Le criblage virtuel est largement employé pour la recherche de nouveaux médicaments.La sélection de structures pour les méthodes de criblage virtuel basées sur la structure reste problématique. Nous avons montré que les propriétés physico-chimiques du site de liaison, critères simples et peu coûteux en temps de calcul, pouvaient être utilisées pour guider celle-ci.L’évaluation des méthodes de criblage virtuel, critique pour vérifier leur fiabilité, repose sur la qualité de banques d’évaluation. Nous avons construit la NRLiSt BDB, n’incluant que des données vérifiées manuellement et prenant en compte le profil pharmacologique des ligands. Une étude à l’aide du logiciel Surflex-Dock montre qu’elle devrait devenir la base de données de référence, pour l’évaluation des méthodes de criblage virtuel et pour rechercher de nouveaux ligands des récepteurs nucléaires. L’application d’un protocole hiérarchique de criblage in silico/in vitro, a permis d’identifier de nouveaux composés inhibiteurs de l’IL-6, potentiellement utilisables dans le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde. Les résultats in vitro devront être confirmés par des tests in vivo. / Virtual screening is widely used in drug discovery processes.Structure selection in structure-based virtual screening methods is still problematic. We showed that simple and “low cost” binding site physico-chemical properties could be used to guide structure selection.The evaluation of virtual screening methods, necessary to ensure their reliability, relies on benchmarking databases quality. We created the NRLiSt BDB, gathering only manually curated data and taking into account ligands pharmacological profiles. A study using Surflex-Dock showed that the NRLiSt BDB should become the reference, both for the evaluation of virtual screening methods and for the identification of new ligands of the nuclear receptors.The use of a in silico/invitro hierarchical approach screening allowed to identify new IL-6 inhibitors, that could be used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In vitro results should be confirmed in vivo.

Comprendre les interactions réalisées entre un candidat médicament et sa protéine cible est un enjeu crucial pour orienter la recherche de nouvelles molécules. En effet, ce processus implique de nombreux paramètres qu’il est nécessaire d’analyser séparément pour mieux comprendre leurs effets.Nous proposons ici deux nouvelles approches observant les relations protéine/ligand. La première se concentre sur la comparaison de cavités formées par les sites de liaison pouvant accueillir une molécule. Cette méthode permet d’inférer la fonction d’une protéine mais surtout de prédire « l’accessibilité » d’un site de liaison pour un médicament. La seconde tactique se focalise sur la comparaison des interactions non-covalentes réalisées entre la protéine et le ligand afin d’améliorer la sélection de molécules potentiellement actives lors de criblages virtuels, et de rechercher de nouveaux fragments moléculaires, structuralement différents mais partageant le même mode d’interaction. / Understanding the interactions between a drug and its target protein is crucial in order to guide drug discovery. Indeed, this process involves many parameters that need to be analyzed separately to better understand their effects.We propose two new approaches to observe protein/ligand relationships. The first focuses on the comparison of cavities formed by binding sites that can accommodate a small molecule. This method allows to infer the function of a protein but also to predict the accessibility of a binding site for a drug. The second method focuses on the comparison of non-covalent interactions made between the protein and the ligand to improve the selection of potentially active molecules in virtual screening, and to find new molecular fragments, structurally different but sharing the same mode of interaction.

Les méthodes de criblage virtuel sont largement utilisées dans le processus de conception de médicaments afin de réduire le nombre de composés à tester expérimentalement. Cependant, les résultats obtenus par criblage virtuel ne sont que des prédictions et leur fiabilité n'est pas garantie. L'évaluation de ces méthodes est donc essentielle pour guider le bioinformaticien dans le choix de l'outil et du protocol adaptés dans les conditions de son expérience. Dans une première étude, nous avons développé une nouvelle métrique pour l'analyse des résultats de criblage : la Courbe de Prédictivité. Cette métrique permet une analyse fine de la pertinence des scores d'affinité pour la détection de composés actifs et complète les métriques existantes, permettant une meilleure compréhension des résultats de criblage. Lors de notre projet suivant, nous avons souhaité faciliter ce processus d'analyse en intégrant l'ensemble des métriques de criblage virtuel dans un outil web interactif : Screening Explorer. Une seconde partie de ma thèse a consisté en la recherche de nouveaux inhibiteurs du VIH (Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine). L'équipe génomique de notre laboratoire a identifié plusieurs gènes dont l'expression influence le développement du SIDA, révèlant ainsi de potentielles cibles thérapeutiques. Une étude bibliographique a permis d'identifier plusieurs composés inhibiteurs de ces cibles. La société Peptinov, associée à notre laboratoire, va prochainement estimer le potentiel thérapeutique de ces composés dans des essais in vitro (i) d'infection par le VIH, (ii) de prolifération virale et (iii) de réactivation virale. / Virtual screening methods are widely used in drug discovery processes in order to reduce the number of compounds to test experimentally. However, virtual screening results are only predictions and their reliability is not guaranteed. Evaluating these methods is crucial to guide the bioinformatician in the choice of the right tool and protocol according to the conditions of his experiment. In a first study, we developed a new metric to analyze the results of virtual screening: the Predictiveness Curve. This metric allows to finely analyze the relevance of binding scores for the detection of active compounds and complete existing metrics, allowing a better comprehension of screening results. In a following project, we facilitated the analysis process by integrating all of the virtuel screening metrics in an interactive tool: Screening Explorer. The second part of my thesis consisted in the research of novel HIV inhibitors. The genomic team of our laboratory identified several genes whose expression influence the development of AIDS, therefore revealing potential therapeutic targets. A bibliographic study allowed to identify compounds that can inhibit those targets. The company Peptinov, associated to our laboratory, is currently estimating the therapeutic potential of the compounds in vitro in assays of (i) HIV infection, (ii) viral proliferation and (iii) viral reactivation.

