Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-03-21T15:00:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5385104 bytes, checksum: 7478e30f306c97b371a5c28d9be101d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-21T15:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5385104 bytes, checksum: 7478e30f306c97b371a5c28d9be101d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / The hypothesis that oral supplementation with virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) and exercise training would improve impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and reduce oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was tested. Furthermore, the effects caused by lauric acid (LA) on oxidative stress and cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated. In the first stage of the study, SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used and divided in five groups: WKY + saline (n = 8); SHR + saline (n = 8); SHR + coconut oil (2 mL·day -1, n = 8); SHR + training (n = 8); and SHR + training + coconut oil (n = 8). The swimming protocol under 4% body weight workload lasted 60 minutes. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded and BRS was tested using phenylephrine (8 μg.kg-1, iv) and sodium nitroprusside (25 μg·kg-1, iv). Oxidative stress was measured using dihydroethidium by microscopy fluorescence in tissue sections from heart and aorta samples. SHR + coconut oil, SHR + training and SHR + training + coconut oil groups presented lower MAP compared to SHR + saline (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05). Coconut oil combined with exercise training improved BRS in SHR compared with SHR + saline group (-2.47 ± 0.3 vs. -1.39 ± 0.09 ± bpm-1·min-1·mmHg, p <0.05). SHR + saline group showed higher superoxide levels when compared with WKY + saline (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 arbitrary units (AU), respectively; p <0.05). SHR + training + coconut oil group presented a reduction in oxidative stress compared with SHR + saline in heart (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 AU, p <0.05). Moreover, coconut oil reduced oxidative stress in SHR compared with SHR + saline in aorta (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 AU, p <0.05). In the second stage of thestudy, LA reduced blood pressure at 3, 4, 8 and 10 mg/kg doses compared with vehicle (-41±9.4;-41±6;-51.7±8.1;-61±11 vs. -1,3±0.4 mmHg, n = 6). LA (10-8 to 3x10-3M) induced vasorelaxation in isolated cranial mesenteric artery rings in the presence or absence of functional endothelium (Emax=104,1 ± 2,8% e pD2= 4,1 ± 1,4; n=7 vs. Emax= 103,5 3,7 pD2 = 3,3 ± 0,5; n=8, respectively). LA (10-3 M) reduced superoxide levels similar to Tempol, a superoxide anion scavenger, compared to tissue containing only NADPH oxidase in the heart (18.1 ± 0.7; 9.5 ± 0.3 vs. 25.3 ± 0.4 UML / min / ug protein, respectively) and kidney (81.9 ± 2.8, 79 ± 1.3, 99 ± 4.3 vs. UML / min / ug protein, respectively). In conclusion, coconut oil combined with exercise training reduced oxidative stress and improved BRS in SHR. Those effects seem to be, at least in part, to its major component (Lauric acid). / Testamos a hipótese de que a suplementação com óleo de coco virgem (OCV) associada ao treinamento físico é capaz de melhorar a sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR) e de reduzir o estresse oxidativo (EO). Além disso, os efeitos promovidos pelo ácido láurico (AL), um dos constituintes majoritários do OCV, nos parâmetros cardiovasculares e EO em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) também foram testados. Na primeira etapa do estudo utilizamos animais SHR e Wistar Kyoto (WKY) adultos, divididos em cinco grupos: WKY + salina (n = 8); SHR + salina (n = 8); SHR + óleo de coco (2 mL·dia-1, n = 8); SHR + treinamento (n = 8); e SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco (n = 8). O protocolo de natação teve duração de 60 minutos e sobrecarga de 4% da massa corporal dos animais. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi registrada e a SBR foi testada usando fenilefrina (8 μg.kg-1, i.v) e nitroprussiato de sódio (25 μg·kg-1, i.v). O EO foi quantificado utilizando dihidroetídio por microscopia de fluorescência no coração e aorta. Os grupos SHR + Óleo de coco, SHR+ treinamento e SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco apresentaram menores níveis de PAM, comparado ao grupo SHR + salina (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mmHg; p <0,05). O OCV associado ao treinamento físico melhorou a SBR em SHR em comparação com o grupo SHR + salina (-2,47 ± 0,3 vs. -1,39 ± 0,09 bpm·min-1·mmHg-1; p<0,05). O grupo SHR + salina apresentou níveis elevados de superóxido, quando comparados com WKY + salina (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 unidades arbitrárias (u.a), respectivamente; p <0,05). O grupo SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco apresentou redução do EO em comparação com SHR + salina no coração (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 u.a, p <0,05). Em tecidos de aorta, o óleo de coco reduziu o EO em SHR em comparação com SHR + salina (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 u.a, p <0,05). Na segunda etapa do trabalho, observamos que o AL promoveu hipotensão a partir das doses de 3, 4, 8 e 10 mg/kg, quando comparado com o veículo (-41 ± 9,4; -41±6; -51,7 ± 8,1; -61 ± 11 vs. -1,3 ± 0,4 mmHg; n=6, respectivamente). O AL (10-8 a 3x10-3 M) induziu vasorrelaxamento em anéis de artéria mesentérica cranial isolada de SHR, na presença ou na ausência do endotélio