Dissertation "Structure and application of guerilla marketing in practise" is concerned with detailed analysis of different types of guerilla marketing. It finds recommendation for an application of each type in dependence on the type of company. It uses a lot of real examples for this purpose. This dissertation also offers modern rules for creating efficient and succesfull guerilla campain. It is also concerned with the guerilla marketing legislation.

The aim with this study was to answer the question “What components in Nike’s viral ads on Youtube trigger emotions?”. The data was collected through a qualitative and descriptive research approach and the method was a combination of a poetic film analysis and Ducoffe’s Model of Advertising Value. The model includes three components that were to be analyzed: informativeness, entertainment and irritation. The video ads were analyzed together with the comments posted. The comments were seen as electronic word of mouth and they were analyzed in order to understand if the viewer felt positive or negative emotions towards the ads. The findings showed that Ducoffe’s Model of Advertising Value was applicable on social media networks such as Youtube. Informativeness and entertainment were the most important components triggering emotions. Since marketing events nowadays are digitalized, it is important to adapt previous models and research to new platforms.

The purpose of this paper is to focus on viral advertising and study the conditions under which ads become viral, how they are intentionally transmitted by consumers to their social network and their relationship with classical advertising variables, such as attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand and purchase intention of the consumer. We first analyze studies focusing on different aspects of the viral communication, "electronic word-of-mouth", "word-of-mouse", "viral marketing" and "buzz" in order to clarify the concept of viral advertising. After clarifying the viral advertising concept, the project analyzes the viral process and its main antecedents and influencers, by taking into consideration emotional and ad appeals theories. The results show that ad appeals influence attitude toward the ad and viral intentions, with humor being the most significant appeal in the context of viral advertising. The study also focuses on the social aspects of advertising and consumption , including influential differences related to the source of the message, social influencers analyzed in the socialization literature, such as family and peers, the tie strength element from the social network theory and consumer market maven traits. The findings show the significance of family communication and market maven characteristics in relation to consumers' viral intentions. We then integrate our key variable, viral intentions, in a classical advertising framework based on attitudes theory and their influence on behavioral intentions. The results confirm previously studied relationships between attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand and purchase intentions. / The findings bring into attention two key new relationships: the significant effect of attitude toward the brand on viral intentions, and the positive relationship between viral intentions and purchase intentions, a very important relationship for marketing research the viral advertising concept, analyzes its key antecedents, and studies the relationship between attitudes and behavioral intentions in a viral advertising context. The paper also establishes a key positive relationship between viral intentions and purchase intentions regarding the advertised product. / by Maria Petrescu. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2012. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Title: Is sharing caring? A quantitative study about the intention behind sharing viral videos. Level: Student thesis, final assignment for bachelor’s degree in business administration. Author: Amanda Happ and Erik Wilhelmsson Supervisor: Jonas Kågström Date: 2019 – January Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyze factors behind the intention to share a viral video on the internet based on the concepts of video quality, empathy, control, altruism and inclusion. This paper aims to contribute knowledge of the intention behind sharing viral videos to marketers within the subject. Method: A quantitative method has been performed where data has been collected through a web-based survey of 480 female respondents from 16 years and older. Data has been processed in the analysis- and statistical program SPSS by using descriptive-, factor-, cluster- and correlation analysis. Result & Conclusions: The result shows that inclusion, altruism and, to some extent, control are the main factors for creating an intention to share viral videos on the internet. Furthermore, the result shows that people who choose to share viral videos with their friends often want to strengthen ties to other group members and reinforce their role in the social group. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to increased knowledge of the behavioral factors behind the decision to share a viral video. Knowledge can help professionals when a marketing campaign is being created with the aim of becoming viral on the internet. Suggestions for future research: Continued research should target other groups, preferably men. It is also relevant to conduct a larger survey where the intention of both creator and receiver of viral content are analyzed to identify any similarities and differences between them. Key words: Viral videos, forwarding intention, eWOM, FIRO, Moment-to-Moment Likeability / Titel: Is sharing caring? En kvantitativ studie om intentionen att dela virala videor Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Amanda Happ och Erik Wilhelmsson Handledare: Jonas Kågström Datum: 2019 – Januari Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera faktorerna bakom intentionen att dela en viral video på internet utifrån begreppen videokvalitet, empati, kontroll, altruism och inkludering. Studien genomförs således för att bidra med kunskap om intentionen bakom virala videodelningar till marknadsförare inom ämnet. Metod: En kvantitativ metod har använts där data har samlats in genom en webbaserad enkätundersökning med 480 kvinnliga respondenter från 16 år och uppåt. Data har bearbetats i analys- och statistikprogrammet SPSS genom deskriptiv-, faktor-, kluster- och korrelationsanalys. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet visar att inkludering, altruism och i viss mån kontroll är de främsta faktorerna för att skapa en intention att dela virala videor på internet. Vidare visar resultatet att personer som väljer att dela virala videor med sina vänner ofta vill uppnå förstärkta band till gruppens medlemmar och bekräftelse av sin egen roll i den sociala gruppen. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till ökad kunskap om vilka beteendefaktorer som ligger bakom beslutet att dela en viral video på internet. Denna kunskap kan hjälpa yrkesutövare skapa en marknadsföringskampanj som har till syfte att bli viral på internet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Fortsatt forskning bör rikta sig till andra målgrupper, förslagsvis män. Det är även relevant att utföra en större undersökning där intentionen hos både sändare och mottagare (som i sin tur delar videon vidare) analyseras för att kunna påträffa eventuella likheter och skillnader hos dessa olika grupper. Nyckelord: Virala videor, delning, eWOM, FIRO, Moment-to-Moment Likeability

