes constitui uma tem?tica extremamente complexa e grave do ponto de vista dos danos causados a esta popula??o. Contudo, apesar da relev?ncia da discuss?o, apenas na segunda metade do s?culo XX a quest?o passa a ser abordada com a inclus?o do tema, nas produ??es te?ricas, do tema na perspectiva dos danos causados ?s v?timas. Diante deste contexto de abertura de discuss?es sobre a viol?ncia sexual intrafamiliar contra crian?as e adolescentes que tem se intensificado nas ?ltimas d?cadas, sobretudo com a promulga??o do Estatuto da Crian?a e do Adolescente (Lei federal 8069/90), que passa a reconhecer crian?as e adolescentes como sujeitos de direitos, v?rios campos do saber dedicaram-se ao estudo desta tem?tica. Dentre estas ?reas destaca-se a Psicologia que tem subsidiado discuss?es te?ricas e pr?ticas interventivas, tendo como foco esta modalidade de viol?ncia. Diante das muitas possibilidades de produ??o do conhecimento no contexto da ci?ncia psicol?gica, em virtude da diversidade te?rico metodol?gica que a constitui, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo mapear e debater os trabalhos constru?dos no esteio da ci?ncia psicol?gica e que tiveram como proposta discutir a viol?ncia sexual intrafamiliar contra crian?as e adolescentes no Brasil. Para tanto, constituiu material desta pesquisa os artigos publicados em peri?dicos de Psicologia. Para ir ao encontro deste objetivo, foi realizada busca no Scielo Brasil, a partir de descritores sobre a tem?tica, escolhidos a partir de uma lista divulgada por Faleiros (2000). O recorte temporal da pesquisa foi entre 1990 a 2013; considerou, portanto, a data de promulga??o do Estatuto da Crian?a e do Adolescente. A An?lise de Conte?do Tem?tica foi o m?todo escolhido para a an?lise dos dados, que se deu atrav?s da constru??o de dois eixos tem?ticos. O primeiro eixo contemplou uma an?lise do conceito de viol?ncia sexual intrafamiliar a partir de seus elementos constitutivos. O segundo eixo de an?lise abordou as estrat?gias te?rico-metodol?gicas dos autores, buscando identificar e discutir as abordagens te?ricas ?s quais os autores se afiliam, as estrat?gias metodol?gicas escolhidas para o alcance dos objetivos propostos e as justificativas que os autores apresentam para suas pesquisas. As an?lises dos eixos tem?ticos apoiaram-se na discuss?o te?rica realizada sobre a viol?ncia sexual intrafamiliar contra crian?as e adolescentes. Por meio destas an?lises observou-se que ainda h? dificuldades na conceitua??o da viol?ncia sexual intrafamiliar de maneira ampla que contemple todos os seus elementos e que a diferencie da explora??o sexual. No concernente ?s estrat?gias te?rico-metodol?gicas as pesquisas mostraram grande diversidade tanto na abordagem te?rica quanto nas estrat?gias metodol?gicas, dado que contribui para a compreens?o do fen?meno. Espera-se, com este estudo, contribuir com a reflex?o sobre a viol?ncia sexual intrafamiliar contra crian?as e adolescentes, impulsionando novas pesquisas e/ou pr?ticas interventivas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:40:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DenisBC.pdf: 1847462 bytes, checksum: b9fd1b22e8134a8d3ae14f471d0f4751 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this thesis I discuss the role of the psychologist as a university professor and as intellectual from a specific context and also from a specific query. The context is the city of Teresina, capital city of Piau? state, which is peripheral in Brazil s northeast region. The defiance here is to build a critical psychological tradition that will deal with the challenges imposed by the reality of poverty and socio-economic backwardness of the region. The greatest difficulty is the lack of a public institution of learning that carries out instruction, research and extension with commitment to social transformation, and with the production of a psychological knowledge that is able to understand local reality. I take it that the undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piau?] is the only one in Teresina that can take over such mission. The query is confronting violence against children and adolescents that defies us to ethically and politically commit to solidarity toward fragile human beings in need of adult involvement in order to survive this daily inhumanity. The involvement of psychologists from Teresina in this must result from a social commitment and a technical competence to deal with prevention and therapeutic consideration toward the victims. This dissertation is divided into three parts: the first is a study on the curriculum and the performance of psychologists, which revises the academic output in Brazil and envisages new queries to the theme, such as the role of teaching inside the curriculum, and presents social security (including Medicare) as the privileged field in which Brazilian psychologists perform. The second part contains a study on the concepts of childhood, adolescence and violence, which presents a consideration on the strategies