This study investigates teachers and students challenges in online classes during Covid-19.  Also, the effectiveness of using technology devices in online English classrooms. There are frequent opportunities for students to be actively engaged in the classroom whereas in the online classroom these differences respond a little diversely. In addition, challenges for teachers arose since students should be motivated and involved in the lessons. However, online education has revolutionized the education industry. Learning a foreign language through a computer has been an important issue only for people that have had an interest in this field, but nowadays digital tools are very important and much related to teaching and learning in the global educational process. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, all schools and other educational institutions realized that technology is the tool that they should use since everything was different than it used to be. Previous experimental researches in this field have been positively impacted by the use of technology. In this paper, I present the analysis of different research studies which are focused on switching to distance learning during the initial stage of Covid-19. This study investigates the challenges that teachers encounter in their teaching during the initial stages of Covid-19. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of the studies which include the possible challenges that teachers and students encounter during online classes. Therefore, I also investigate the most effective digital tools in 2L learning and the participants’ attitudes towards learning.

El presente proyecto se elaboró con la finalidad de indagar en la nueva era tecnológica enfocándonos específicamente en el campo educativo, puesto a que se avecinan nuevos escenarios, es indispensable que la industria de la educación se adapte a estos nuevos cambios. Para ello, se ideó un aplicativo que ayude a las personas a poder mejorar su rendimiento académico de la manera más flexible, personalizada y sencilla posible. Nuestro negocio, consiste en brindar un servicio que ayude a los usuarios a encontrar asesores de acuerdo con las materias que estos deseen aprender o necesiten reforzar. Dicho servicio, se ofrecerá mediante un aplicativo diseñado por la misma empresa donde se tiene como pilares principales, la calidad, personalización y accesibilidad para la elaboración de esta. Esto se ideó después de evaluar en grupo como es que las circunstancias en la sociedad cambiarán, después de la presente pandemia. Pues ahora se identifica un perfil de cliente que pone primero su salud e integridad, evitando riesgos y aglomeraciones. Debido a ello, se ofrecen clases tanto virtuales, como presenciales que ayuden a mitigar dicha inseguridad en el cliente. La fuente de ingreso se basa en cierto porcentaje cobrado por sesión con el cliente, lo demás se depositará a cada asesor correspondiente. Existe dos tipos de servicio, presencial y virtual, donde cada uno será preprogramada y coordinada entre estudiante y asesor. / The present project was elaborated with the aim of inquire into the new technological era, focusing specifically on the educational field, since new scenarios are coming, it is essential that the education industry adapts to these new changes. For this, an application was devised that helps people to improve their academic performance in the most flexible, personalized and simple way possible. Our business is to provide a service that helps users find advisers according to the subjects they want to learn or need to reinforce. This service will be offered through an application designed by our company where its main pillars are quality, personalization and accessibility for its elaboration. This was devised after evaluating as a group how circumstances in society will change after the present pandemic. Since now, a new customer profile is identified that puts their health and integrity first, avoiding risks and crowds. Because of this, both virtual and face-to-face classes are offered to help mitigate such insecurity in the client. The source of income is based on a certain percentage charged per session with the client, the rest will be deposited to each corresponding adviser. There are two types of service, face-to-face and virtual, where each will be pre-programmed and coordinated between student and advisor. / Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:42:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2112359 bytes, checksum: 760e8546c9df7d76ee0de1133711105d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation investigates the mean constitution virtual classes. Assuming that the mean is formed by multiple semiosis: linguistic and paralinguistic, in certain contexts locally, the flow of social interaction. By sociocognitive perspective of the meaning, we use the language of participants in the virtual classroom for higher education institutions and medium to investigate the construction of meaning. By qualitative methodology of exploratory face, whereby we can identify general social processes from a specific context, such as virtual classes, developed, in begun, a selective analysis of the collected material, indirectly, and then undertook analysis of the categories previously established. In compliance with our principal objective interpret the mental spaces, enabled by linguistic semiosis, extending our analysis to paralinguistics and contextual factors underlying the construction of meaning. The test results gave account of our questions and our assumptions, therefore, point to the fact that