The purpose of my thesis is to analyse viral marketing in the context of commercial communications. The first part describes the changing environment of commercial communications and focuses on new trends such as guerrilla marketing, event marketing, product placement and use of high-tech. Also, the social media emerged, such as social networks, blogs, multimedia sharing platforms etc. The second chapter deals with the viral marketing theory, its inception and main advantages and disadvantages. At the same time the paper offers the strategy for viral campaign creation, it focuses on viral principles on Facebook, Twitter, and video sharing. The third chapter examines 3 Czech viral campaigns from Aquila, T-Mobile and Fernet Stock. The work is concluded by the two-part research: quantitative (made via questionnaires) and qualitative (focus group). The research gathered useful data on the internet usage in the Czech Republic and on perception of viral marketing in the population.

The past decades have seen a fast-growing and dynamic trend of network science and its applications. From the Internet to Facebook, from telecommunications to power grids, from protein interactions to paper citations, networks are everywhere and the network paradigm is pervasive. Network analysis and mining has become an important tool for scientific research and industrial applications to diverse domains. For example, finding communities within social networks enables us to identify groups of densely connected customers who may share similar interests and behaviors and thus generate more effective recommender systems; investigating the supply-network topological structure and growth model improves the resilience of supply networks against disruptions; and modeling influence diffusion in social networks provides insights into viral marketing strategies. However, none of these tasks is trivial. In fact, community detection, resilience analysis, and influence-diffusion modeling are all important challenges in complex networks. My PhD research contributes to these endeavors by exploring the implicit knowledge of connectivity and proximity encoded in the network graph topology. Our research originated from an attempt to find communities in networks. After carefully examining real-life communities and the features and limitations of a set of widely-used centrality measures, we develop a simple but powerful reachability-based influence-diffusion model. Based upon this model, we propose a new influence centrality and a novel shared-influence-neighbor (SIN) similarity. The former differentiates the comprehensive influence significance more precisely, and the latter gives rise to a refined vertex-pair closeness metric. Then we develop an influence-guided spherical K-means (IGSK) algorithm for community detection. Further, we propose two novel influence-guided label propagation (IGLP) algorithms for finding hierarchical communities in complex networks. Experiments on both real-life networks and synthetic benchmarks demonstrate superior performance of our algorithms in both undirected/directed and unweighted/weighted networks. Another research topic we investigated is resilience analysis of supply networks. Supply networks play an important role in product distribution, and survivability is a critical concern in supply-network design and analysis. We exploit the resilience embedded in supply-network topology by exploring the multiple-path reachability of each demand node to other nodes, and propose a novel resilience metric. We also develop new supply-network growth mechanisms that reflect the heterogeneous roles of different types of units in supply networks. We incorporate them into two fundamental network topologies (random-graph topology and scale-free topology), and evaluate the resilience under random disruptions and targeted attacks using the new resilience metric. The experimental results verify the validity of our resilience metric and the effectiveness of our growth model. This research provides a generic framework and important insights into the construction of robust supply networks. Finally, we investigate activation-based influence-diffusion modeling for viral marketing. One of the fundamental problems in viral marketing is to find a small set of initial adopters who can trigger the largest further adoptions through word-of-mouth-based influence propagation in the network. We propose a novel multiple-path asynchronous threshold (MAT) model, in which we quantitatively measure influence and keep track of its diffusion and aggregation during the diffusion process. Our MAT model captures both direct and indirect influence, influence attenuation along diffusion paths, temporal influence decay, and individual diffusion dynamics. Our work is an important step toward a more realistic diffusion model. Further, we develop two effective and efficient heuristics (IV-Greedy and IV-Community) to tackle the influence-maximization problem. Our experiments on four real-life networks demonstrate their excellent performance in terms of both influence spread and efficiency. Our work provides preliminary but significant insights and implications for diffusion research and marketing practice.