to confront violence against children and adolescents. In the last part I discuss the role of the psychologist as teacher and intellectual in the context undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piau?] from the commitment to the protection of children and adolescents / Nesta tese, discuto o papel do psic?logo como professor universit?rio e como intelectual a partir de um contexto espec?fico e de uma quest?o espec?fica. O contexto ? a cidade de Teresina, capital do Piau? Estado perif?rico da regi?o Nordeste brasileira. O desafio aqui ? construir uma tradi??o psicol?gica cr?tica que possa ser capaz de lidar com os desafios impostos pela realidade de pobreza e atraso s?cio-econ?mico da regi?o. A maior dificuldade ? a falta de uma institui??o de ensino que seja p?blica e que realize ensino, pesquisa e extens?o com o compromisso da transforma??o social e com a produ??o de um conhecimento psicol?gico capaz de entender a realidade local. Defendo que o curso de Psicologia da Universidade Estadual do Piau? ? o ?nico de Teresina que pode assumir tal miss?o. A quest?o ? o enfrentamento da viol?ncia contra crian?as e adolescentes, que nos desafia a um comprometimento ?tico-pol?tico de solidariedade com seres fr?geis que precisam do envolvimento de adultos para sobreviverem a essa barb?rie cotidiana. O envolvimento da Psicologia teresinense nesse enfrentamento deve resultar de um compromisso social e de uma compet?ncia t?cnica para lidar com a preven??o e o acolhimento terap?utico das v?timas. A tese est? dividida em tr?s partes: a primeira ? um estudo sobre a forma??o e a atua??o do psic?logo, que revisa a literatura produzida no Brasil e prop?e novas quest?es para o tema, como o papel do professor na forma??o e apresenta a Seguridade Social (Sa?de e Assist?ncia Social) como o campo privilegiado de atua??o para a Psicologia Brasileira. A segunda parte cont?m um estudo sobre os conceitos de inf?ncia, adolesc?ncia e viol?ncia, apresentando uma reflex?o sobre as estrat?gias de enfrentamento da viol?ncia contra crian?as e adolescentes. Na ?ltima parte, ? discutido o papel do psic?logo como professor e intelectual em Teresina no contexto do curso de Psicologia da UESPI a partir do compromisso com a prote??o da crian?a e do adolescente

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-04-08T12:04:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tamiris Da Silva Cantares.pdf: 2654876 bytes, checksum: 66115d0c723f6d93022331fc46716ff8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T12:04:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tamiris Da Silva Cantares.pdf: 2654876 bytes, checksum: 66115d0c723f6d93022331fc46716ff8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This research aimed to identify and discuss the policy guidelines that guide the professional practice of psychology, referring to violence against women. Is justified, in view of the breadth and historical perpetuation of the phenomenon of violence against women in Brazilian society and its manifestation in a particular social context marked by exploitation, social inequality and increasing violence. In this sense, the Brazilian feminist movement proved historically as an important reporting tool and resistance, in particular, by persuasion in the implementation of public policies by the State to combat and eradicate violence against women. The methodology, inspired by historical and dialectical materialist bias, has been configured for the production of quantitative and qualitative nature information through the content analysis technique. Research sources used were the eight deliberative documents, drawn up in Congressos Nacionais da Psicologia (CNPs), maximum deliberative entity of Psychology, the period from 1994 to 2013. From the analysis procedure layout, it was possible to identify the central categories in the debate about violence against women in the manifest content of the psychology of political guidelines, such as Public policy and Human rights. We therefore conclude that the prominent social phenomenon was addressed in Psychology policy guidelines through the perspective of human rights of women violations. Therefore, we consider the dialogue with the social and popular movements aligned with the political participation of psychology professionals in the social control agencies as a horizon toward building an aligned Psychology to emerging demands of Brazilian reality and coherent with the desire for social transformation. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e problematizar as diretrizes pol?ticas, que orientam o exerc?cio profissional da Psicologia, referentes ? viol?ncia contra as mulheres. Justifica-se, haja vista a amplitude e perpetua??o hist?rica do fen?meno da viol?ncia cometida contra as mulheres na sociedade brasileira e a sua manifesta??o em um contexto social espec?fico marcado pela explora??o, desigualdade social e crescente viol?ncia. Neste sentido, o movimento feminista brasileiro se mostrou, historicamente, como uma importante ferramenta de den?ncia e resist?ncia, em especial, pela persuas?o na implanta??o de pol?ticas p?blicas pelo Estado no combate e erradica??o da viol?ncia de contra as mulheres. A metodologia, inspirada pelo vi?s materialista hist?rico-dial?tico, se configurou pela produ??o de informa??es de car?ter quantitativo e qualitativo atrav?s da t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do. As fontes de pesquisa utilizadas foram os oito documentos deliberativos, elaborados nos Congressos Nacionais da Psicologia (CNPs), inst?ncia m?xima deliberativa da Psicologia, do per?odo de 1994 a 2013. A partir do procedimento de an?lise estabelecido, foi poss?vel identificar categorias centrais no debate sobre viol?ncia contra mulheres no conte?do manifesto das diretrizes pol?ticas da Psicologia, como Pol?ticas P?blicas e Direitos Humanos. Conclu?mos, portanto, que o fen?meno social destacado foi abordado nas diretrizes pol?ticas da Psicologia por meio da perspectiva da viola??o dos direitos humanos das mulheres. Portanto, consideramos o di?logo com os movimentos sociais e populares, alinhado com a participa??o pol?tica dos profissionais de psicologia nos ?rg?os de controle social, como um horizonte rumo ? constru??o de uma Psicologia atenta ?s demandas emergentes da realidade brasileira e coerente com o desejo de transforma??o social.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValeriaRCO_DISSERT.pdf: 1256287 bytes, checksum: 332c4191ad68117fd9f3926a5bec4137 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-29 / This work demonstrates the results obtained from research on violence against women: an analysis of the work from reference center of the Social Assistance-CREAS, held in the city of Parnamirim/RN from September 2008 extending through the february of 2009. Having as goal to investigate and examine in a longitudinal cut, which specifically covers the period from 2006 to 2007, find out extent the actions taken by the Reference Center Specialized Social Assistance- CREAS, contributed to the change of women who were there, by checking if there was any change in their positions ahead of the violence and if they began to realize how social subjects, able to control their living conditions and interfere in the orientation of social dynamics Have a particular emphasis on the presence of work and schooling or lack of them is also a factor to be allied to the barriers and rules imposed on women in contemporary society. In this study it was found through a qualitative research guided by dialectical and implemented through the use of documentary research, observation, semi-structured interview and an extensive theoretical background on the subject in question that the woman victim of violence is in a complex and contradictory context where there is both the construction and deconstruction of rights, a view that there are strong influences of patriarchal culture and the consequences of social issues that specifically searched for the public, focuses on social, economic , political, social and cultural. In this sense, the National Policy to Combat Violence against Women, operated by CREASE Parnamirim, is also reflected in its early stages in the life of these women are to nurture a real chance for these victims of violence, to perceive themselves as social subjects can control their lives and interfere in their own destinies. We want this study to add more knowledge to help and most appropriate intervention in this reality, but without the intention of reaching exhaustion, but to subsidize future studies on the topic of women victims of violence / O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos atrav?s da pesquisa: viol?ncia contra a mulher: uma an?lise do trabalho do centro de refer?ncia da assist?ncia social-CREAS, realizada no munic?pio de Parnamirim/RN no per?odo de setembro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009. Tendo como objetivo investigar e analisar, em um recorte longitudinal, que compreende especificamente o per?odo de 2006 a 2007, at? que ponto as a??es desenvolvidas pelo Centro de Refer?ncia Especializado de Assist?ncia Social-CREAS, contribuiram para a modifica??o das mulheres que foram atendidas, verificando se houve alguma mudan?a em suas posturas frente ? situa??o de viol?ncia e se estas passaram a se perceber enquanto sujeitos sociais, capazes de interferir em suas situa??es de vida e na orienta??o da din?mica social, objetivou tamb?m verificar se a presen?a do trabalho e da escolariza??o (ou a falta destes) ? tamb?m um elemento a ser aliado aos entraves impostas ?s mulheres na sociedade contempor?nea. No referido estudo constatou-se, atrav?s de uma pesquisa qualitativa norteada pela concep??o dial?tica e aplicada atrav?s do emprego de pesquisa documental, observa??o, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e fundamenta??o te?rica sobre a tem?tica em quest?o, que a mulher v?tima de viol?ncia encontra-se em um complexo e contradit?rio contexto, no qual existe ao mesmo tempo a constru??o e a desconstru??o de direitos, tendo em vista a exist?ncia de fortes influ?ncias da cultura patriarcal e de manifesta??es da quest?o social na vida do p?blico pesquisado, incidindo nos aspectos sociais, econ?micos, pol?ticos, sociais e culturais. Neste sentido, a Pol?tica Nacional de Enfrentamento ? Viol?ncia contra a Mulher, operacionalizada pelo CREAS-Parnamirim, se traduz ainda de forma incipiente na vida destas mulheres n?o oportunizando possibilidades reais para estas v?timas de viol?ncia, se perceberem enquanto sujeitos sociais capazes de controlar suas vidas e interferirem em seus pr?prios destinos