mental spaces, enabled by linguistic semiosis, are mental structures consisting of frames, idealized cognitive models (ICM), and projections metaphorical metonymy, result of our way to categorize and conceptualize our experiences. We had as a result of analysis that both the users of virtual environments of high school and higher education showed characteristics of a digital language for example: shortening, lengthening of consonants and vowels, no punctuation and others. We also noticed that users from multiple semiosis: linguistic and paralinguistic, negotiated meanings in the flow of interaction and participation in the virtual classes require the ability for users to understand communicative intents, became the meaning goes beyond the decoding of the message, and in order that the elements and linguistic and paralinguistics are activators of the sense. / Esta dissertação investiga a construção do sentido em aulas virtuais. Partimos do pressuposto de que o sentido é constituído por múltiplas semioses: linguística e paralinguística, em contextos localmente determinados, no fluxo da interação social. Guiados pela perspectiva sociocognitiva da significação, tomamos a língua em uso de participantes de aulas virtuais de instituições de ensino superior e médio para investigar a construção do sentido. Baseados numa metodologia qualitativa de caráter exploratório, segundo a qual, podemos identificar processos sociais gerais, a partir de um contexto particular, como no caso de aulas virtuais, desenvolvemos, inicialmente, uma análise seletiva do material coletado, indiretamente, e, em seguida, procedemos a análise das categorias previamente estabelecidas. Em cumprimento de nosso objetivo principal interpretamos os espaços mentais, ativados pela semiose linguística, estendendo nossas analises aos elementos paralinguísticos e contextuais subjacentes à construção do sentido. Os resultados das análises deram conta de nossos questionamentos e de nossas hipóteses, pois, apontam para o fato de que os espaços mentais, ativados pela semiose linguística, são estruturas mentais constituídas por frames, Modelos cognitivos idealizados (MCI), projeções metafóricas e metonímicas, resultantes de nossa maneira de categorizar e conceptualizar nossas experiências. Tivemos como resultado de análise que tanto os usuários de ambientes virtuais do ensino médio, como do ensino superior apresentaram características peculiares da linguagem digital a exemplo de: abreviação, alongamento de consoantes e vogais, ausência de pontuação entre outras. Verificamos também que os usuários, a partir de múltiplas semioses: linguística e paralinguística, negociaram sentidos no fluxo da interação e que a participação em aulas virtuais requer dos usuários a competência para compreender intenções comunicativas, pois o sentido vai além da decodificação da mensagem, tendo em vista que os elementos linguísticos e paralinguísticos são ativadores do sentido.

El presenta trabajo de investigación tiene el objetivo de poder implementar una aplicación que conecte asesores académicos con estudiantes universitarios para brindar clases en línea. De esta forma, los asesores académicos podrán encontrar en la aplicación una fuente de ingresos confiable y segura, que les brinde la oportunidad de conseguir un mayor alcance en Lima metropolitana y de esta manera captar un mayor número de alumnos. Por otra parte, para lograr sustentar el presente proyecto, se realizó el análisis de los segmentos a los cuales nos encontramos enfocados, con el objetivo de realizar una validación del problema, solución y modelo de negocio. Por lo tanto, luego de haber estudiado detalladamente, lograremos delimitar si la idea de negocio propuesta será o no viable. Asimismo, con relación a lo ya mencionado anteriormente, el presente proyecto de investigación estará disponible para todos los investigadores y lectores que quieran emplear como guía y ejemplo. De esta forma, podrá ser utilizada para la formulación de futuras ideas de negocios. / The present research work has the objective of being able to implement an application that connects academic advisors with university students to provide online classes. In this way, academic advisers will be able to find in the application a reliable and secure source of income, which gives them the opportunity to achieve a greater reach in metropolitan Lima and thus attract a greater number of students. On the other hand, in order to sustain this project, an analysis of the segments to which we are focused was carried out, in order to carry out a validation of the problem, solution and business model. Therefore, after having studied in detail, we will be able to define whether or not the proposed business idea will be viable or not. Likewise, in relation to the aforementioned, this research project will be available to all researchers and readers who want to use it as a guide and example. In this way, it can be used to formulate future business ideas. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en el desarrollo de un plan de negocios de plataforma educativa dedicada a emprendedores con la propuesta de valor de contar con profesores que con su experiencia y dominio del curso que dictan (ejemplo: Finanzas para emprendedores, Marketing en redes sociales, Negociando con proveedores), logran que los emprendedores que recién están comenzando o quienes están idealizando el inicio de un emprendimiento puedan estar lo suficientemente motivados para no darse por vencidos y seguir mejorando día a día en su emprendimiento. Esta idea de solución nace al encontrarse en la incertidumbre de la pandemia del COVID-19, dado que muchas clases presenciales fueron canceladas y se debían innovar nuevas vías de poder brindar clases de manera online. Asimismo, es una gran oportunidad para los emprendedores quienes al no contar con mucho tiempo para realizar estas clases de manera presencial puedan lograr obtener los secretos de grandes profesionales en su propia disponibilidad de tiempo. Además de contar con clases grabadas también contará con un horario en donde se podrán comunicar con un asesor especializado en el curso que se encuentre inscrito para que se pueda orientar y sacar las dudas correspondientes. Este proyecto peruano desea dar la mejor enseñanza de educación virtual. En primera instancia, para comenzar con la investigación del proyecto se indentificó una segmentación, como la que ya se mencionó de emprendedores y futuros emprendedores, el cual nos ayudó a encontrar lo que nuestro publico objetivo deseaba. Luego, gracias a cada experimento que se realizó se pudo conocer más a fondo lo que los consumidores en sí deseaban en una plataforma de este tipo; así como el precio que podrían pagar mediante Conciergne. Por otro lado, para lograr ofrecer el servicio de enseñanza a los emprendedores se optó por elaborar la plataforma virtual con un propio dominio web y hosting, el cual brinda la información de lo que ofrece la empresa como cursos y precios y a su vez te permite registrarte con un usuario y contraseña para recibir las clases. A su vez, a través de este medio también es posible realizar el pago del servicio ya que al acecptar llevar el curso recibirás un código para realizar el pago mediante Pay U o poder realizar el pago mediante transferencia. Asimismo, la plataforma cuenta con enlaces directos a nuestras redes sociales de Instagram y Facebook. / This research work consists of the development of a business plan for an educational platform dedicated to entrepreneurs with the value proposition of having teachers with their experience and mastery of the course they teach (example: Finances for entrepreneurs, Marketing in social networks , Negotiating with suppliers), they achieve that entrepreneurs who are just starting or those who are idealizing the start of a venture can be motivated enough not to give up and continue to improve day by day in their venture. This idea of ​​a solution was born when being in the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, since many face-to-face classes were canceled and new ways of being able to offer classes online had to be innovated. Likewise, it is a great opportunity for entrepreneurs who, since they do not have much time to do these classes in person, can obtain the secrets of great professionals in their own time availability. In addition to having recorded classes, they will also have a schedule where they can communicate with a specialized advisor in the course that is registered so that they can be guided and answer the corresponding doubts. This Peruvian project wants to give the best virtual education teaching. In the first instance, to begin with the investigation of the project, a segmentation was identified, such as the one already mentioned of entrepreneurs and future entrepreneurs, which helped us find what our target audience wanted. Then, thanks to each experiment that was carried out, it was possible to learn more about what the consumers themselves wanted in a platform of this type; as well as the price they could pay through the Conciergne. On the other hand, in order to offer the teaching service to entrepreneurs, it was decided to develop the virtual platform with its own web domain and hosting, which provides information on what the company offers such as courses and prices and in turn allows you to register. with a username and password to receive the classes. At the same time, through this means it is also possible to make the payment of the service since when you agree to take the course you will receive a code to make the payment through Pay U or to make the payment by transfer. Likewise, the platform has direct links to our social networks Instagram and Facebook. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en Aproba2, un aplicativo móvil que brinda un servicio de asistencia académica virtual con materiales dinámicos e interactivos, útiles herramientas digitales, con disponibilidad 24/7 y a precios competitivos; todo ello, a fin de brindar la mejor experiencia que el usuario pueda tener, marcando la diferencia con lo que ofrece la competencia. El servicio está dirigido a estudiantes universitarios del territorio nacional del NSE A, B, C y D en un rango de edad de 16 a 24 años y que estén interesados en mejorar su rendimiento académico. Los experimentos realizados a lo largo del presente trabajo de investigación nos permitieron validar el problema que se espera resolver, la solución que estamos proponiendo para resolver ese problema y nuestro modelo de negocio para tangibilizar nuestra solución. Asimismo, el Plan de Ejecución del Concierge nos permitió validar el interés de compra del posible usuario y comprobar que nuestra idea de negocio tiene una buena aceptación por parte de nuestros clientes y seguidores de Aproba2. Por otra parte, el Plan financiero nos ha permitido validar financieramente la viabilidad del proyecto. Por último, el Financiamiento nos ha permitido encontrar las alternativas tradicionales y no tradicionales que mejor se ajustan a nuestro modelo de negocio. / This research work focuses on Aproba2, a mobile application that provides a virtual academic assistance service with dynamic and interactive materials, useful digital tools, with 24/7 availability