L’ADN, support de l’information génétique, est constamment altéré par des agents physiques ou chimiques d’origines endogènes (métabolisme) et exogènes (UV, radiations ionisantes, produits chimiques) dont les effets sont génotoxiques. Ces modifications structurales délétères de l’ADN sont éliminées par de nombreux mécanismes de réparation. Parmi eux, le système de réparation par excision de bases (BER) est initié par les ADN glycosylases qui reconnaissent et éliminent les bases endommagées. Dans certaines stratégies anti-cancéreuses, l’utilisation de la chimiothérapie et la radiothérapie ont pour but la destruction des cellules cancéreuses en altérant leur ADN. Dans ce contexte, les ADN glycosylases réparent l’ADN des cellules traitées et induisent une résistance non désirée au traitement, faisant de ces enzymes des cibles thérapeutiques intéressantes. Le but de ces travaux est d’approfondir la compréhension des mécanismes de réparation des ADN glycosylases de la superfamille structurale Fpg/Nei grâce à la modélisation moléculaire et de pouvoir identifier et concevoir des inhibiteurs de ces enzymes. Les simulations de dynamique moléculaire (DM) nous ont permis d’étudier la « Lesion Capping Loop » (LCL) et de l’associer à la stabilisation de la base endommagée positionnée dans le site actif. Nous avons également étudié les chemins de sortie possibles de la base après coupure par l’enzyme et l’implication de la boucle LCL dans ce phénomène grâce à des simulations de DM ciblée (TMD-1). De plus, les simulations de DM couplées à un protocole d’amarrage moléculaire « aveugle » nous ont permis d’identifier 2 sites de fixations possibles majoritaires pour des petites molécules potentiellement inhibitrices. Un de ces sites correspondant au site actif de hNEIL1 a fait l’objet d’un criblage virtuel d’une partie de la base de molécules Ambinter. Ceci nous a permis d’identifier des molécules potentiellement inhibitrices dont les effets seront prochainement testés in vitro dans l’équipe sur la protéine humaine hNeil1. / The DNA, genetic information support, is frequently damaged by physical or chemical agents from endogenous (cell metabolism) and exogenous (UV, ionizing radiations, chemicals) factors whose effects are genotoxic. These deleterious DNA structural alterations are removed by many DNA repair mechanisms. Among them, the base excision repair (BER) is initiated by DNA glycosylases which recognize and remove damaged bases. In some anti-cancer strategies, the use of chemo- and radiotherapy is aimed to cancerous cells destruction by altering their DNA. In that specific context, DNA glycosylases repair the DNA of treated cells and induce unwanted resistance to treatments, making these enzymes interesting therapeutic targets. The purpose of this work is to deepen the repair mechanism knowledge of Fpg/Nei structural superfamily of DNA glycosylases using molecular modeling and designing inhibitors of these enzymes. Molecular dynamic simulations allowed us to study the « Lesion Capping Loop » (LCL) and to associate its role to substrate stabilization in the enzyme active site. We also studied some possible excision’s product release pathways and LCL implication in this phenomena by targeted molecular dynamic simulations (TMD-1). Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations coupled to a blind molecular docking protocol allowed us to identify 2 possible main binding sites of potential inhibitiors. One of these binding sites corresponding to the hNEIL1 active site has been the object of a virtual screening of the Greenpharma database. This allowed us to identify potential inhibitors whom effects will be soon tested in vitro on the humain protein hNEIL1.