This thesis develops an analytical approach to the instrumental music of Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625) based on close readings of historical theory sources, primarily by Thomas Morley, John Coprario and Thomas Campion. Music of the early seventeenth century can be difficult to analyse, since it falls between the more extensively studied and theorised practices of classic vocal polyphony and common-practice tonality. Although English music theory of this period is recognised as strikingly modern in many respects, innovative aspects of English compositions from the same period receive little attention in standard accounts of the seventeenth century. I argue that concepts taken from this body of historical theory provide the basic terms of a technical vocabulary for analysis, which should be further refined through application to real compositions. Successive chapters deal with common counterpoint models or patterns, imitative invention and disposition, cadential progressions, and overall tonal structure. I argue that these analyses show Gibbons's music to be a contribution to new ways of conceiving of instrumental polyphony and tonal structure, which deserves re-evaluation in the context of broader seventeenth-century trends. In particular, Gibbons's use of extended cadential expectations as an expressive element, fascination with sequential progressions, and sectional structuring by harmonic area have clear parallels with later practices. At the same time, early seventeenth century style allows the composer considerably more freedom of harmonic procedures and implications than the musical styles which immediately followed it. Analysis grounded in historical theory provides the best approach to understanding and appreciating this unique musical language.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarmenOMM.pdf: 496226 bytes, checksum: ffe8d9f5c4aeefe21f32ca1fb1b212d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Institutional violence ranges from the most widespread lack of access to the poor quality of services provided. It includes abuses committed by virtue of the unequal power between patients and professionals within institutions. The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of women with regard to this type of violence, in the services offered at a reproductive health facility belonging to the National Health System (SUS) in Natal, Brazil. Interdisciplinary perspective is important, in that it provides interaction and complementarity between various disciplines, favoring, in an integrated way, a thematic approach in research activities, teaching and extension, involving professionals, students and researchers in medicine, social services, psychology, nursing, anthropology and physical therapy. A quantitative/qualitative approach was used, involving a sample of 401 women, as part of a transversal observational study. In the qualitative stage, which consisted of participatory observation and semi-structured interviews, we used an intentional sample of 10 individuals. The data were analyzed using logistic regression techniques, correspondence analysis and categorical thematic content analysis, showing that the 2 questions that investigated directly the perception of institutional violence obtained affirmative response frequencies of 28.2% and 31.8%, respectively. In regard to data collected in a field diary related to participatory observation, the main complaints referred to the health providerpatient relation, translated into dissatisfaction with the interpersonal relationship and with the resolution of the specific demand that required care. From content analysis, we classified 4 categories: Access; Information; Health professionalpatient relation; and Respect/dignity. We identified 6 subcategories: Impossibility of choice; Repressed demand; Communication difficulty; Asymmetric interpersonal relations; Privacy/confidentiality; Disrespect. We concluded, therefore, that the data presented show that in the reproductive health care programs, there are indicators of institutional violence. However, it is difficult to approach this phenomenon, mainly because of the power relations involved in the patient-health care provider interaction, resulting from unawareness that determinate situations violate sexual and reproductive rights. This can be explained by sociostructural questions that reveal marked inequalities, ratified by issues related to violation of the rights of National Health System (SUS) patients / A viol?ncia institucional pode incluir desde a dimens?o mais ampla da falta de acesso ? m? qualidade dos servi?os oferecidos. Abrange abusos cometidos em virtude das rela??es de poder desiguais entre usu?rios(as) e profissionais dentro das institui??es. Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a percep??o das mulheres em rela??o ? ocorr?ncia deste tipo de viol?ncia no cotidiano dos servi?os de refer?ncia em sa?de reprodutiva, no ?mbito do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS), na cidade de Natal/ RN. ? pertinente ? perspectiva interdisciplinar, na medida em que proporciona intera??o e complementaridade entre v?rias disciplinas, favorecendo, de forma integrada, a abordagem da tem?tica em atividades de pesquisa, ensino e extens?o. Foi realizado estudo transversal envolvendo amostra de 401 mulheres e abordagem qualitativa com amostra intencional de dez participantes, a qual constou de observa??o participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os dados foram analisados atrav?s das t?cnicas de regress?o log?stica, an?lise de correspond?ncia e an?lise de conte?do tem?tica categorial.As quest?es que investigaram diretamente a percep??o da viol?ncia institucional obtiveram freq??ncias de respostas afirmativas de 28,2% e 31,8%. Para o c?lculo da amostragem, foi utilizado poder de 80% e alfa de 5% A partir da observa??o participante, foi poss?vel vivenciar que as principais queixas referiram-se ? rela??o entre provedores de sa?de e usu?rias, traduzindo-se numa insatisfa??o quanto ? forma de relacionamento interpessoal e ? resolutividade em rela??o ? demanda espec?fica que motivou o atendimento. Quanto ? an?lise de conte?do, a partir do processo de categoriza??o, destacaram-se 4 categorias: acesso; informa??o; rela??o usu?rias/profissionais de sa?de; e respeito/ dignidade. Foram identificadas seis subcategorias: impossibilidade de escolha; demanda reprimida; dificuldade de comunica??o; rela??es interpessoais assim?tricas; privacidade/confidencialidade; Desrespeito. Pode-se concluir que os resultados apontam para exist?ncia de indicadores de viol?ncia institucional no cotidiano dos programas de aten??o ? sa?de reprodutiva; no entanto, revela-se a dificuldade de abordagem desse fen?meno, principalmente devido ?s rela??es de poder envolvidas na intera??o usu?rias/ provedores, decorrentes do n?o reconhecimento de determinadas situa??es como violadoras dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Esses aspectos remetem, portanto, a quest?es socioestruturais que traduzem marcantes desigualdades, ratificadas por quest?es pertinentes ? viola??o dos direitos das usu?rias no ?mbito do SUS

Cette thèse, développée dans une approche comparatiste et différentialiste de la maltraitance faite à l'enfant (0 à 18 ans), en France et en Syrie, concerne la médecine légale, inscrite dans un contexte d'éthique médicale. La problématique initiale évoque le signalement de la part du médecin, et ses freins, question qui débouche sur l'interrogation suivante : Comment la décision du médecin, toujours première, peut-elle intégrer la dimension psychologique et socioculturelle de la maltraitance, pour que les conséquences du signalement (ou du non signalement) soient au bénéfice de l'enfant et sa famille ? L'Histoire et l'évolution de la maltraitance à enfant sont exposées, pour les deux pays (peu d'informations pour la Syrie). L'enfant, sujet vulnérable, est considéré dans sa globalité psychologique et socioculturelle, face aux données afférant à sa protection. Ensuite, l'approche médicale (tableaux cliniques de maltraitance le plus couramment observés), suivie de la prise en charge globale de l'enfant, dans les sociétés française et syrienne, sont exposées. Enfin, les aspects juridiques de la protection de l'enfant, face au signalement et ses freins, sont présentés comme relevant d'une problématique éthique, située entre médecine et droit, dans des espaces socioculturels spécifiques. Ces données prennent concrètement corps dans des études de cas cliniques, en service de médecine légale : CHU de Dijon, en France, et Centre hospitalier de la région d'Alep, en Syrie (synthèse de Dao sur 249 cas, en 2002, compte tenu de la situation politique actuelle). Via le témoignage du Dr. Catherine Bonnet, cette étude s'ouvre sur un approfondissement des questions du viol et de l'inceste, et met en lumière certaines difficultés à déboucher sur des décisions judiciaires qui, bien que correctes du côté du droit, peuvent s'avérer délétères pour l'enfant et sa famille, sur les plans psychologique, affectif et social ; la situation des deux pays est différenciée, ici aussi. La conclusion, d'ordre moral et éthique, renvoie à la responsabilité de la famille (bientraitance et éducation de l'enfant) et au constat d'une articulation difficile entre le travail du médecin et les décisions judiciaires qui devraient permettre un vrai soin et une protection