<p>Abstract Titel: Sociala medier - En länk mellan producent och konsument </p><p>Författare: Tero Marjamäki, Henrik Svensson Handledare: Lars Palm </p><p>Examinator: Lennart Andreasson </p><p>Utbildningssäte: Högskolan i Halmstad Sektion: Hälsa och Samhälle </p><p>Kurs: Medie och kommunikationsvetenskap,61-90p </p><p>Delkurs: C-uppsats, 15p </p><p>År: 2007 </p><p>Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka, utforska och analysera sociala medier, dess innebörd och innehåll Metod: Som kunskapsteoretisk utgångspunkt används ett explorativt förhållningssätt, med abduktion som slutledningsprocess. Kvalitativ metod har tillämpats i studien i form av mailintervjuer </p><p>Slutsatser: Tidigt i arbetet kunde vi uppdaga att det rådde meningsskiljaktigheter vad gällde definitionen och synen på sociala medier. Vissa forskare samt några utav våra respondenter ansåg att sociala medier var någonting fult, nästan förkastligt som inte hör hemma i marknadsföringsvärlden. Medan andra forskare samt ett antal utav våra respondenter ansåg att sociala medier var en länk mellan producent och konsument,2</p><p>sociala medier var arenor för samtal. Några ansåg även att sociala medier var en helt naturlig uppkomst då vanlig reklam inte längre påverkar människor i samma utsträckning som tidigare. Traditionell marknadsföring tenderar att bli omodern. Dock menade nästintill samtliga utav våra respondenter samt ett flertal forskare att sociala medier inte kommer att eliminera traditionell marknadsföring såsom vi ser den idag utan snarare kommer de båda att leva i symbios med varandra. Emellertid måste det traditionella bli underordnat och en del av det sociala (och inte tvärtom), och tillsammans kan helheten bli större än de ingående delarna. Vad gäller frågan om dold/öppen kommunikation och marknadsföring inom sociala medier var nästintill alla av den meningen att man bör eftersträva som producent att vara så öppen som möjligt. Endast någon eller några utav våra respondenter menade att det var beviljat att vara dold som producent inom sociala medier. Det centrala som vi uppdagade i denna uppsats var att det finns två olika sätt att se på sociala medier: del kan man se sociala medier som arenor för samtal, och dels kan man se sociala medier som marknadsföringskanaler. </p><p>Nyckelord: Sociala medier, Word of mouth, Word of mouth marketing, Stealth marketing, Buzz marketing, Viral marketing</p>