funcional (Emax = 104,1 ± 2,8% e pD2= 4,1 ± 1,4; n=7 vs. Emax =103,5 3,7 pD2=3,3 ± 0,5; n=8, respectivamente). O AL (10-3 M) reduziu a produção de ânion superóxido no tecido cardíaco e renal respectivamente, quando comparados com tecidos apenas na presença de NADPH oxidase, (18,1 ± 0,7; 9,5 ± 0,3 vs. 25,3 ± 0,4 UML/min/μg proteína, respectivamente) e (81,9 ± 2,8; 79 ± 1,3; vs. 99 ± 4,3 UML/min/μg proteína, respectivamente). Concluímos que a suplementação com OCV associada ao treinamento físico reduziu o EO e melhorou a SBR que estava reduzida durante a hipertensão arterial. Além disso, os efeitos benéficos do OCV alcançados parecem ser oriundos do AL presente no óleo vegetal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_da_me_jabo.pdf: 239398 bytes, checksum: 7b97bf14760346eb8b0439297c7d4f3a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do tratamento alcalino da canade- açúcar in natura, variedade IAC 862480, submetida ou não a hidrólise com 0,5% de cal virgem (CaO) ou cal hidratada (Ca(OH)2) durante 12, 36 e 60 horas de armazenamento, sobre a composição bromatológica, pH, temperaturas externa e interna, e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), fibra em detergente neutro (DIVFDN) e da fibra em detergente ácido (DIVFDA). Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x3, cujos tratamentos foram três tipos de cana = Cana in natura; Cana hidrolisada com 0,5% de cal virgem e Cana hidrolisada com 0,5% de cal hidratada x 3 tempos de armazenamento (12, 36 e 60 horas). Notouse efeito significativo (P<0,01) tanto para os tipos de cana como para os tempos de armazenamento sobre a temperatura externa dos amontoados. Para pH e temperatura interna observou-se interação significativa entre os tipos de cana e tempos de armazenamento (P<0,01). Houve influência dos tipos de cana sobre os teores de matéria orgânica, matéria mineral, carboidratos totais e hemicelulose (P<0,01) e fibra em detergente neutro e nutrientes digestíveis totais (P<0,05). Os tempos de armazenamento influenciaram os teores de proteína bruta (P<0,01) e matéria orgânica carboidratos totais e hemicelulose (P<0,05). Para o teor de carboidratos não fibrosos, observou-se interação significativa entre os tipos de cana e tempos de armazenamento (P<0,05)... / The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the alkaline treatment of a “in natura” sugarcane variety, IAC 86-2480, submitted or not to hydrolysis with 0,5 % virgin lime (CaO) or hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) during 12, 36 and 60 hours of storage, on the bromatologic composition, pH, external and internal temperatures, and in vitro dry matter ruminal digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD) and acid detergent fiber (IVADFD). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 3x3 factorial scheme, with the treatments being composted by the combination of three types of sugarcane (in natura sugarcane; hydrolyzed sugarcane with 0,5 % virgin lime; and hydrolyzed sugarcane with 0,5 % hydrated lime) and three storage timings (12, 36 and 60 hours). A significant (P <0.01) effect of the external temperature was noticed, not only for the types of sugarcane but also for the storage timing. For pH and internal temperature there was a significant interaction between the types of sugarcane and the storage timings (P<0.01). It was noticed an influence of the sugarcane types on the content of organic and mineral matter, total carbohydrates and hemicellulose (P<0.01) and neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients (P<0.05)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Habitat use of mesophotic coral reefs by sharks is largely unknown. However, it is well established that mesophotic reefs are the site of spawning aggregations for many species of teleost fish. These aggregations represent seasonal concentrations of potential prey biomass that may influence the habitat use of predatory species such as large sharks. I employed acoustic monitoring to examine the movements of three shark species [lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris), tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), and Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi)] to determine 1) the comparative spatiotemporal patterns of mesophotic reef habitat use by the three shark species and 2) the spatiotemporal relationship between these sharks and grouper spawning aggregations at a fish spawning aggregation (FSA) site (Hind Bank and Grammanik Bank) along the southern reef shelf edge off St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands (USVI). Tiger and lemon sharks were detected across nearly the entire acoustic array, which spanned ~ 1060 km2. When present, Caribbean reef sharks used a much smaller activity space, composed exclusively of mesophotic reef habitat located within FSA sites. Individuals from all three species were typically detected for stretches of several consecutive days, while periods without detections usually lasted less than one week. Lemon sharks were present at the FSA site more often during the grouper spawning season (Dec-May) than the non-spawning season (Jun-Nov), but showed no preference toward specific areas within the FSA site, which varied by location and grouper species composition. In contrast, there was no relationship between the presence of tiger and Caribbean reef sharks at the FSA site and the grouper spawning season. My results suggest that despite different habitat use 5 patterns and varying degrees of fidelity, this mesophotic reef serves as an important habitat to all three shark species.