efficace de l'enfant maltraité, question qui suscite notre interrogation finale : À l'échelon mondial, faudrait-il élaborer une législation commune, spécifique pour l'enfant ? / This research is a comparative and differential approach of child abuse (0-18 years), in France and Syria. It concerns forensic medicine in the context of medical ethics. The initial issue evokes the reporting abuse and its obstacles, and leads to the following question: How the always main decision of the doctor can integrate the psychological and socio-cultural dimension of child abuse in order that the reporting (or the no reporting) benefits the child and family? The history and evolution of child abuse are exposed, for both countries (some information only for Syria). The child, subject vulnerable, is considered as a psychological and sociocultural entity, as to his/her protection. Then, the medical approach (clinical cases of abuse commonly observed), and the medical management of the child are exposed in the French and Syrian societies. Finally, the legal aspects of child protection are reported with its obstacles as part of an ethical issue, between medicine and law, in specific socio-cultural dimensions. These data are updated in the study of clinical cases, in forensic services: CHU of Dijon, in France, and one hospital, in the area of Aleppo, in Syria (Dao’s synthesis of 2002, on 249 cases, given the current political situation). Then, considering the testimony of the Dr Catherine Bonnet, this study opens the reflection on rape and incest, and highlights some difficulties due to certain judicial decisions which, although correct in view of the law, may be deleterious for the child and his family, if we consider a psychological, emotional and social point of view. Both countries situation is differentiated, again. The moral and ethical conclusion refers to the responsibility of the family (welfare and education of the child). It also refers to a difficult relationship between the doctor’s practice and the judicial decisions that should allow a true care and an effective protection of the abused child. This issue arouses our final questioning: at the world level, perhaps it may be necessary to develop a specific legislation for the child ?

Roman Polanski est un cinéaste franco-polonais considéré comme fugitif par Interpol depuis 1978. En 1977, lors d’un procès pour viol, le réalisateur de 44 ans plaide coupable pour relations sexuelles illégales avec une fille de 13 ans. À sa sortie de prison, par crainte que le juge ne revienne sur sa décision de remise en liberté, Roman Polanski fuit les États-Unis pour se réfugier en France. Le réalisateur poursuivra une carrière à succès dans l’univers du septième art. À ce jour, douze femmes l’accusent de violences à caractère sexuel. Ce mémoire de maîtrise est une analyse qualitative réalisée à partir de la méthode de cadrage sur le déploiement des discours de la controverse associée à Roman Polanski dans la presse française. Les cadres relevés sont les suivants : la culture du viol (1), l’artiste et son œuvre (2), la Justice (3) et la complaisance (4). Nous avons rassemblé un échantillon de 100 articles de presse publiés entre 2002 et 2020 dans trois quotidiens: Libération, Le Monde et Le Figaro. L’analyse est réalisée à partir d’un cadre théorique issu des études féministes, plus particulièrement selon les perspectives du féminisme radical et matérialiste. L’objectif de la recherche est d’illustrer et de comprendre comment s’articulent les discours associés à la controverse Roman Polanski dans la presse en France, et à plus grande échelle dans la société française. / Roman Polanski is a French-Polish filmmaker who has been considered a fugitive by Interpol since 1978. In 1977, during a trial for rape, the 44-year-old director plead guilty to illegal sexual relations with a 13-year-old girl. Upon his release from prison, fearing that the judge would reverse his decision to release him, Roman Polanski fled the United States to take refuge in France. The director would go on to pursue a successful career in the world of cinema. To date, twelve women have accused him of committing acts of sexual violence. This dissertation is a qualitative analysis carried out using the framing method on the deployment of the discourses of the controversy associated with Roman Polanski in the French press. The analytical frames identified are: rape culture (1), the artist and his work (2), Justice (3) and complacency (4). We collected a sample of 100 press articles published between 2002 and 2020 in three daily French newspapers: Libération, Le Monde and Le Figaro. The analysis is carried out from a theoretical framework derived from feminist studies, more specifically from the perspectives of radical and materialist feminism. The objective of this research is to illustrate and to understand how the rhetoric associated with the Roman Polanski controversy are articulated in the media in France, as well as on a larger scale in French society.