<p>Nowadays the internet has become more and more important in today’s technology addicted society. Consumers of today use the internet as a tool to communicate, do shopping and search for information. Hence, the internet has become a convenient way for organizations to reach out to consumers in an easy and cheap way, specially through the tool viral marketing. In this paper we research the phenomenon brand awareness and brand association affected by viral marketing. This is done through two research questions: <em>How does a commercial affect consumers to create a network Viral marketing campaign?</em> And <em>Why do consumers purchase a brand when they are reacting negatively on a commercial?. </em></p><p> </p><p>To answer the research questions we chose a well discussed Swedish commercial from Apoliva as an example, especially since the commercial has received many negative reactions. Based on the commercial, we made a survey on the internet community site Facebook to measure how and why users reacted to the commercial and spread the reactions further; if and how their opinions changed toward the commercial and if and why consumers buy from the brand.</p><p> </p><p>The conclusions we draw from the research questions are that consumers tend to buy a brand although they do not like the commercial related to the brand, since the commercial itself is not of importance and in most cases the consumers do not relate the commercial with the brand. Furthermore, consumers tend to discuss a commercial if it is not a mainstream commercial. Although consumers discuss with their network on the internet, most of the discussion tend to be mouth-to-mouth and the spreading of opinion on the internet is mostly to vent their feelings.</p>

The aim of this study is to explore the implementation of viral marketing in Politics. We led a case study in order to discover how viral techniques were used to promote candidates running for the 2007 French election. The review of previous research provided learning about the use of new communication methods in electoral campaigns.Nevertheless, they are not specifically devoted to the viral marketing method. At present, theoretical models about this new phenomenon exist only for business sectors. Viral marketing is becoming of greater importance in the promotion of a candidate's brand image. It was interesting to discover how marketing techniques are transferred into the field of politics. Through our theoretical framework we analysed results from our interview with a webmaster who works for the Nicolas Sarkozy's political party. We explained the role of viral marketing in the communication strategy of politicians. Thanks to the focus group, we assessed the impact of viral marketing among French voters. The results show that it generates a word-of-mouth campaign about the candidate's personality which results in a political "Buzz". This high media coverage heavily influences the voters who are highly sensitive to image branding. However, the counterpart of using viral marketing is the lack of control that candidates maintain over their image. For example, the spreading of undesirable videos could harm their credibility. Finally, our study shows that modern politics is appealing for viral marketing in order to shape the political leader's image, which constitutes a determinant factor to influence voters.

Abstract Titel: Sociala medier - En länk mellan producent och konsument Författare: Tero Marjamäki, Henrik Svensson Handledare: Lars Palm Examinator: Lennart Andreasson Utbildningssäte: Högskolan i Halmstad Sektion: Hälsa och Samhälle Kurs: Medie och kommunikationsvetenskap,61-90p Delkurs: C-uppsats, 15p År: 2007 Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka, utforska och analysera sociala medier, dess innebörd och innehåll Metod: Som kunskapsteoretisk utgångspunkt används ett explorativt förhållningssätt, med abduktion som slutledningsprocess. Kvalitativ metod har tillämpats i studien i form av mailintervjuer Slutsatser: Tidigt i arbetet kunde vi uppdaga att det rådde meningsskiljaktigheter vad gällde definitionen och synen på sociala medier. Vissa forskare samt några utav våra respondenter ansåg att sociala medier var någonting fult, nästan förkastligt som inte hör hemma i marknadsföringsvärlden. Medan andra forskare samt ett antal utav våra respondenter ansåg att sociala medier var en länk mellan producent och konsument,2 sociala medier var arenor för samtal. Några ansåg även att sociala medier var en helt naturlig uppkomst då vanlig reklam inte längre påverkar människor i samma utsträckning som tidigare. Traditionell marknadsföring tenderar att bli omodern. Dock menade nästintill samtliga utav våra respondenter samt ett flertal forskare att sociala medier inte kommer att eliminera traditionell marknadsföring såsom vi ser den idag utan snarare kommer de båda att leva i symbios med varandra. Emellertid måste det traditionella bli underordnat och en del av det sociala (och inte tvärtom), och tillsammans kan helheten bli större än de ingående delarna. Vad gäller frågan om dold/öppen kommunikation och marknadsföring inom sociala medier var nästintill alla av den meningen att man bör eftersträva som producent att vara så öppen som möjligt. Endast någon eller några utav våra respondenter menade att det var beviljat att vara dold som producent inom sociala medier. Det centrala som vi uppdagade i denna uppsats var att det finns två olika sätt att se på sociala medier: del kan man se sociala medier som arenor för samtal, och dels kan man se sociala medier som marknadsföringskanaler. Nyckelord: Sociala medier, Word of mouth, Word of mouth marketing, Stealth marketing, Buzz marketing, Viral marketing