Dernièrement, les études sur le patrimoine artistique en Argentine ont fait des progrès importants. Notamment, la recherche des collections d’art publiques et privés a bien avancé. Cependant, l’étude des œuvres médiévales a été presque toujours négligée. L’art médiéval en Argentine est rare, si on le compare avec des styles plus modernes. Mais, il s’y trouve de pièces de haute qualité qui sont très peu connues. Puisque l’étude de ces œuvres est nécessaire pour une meilleure appréciation de notre patrimoine artistique, de sa valorisation et préservation, le principal objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la connaissance de ce patrimoine. La grande diversité d’œuvres nous demande de définir un corpus qui deviendra notre sujet d’étude. L’iconographie de la Vierge à l’Enfant est plus représentée que d’autres thématiques, c’est pourquoi nous l’avons privilégié. Etant donné que la quantité de sculptures est supérieure à la quantité de peintures, on a opté pour cette seule technique. Finalement, dans un souci de clarté et d’homogénéité on a délimité notre champ d’étude á la sculpture en bois. La grande diversité d’œuvres nous demande de définir un corpus qui deviendra notre sujet d’étude. L’iconographie de la Vierge à l’Enfant a été le premier critère qu’on a suivi pour faire cette sélection d’œuvres. Etant donné que la quantité de sculptures est supérieure à la quantité de peintures, on a opté pour cette seule technique. Finalement, dans un souci de clarté et d’homogénéité on a délimité notre champ d’étude à la sculpture en bois. / During the last years, the building process and history of art collections became a prolific field of study in Argentina. However, research on medieval art in private and public collections in our country received little or no attention. But even if medieval art is considerably less represented than modern styles, there is an interesting amount of high quality medieval pieces exhibited at several museums in Argentina. The main purpose of this thesis is therefore to expand our knowledge of the medieval works of art in public Argentine collections, as related to their origin, dating, interpretation, technique and provenance. These pieces show great diversity of styles, provenance and technique. Such heterogeneity demanded a selection, in order to define a homogeneous corpus of study. Among the many works of medieval art in Argentine museums, the Virgin and Child iconography is the most represented subject - accordingly, that subject has been our first focus of attention. Finally, owing to the abundance of sculpture, we have decided to limit our study to this technique; and in order to give further thematic consistency to our research; we decided to circumscribe our research to woodwork sculpture.