and at competitive prices; all this, in order to provide the best experience that the user can have, making a difference with what the competition offers. The service is aimed at university students from the national territory of the NSE A, B, C and D in an age range of 16 to 24 years and who are interested in improving their academic performance. The experiments carried out throughout this research work allowed us to validate the problem that is expected to be solved, the solution that we are proposing to solve that problem and our business model to make our solution tangible. Likewise, the Concierge Execution Plan allowed us to validate the purchase interest of the possible user and verify that our business idea is well accepted by our clients and followers of Aproba2. On the other hand, the Financial Plan has allowed us to financially validate the viability of the project. Finally, Financing has allowed us to find the traditional and non-traditional alternatives that best fit our business model. / Trabajo de investigación

[pt] A presente tese investiga a multimodalidade em interações sinalizadas, em aulas via Google Meet. Os objetivos principais são descrever e analisar os aspectos verbais e não verbais da Libras. Este estudo está alinhado com as bases teóricas da Análise da Conversa (AC), da Sociolinguística Interacional (SI) e da Linguística Aplicada (LA). Esta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e utiliza a Análise da Conversa Multimodal como teoria e método. Utiliza a sequencialidade como teoria e, também, como categoria analítica. Os princípios da sequencialidade auxiliaram na compreensão das ações conjuntas construídas pelos surdos, em aulas virtuais. Os dados apresentados foram gerados de setembro a dezembro de 2020, nos encontros virtuais entre professor surdo e estudantes surdos que participam de um projeto de extensão situado na Zona da Mata Mineira. Para fins de transcrição e de análise de dados, adotaram-se critérios capazes de abarcar a interação multimodal em línguas sinalizadas. Então, utilizaram-se princípios da Tradução Audiovisual para se poder descrever as ações em Libras, aliando-se aos critérios de transcrição multimodal. Através da análise sequencial de turnos de fala, compreendem-se os diferentes enquadres presentes nas aulas virtuais sinalizadas. Nota-se que os aspectos multimodais presentes na interação dão a clave da interação, mostrando contextualmente qual ação os participantes estão performando momento a momento. Assim, as diferentes ações performadas em sala de aula, como a brincadeira, a narração, a explicação, mostram os papéis institucionais presentes nas aulas. Em alguns momentos, as relações tornam-se mais assimétricas, em outros, mais simétricas, dependendo das ações que os participantes estão performando. A compreensão desses significados interacionais só é possível quando conseguimos analisar a situação social como um todo, considerando os aspectos linguísticos, gramaticais, prosódicos, materiais e gestuais presentes nos turnos de fala, ou turnos sinalizados. Ao se olhar para os gestos presentes na Libras, é possível contribuiem mais r uma maneira de m se compreender o para o campo da Linguística Aplicada, pensando b aplicação no campo educacional, pensando abarque a experiência linguística que o surdo possu escolar institucional. / [en] This thesis investigates multimodality in signaled interactions, in classes given through Google Meet. The main objectives are to describe and analyze verbal and non-verbal aspects of Libras. This study is aligned with theoretical bases of Conversation Analysis (CA), Interactional Sociolinguistics (IS) and Applied Linguistics (AL). This research is qualitative in nature and uses Multimodal Conversation Analysis as theory and method. Uses sequentiality as a theory and also as an analytical category. The principles of sequentiality helped to understand the joint actions built by the deaf, in virtual classes. The data presented was generated from September to December 2020, in virtual meetings between deaf professor and deaf students who participate in an extension project located in Zona da Mata Mineira. For transcription and data analysis, criteria capable of encompassing multimodal interaction in signed languages were adopted. Then, principles of Audiovisual Translation were used to be able to describe the actions in Libras, allied to the criteria of multimodal transcription. Through sequential analysis of speech turns, different framings present in the signed virtual classes are understood. It is noted that the multimodal aspects present in the interaction give the key to the interaction, contextually showing which action the participants are performing moment by moment. Thus, different actions performed in the classroom, such as game, narration, explanation, show the institutional roles present in classes. In some moments, relationships become more asymmetrical, in others, more symmetrical, depending on the actions that participants are performing. Understanding these interactional meanings is only possible when we are able to analyze the social situation as a whole, considering linguistic, grammatical, prosodic, material and gestural aspects present in speech turns, or signed turns. When looking at the gestures present in Libras, it is possible to contribute to the field of Applied Linguistics, thinking of another way of understanding deaf bilingualism. There are also possibilities of application in educational field, thinking about educational policies that cover linguistic experience that the deaf has before going to the institutional school space.