Cette thèse problématise la position paradoxale du catholicisme congolais face aux viols de guerre en contexte socio-culturel de la RD Congo déchirée par les conflits armés depuis plus de deux décennies. La RD Congo est le plus grand pays catholique du continent africain. L’Église catholique congolaise est l’une des plus peuplées de l’Afrique postcoloniale. Grâce à son pouvoir d’influence, son poids démographique, sa force économique et son organisation qui couvrent toute l’étendue du territoire national, le catholicisme congolais exerce un impact significatif sur le plan politique, social, moral et spirituel. Il peut jouer un rôle déterminant et une fonction cruciale face aux viols de guerre. Il le fait à des moments critiques et à des tournants politiques majeurs pour sortir le pays de la crise. Dans une perspective théologique et interdisciplinaire, la thèse analyse le paradoxe du catholicisme congolais et son impact face aux viols de guerre. Pour ce faire, 56 récits de survivantes, 20 messages officiels des évêques, 3 textes bibliques sont analysés à partir d’approches anthropophanique, libératrice et de Bosadi centrées sur les survivantes. Les images de la pyramide, du rhizome et de la toile d’araignée entrent en jeu dans les analyses du catholicisme ainsi que la notion d’Ubuntu. Les typologies esquissées de catégories de viols de guerre et de relations vitales en reprennent des éléments essentiels. Le tout débouche sur une perspective de théologie afroféministe des relations vitales. Sur le plan mondial, le plus grand nombre de victimes des viols de guerre se retrouvent en RD Congo. La question des viols de femmes comme arme de guerre constitue, en ce XXIe siècle, un enjeu mondial majeur qui préoccupe tous les mouvements de justice sociale. Elle devient une des préoccupations urgentes pour la planète et, spécialement pour la RD Congo, qualifiée de « capitale mondiale du viol », où quatre femmes sur cinq sont violées dans la partie Est par des hommes en uniforme. Les viols de guerre y persistent et deviennent de plus en plus omniprésents. Les statistiques font état de chiffres plus élevés que jamais et répertoriés nulle part ailleurs dans un contexte de conflits armés. Depuis 1996, début des guerres dites de libération, le nombre de femmes et de filles torturées avant d’être violées et, parfois tuées après viols, est estimé à un million en 2005 et à quelques deux millions en 2010 dans les deux provinces du Nord et du Sud Kivu. Ces chiffres avancés ne représenteraient que 25 % des cas de viols de guerre déclarés, car 75 % des viols demeurent sous silence. Les études font état actuellement de plus de 130 groupes armés actifs dans l’Est du pays, alors qu’en 2015 on en répertoriait 70. En 2017, 120 groupes armés s’affrontaient, tuaient, pillaient et violaient. Le Conseil de sécurité de Nations unies (2020, n° 27) signale qu’en 2019, le nombre des personnes violées a augmenté de 34 % par rapport à l’année 2018. Les viols de guerre en RD Congo représentent, au niveau des motivations, un panel complexe impliquant les viols à des fins d’occupation de terre, de domination, de contrôle territorial et des ressources naturelles, mais aussi sont liés à des questions de genre et d’idéologies politiques. Le contexte socioculturel de la RD Congo, pays sexuellement conservateur, ajoute des souffrances supplémentaires aux femmes violées. Dans certains cas, les activistes des droits humains, qui défendent la cause des femmes en dénonçant les viols et les violeurs, font l’objet de menaces. Mais, évidemment, cela comporte aussi un risque pour la vie des survivantes et aussi des autres personnes obligées de vivre dans un contexte d’insécurité permanente. Quelle stratégie mobiliser pour renverser cette tendance qui n’est pourtant pas une fatalité? Quelles stratégies préconise le catholicisme congolais dans la lutte contre les viols de guerre ? En quoi peut-il constituer un tremplin ou un frein? / This thesis problematizes the paradoxical position of Congolese Catholicism in the face of war rapes in the socio-cultural context of the DR Congo torn by armed conflicts for more than two decades. DR Congo is the largest Catholic country on the African continent. The Congolese Catholic Church is one of the most populous in postcolonial Africa. Thanks to its power and influence, its demographics, its economic strength, and its organization which covers the entire national territory, Congolese Catholicism has a significant impact on the political, social, moral, and spiritual fields of the country. It can play a determining role and a crucial function in the face of war rapes. It can do so at critical times and at major political turning points to get the country out of its current crisis. Using a theological and interdisciplinary perspective, the thesis analyzes the paradox of Congolese Catholicism and its impact on war rapes. In order to do this, 56 survivors accounts, 20 official messages from