This interdisciplinary study examines a collection of chants intrinsically connected to the larger body of Western Chant: the psallendae. These chants of the Ambrosian rite, the form of Christian worship proper to the archdiocese of Milan, were sung during religious processions. With over 700 psallendae assigned to the Church calendar, this study examines only those assigned to feast days of the Virgin Mary, and in doing so, reveals a rich history of devotion to her. The primary sources examined are thirteenth-century manuscripts and medieval liturgical manuals. The processional chants are subjected to a thorough literary and musical analysis. Rooted in François-Auguste Gevaert's thematic theory, and using tools of reticular and stemmatic analysis, the psallendae are grouped according to melodic profile. Each group is then reduced to a core melodic theme, which, when juxtaposed with the ancient practice of religious processions, makes a compelling argument for the psallendae as among the oldest Christian chants.

St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, is similar to other tourism dependent Caribbean nations where the tourism industry is dependent upon the `4 S's'- sun, sand, sea, and sex. This researcher posited that the phenomenon of sex tourism exists in St. Thomas as it does in other tourist destinations in the Caribbean like Jamaica, Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Barbados (Bailey and Ricketts, 2003; de Albuquerque, 1998; Munshi, 2006; Ryan and Kinder, 1996). The lacuna of any U.S. Virgin Islands sex tourism literature prompted this researcher to conduct an exploratory case study in St. Thomas to learn whether or not sex tourism exists in the U.S. territory. Using a qualitative approach, this study finds that sex tourism does exist in St. Thomas. This information is pertinent to Conflict Analysis and Resolution because of sex tourism's strong involvement with the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, human rights violations, gender based violence, human trafficking, and other social challenges. Examining sex tourism from three different sources, this researcher uses Human Needs theory and feminism to frame the research. The findings of this study are of interest to academia, government agencies, non-profit organizations, and tourism industries.

This paper analyses the characters Mina and Lucy in Bram Stoker’s Dracula, showing how they are juxtaposed in terms of femininity. By using feminist criticism and the concepts of the angel in the house, monstrous femininity, and the virgin/whore dichotomy, this paper explores how Mina represents the self-sacrificing, supportive, and wifely angel in the house, while Lucy represents the sexual, disobedient, and powerful monstrous female. This is analyzed through Mina’s interactions with the men, as well as through her view on femininity, and through Lucy’s interactions with the men and with Mina. This paper then explores how these differing gender roles lead to different outcomes for the two women. Mina is excluded but is able to be purified from vampirism while still alive. In contrast, Lucy, being a threat to British Victorian femininity, has to be killed and mutilated before her memory can be purified. How well the women fit into the male community’s view of the Victorian female ideal, with Mina fitting it the best, is found to be the reason for why Lucy suffers a worse fate than Mina.

The cult of the Virgin Mary reached its climactic point in Europe during the Middle Ages, and was particularly strong in Spain. Literature became a concrete expression of Marianism because it reflected the beliefs of the populace. Gonzalo de Berceo, a Castilian monk, greatly influenced by the ever-growing Marian piety, wrote a collection of poems in which the activity of the Blessed Mother in everyday human life is documented. I propose to do a detailed miracle-by-miracle analysis of Mary's interactions with others by focusing on Berceo's characterization of her in her principal role as a mother. In addition, I will analyze the characters to whom Mary renders assistance since they are representative of Berceo's audience and are people to whom the common people were able to relate. Finally, I will consider the visions of Mary that occur during the miracles, particularly whether or not she appears, to whom she appears, and why. Through this study of the Milagros, it will become apparent that while Berceo incorporates elements of the predominating theology into his miracles, the stories are primarily a reflection of the popular belief. Berceo demonstrates the influence of theology by depicting in his miracles all of the maternal qualities Mary embodied that appealed to people looking for a motherly figure to turn to in time of need. In addition, the role of Mary as an all-powerful intercessor who decides on her own who receives miracles, and who does not, reflects the common faith of the people living in the Middle Ages.

No description available.

This thesis describes magnesium alloys, their properties and methods of their production. However, experimental part is focused on AZ91 magnesium alloy. Conversion coatings were prepared on the AZ91 surface – chromate coating, phosphate permanganate coating and fluoride coating. Corrosion resistance of the prepared coatings were compared by immersion tests and by potentiodynamic methods. Evaluation of corrosion resistance by immersion tests was successful only for phosphate permanganate coating. Only this coating was removed during cleaning of the samples. For comparison of corrosion resistance was important to find the correct procedures and optimize the measurements methods. For these purposes have been chosen galvanic zinc coating on steel sheets. Thickness of the zinc coating were 8 and 30 microns. This coatings provide uniform zinc surface without heterogenities which was important for the potentiodynamic measurements. After optimization methods for potentiodynamic measurements by galvanic zinc coatings have been measured magnesium alloy AZ91 uncoated and coated by conversion coatings. For uncoated AZ91 magnesium alloy was determined suitable method so called virgin cathodic curve. On the other hand, for the coated AZ91 magnesium alloys was determined suitable method so called combined curve, within which we measured cyclic voltammetry curve (± 5 mV) and then virgin anodic curve.