the bishops, 3 biblical texts are analyzed using anthropophanic, liberation, and Bosadi approaches centered on survivors. Images of the pyramid, rhizome and spider's web come into play in analyses of Catholicism, as well as the notion of Ubuntu. The typology of war rapes, as well as the concept of vital relationships are also part of these investigations. This leads to create an Afro-feminist theology of vital relationships. Globally, the largest number of victims of war rapes are in DR Congo. The issue of the rape of women as a weapon of war constitutes, in the 21st century, a major global issue which preoccupies all social justice movements. It is becoming one of the most urgent concerns for the planet and, especially for DR Congo, which has been described as "the world capital of rape" where four out of five women are raped in the eastern part of the country, by men in uniform. The rapes persist and become more and more omnipresent. Statistics show the highest numbers ever recorded anywhere else in the context of armed conflict. Since 1996, the start of the so-called wars of liberation, the number of women and girls tortured before being raped and sometimes killed after the rape, has been estimated at one million in 2005 and some two millions in 2010 in the north and South Kivu provinces. These figures represent only 25% of cases of rapes declared because 75% of rapes remain unreported. Studies count more than 130 armed groups active in the eastern part of the country, while in 2015 there were 70 of them. In 2017, 120 armed groups were identified as clashing, killing, looting and raping. The United Nations Security Council (2020, no 27) reports that in 2019, the number of people raped increased by 34% compared to 2018. The motivations for war rapes in DR Congo are complex and include rapes for the purposes of land occupation, domination, control over territories and natural resources. Rapes are also linked to gender issues and political ideologies. The socio-cultural context of the DR Congo, a sexually conservative country, causes additional suffering to rape survivors. In some cases, human rights activists who advocate for women by exposing rapes and rapists are threatened. This poses a risk to the lives of survivors, as well as to others, forced to live in a context of permanent insecurity. What strategy should be mobilized to reverse this trend, which should not be considered inevitable? What strategies does Congolese Catholicism advocate for in the fight against war rape? How does it constitute a springboard or a brake?

Peu de recherches se sont intéressées aux questions du dévoilement d'une agression sexuelle. Employant quelques concepts de la théorie de la sociologie pragmatique, cette thèse de maîtrise fait l'étude des expériences personnelles des étudiant(e)s à l'égard du dévoilement d'une agression sexuelle. Il s'agit d'une recherche qualitative reposant sur les témoignages de onze étudiant(e)s de l'Université d'Ottawa qui ont vécu une agression sexuelle durant leurs études postsecondaires, et qui ont été amené(e)s à dévoiler leur expérience à une personne ou à un service d'aide. En analysant les résultats de recherche, il en ressort que les participant(e)s ont progressé dans leur appréhension de l'agression, tout comme dans leurs logiques de dévoilement, ainsi que dans les types de dévoilement (spontané, justifié par des motifs personnels, et justifié par des motifs altruistes) - trois notions qui sont introduites. Les résultats mettent également en lumière un aspect peu connu : les réactions qui peuvent ou non faciliter un dévoilement. Cette recherche permet d'apporter un nouveau savoir sur la dynamique des décisions qui mènent un/une étudiant(e) à dévoiler sa situation d'agression sexuelle, tout en ouvrant un large espace de nouveaux questionnements. (Abstract) There is little research focused on the disclosure of a sexual assault. Employing some concepts from the pragmatic sociology theory, this master's thesis examines the personal experiences of students with respect to the disclosure of a sexual assault. This qualitative research is based on the testimonies of eleven students from the University of Ottawa who have experienced a sexual assault during their post-secondary education, and who have been led to disclose their situation to a person or a help service. In analyzing the results of this study, it emerges that the participants have progressed in their apprehension of the assault, as well as in their logics and types of disclosure (spontaneous, justified by personal motives, and justified by altruistic motives) - three notions that are introduced. The findings also shed light on a little-known aspect: the reactions that may or may not facilitate a disclosure. This research provides new knowledge on the dynamics of the decisions that leads a student to reveal his or her situation of sexual assault, while opening up a vast space for further questions.