Lors de la conception de médicaments, le criblage in silico est de plus en plus utilisé et lesméthodes disponibles nécessitent d'être évaluées. L'évaluation de 8 méthodes a mis enévidence l'efficacité des méthodes de criblage in silico et des problèmes de construction de labanque d'évaluation de référence (DUD), la conformation choisie pour les sites de liaisonn'étant pas toujours adaptée à tous les actifs. La puissance informatique actuelle le permettant,plusieurs structures expérimentales ont été choisies pour tenter de mimer la flexibilité dessites de liaison. Un autre problème a été mis en évidence : les métriques d'évaluation desméthodes souffrent de biais. De nouvelles métriques ont donc été proposées, telles queBEDROC et RIE. Une autre alternative est proposée ici, mesurant la capacité prédictive d'uneméthode en actifs. Enfin, une petite molécule active sur le TNFα in vitro et in vivo sur souris aété identifiée par un protocole de criblage in silico. Ainsi, malgré le besoin d'amélioration desméthodes, le criblage in silico peut être d'un important soutien à l'identification de nouvellesmolécules a visée thérapeutique. / Since the introduction of virtual screening in the drug discovery process, the number ofvirtual screening methods has been increasing and available methods have to be evaluated.In this work, eight virtual screening methods were evaluated in the DUD database, showingadequate efficiency. This also revealed some shortcomings of the DUD database as thebinding site conformation used in the DUD was not relevant for all the actives.As computational power now permits to address this issue, classical docking runs have beenperformed on several X-ray structures, used to represent the binding site flexibility. This alsorevealed that evaluation metrics show some biases. New evaluation metrics have thus beenproposed, e.g. BEDROC and RIE. An alternative method was also proposed usingpredictiveness curves, based on compound activity probabilityFinally, a virtual screening procedure has been applied to TNFa. A small molecule inhibitor,showing in vitro and in vivo activity in mice, has been identified. This demonstrated the valueof virtual screening for the drug discovery process, although virtual screening methods needto be improved.

Le criblage virtuel est largement employé pour la recherche de nouveaux médicaments.La sélection de structures pour les méthodes de criblage virtuel basées sur la structure reste problématique. Nous avons montré que les propriétés physico-chimiques du site de liaison, critères simples et peu coûteux en temps de calcul, pouvaient être utilisées pour guider celle-ci.L’évaluation des méthodes de criblage virtuel, critique pour vérifier leur fiabilité, repose sur la qualité de banques d’évaluation. Nous avons construit la NRLiSt BDB, n’incluant que des données vérifiées manuellement et prenant en compte le profil pharmacologique des ligands. Une étude à l’aide du logiciel Surflex-Dock montre qu’elle devrait devenir la base de données de référence, pour l’évaluation des méthodes de criblage virtuel et pour rechercher de nouveaux ligands des récepteurs nucléaires. L’application d’un protocole hiérarchique de criblage in silico/in vitro, a permis d’identifier de nouveaux composés inhibiteurs de l’IL-6, potentiellement utilisables dans le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde. Les résultats in vitro devront être confirmés par des tests in vivo. / Virtual screening is widely used in drug discovery processes.Structure selection in structure-based virtual screening methods is still problematic. We showed that simple and “low cost” binding site physico-chemical properties could be used to guide structure selection.The evaluation of virtual screening methods, necessary to ensure their reliability, relies on benchmarking databases quality. We created the NRLiSt BDB, gathering only manually curated data and taking into account ligands pharmacological profiles. A study using Surflex-Dock showed that the NRLiSt BDB should become the reference, both for the evaluation of virtual screening methods and for the identification of new ligands of the nuclear receptors.The use of a in silico/invitro hierarchical approach screening allowed to identify new IL-6 inhibitors, that could be used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In vitro results should be confirmed in vivo.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Development of new cancer drugs is increasingly costly and time-consuming. By exploiting massive amounts of biological data, computational repositioning proposes new uses for old drugs to reduce these development hurdles. A promising approach is the systematic analysis of structural data for identification of shared binding pockets and modes of action. In this thesis, I developed the Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP), which characterizes and indexes protein-ligand interactions to enable comparative analyses and searching in all available structures. Following, I applied PLIP to identify new treatment options in cancer: the heat shock protein Hsp27 confers resistance to drugs in cancer cells and is therefore an attractive target with a postulated drug binding site. Starting from Hsp27, I used PLIP to define an interaction profile to screen all structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The top prediction was experimentally validated in vitro. It inhibits Hsp27 and significantly reduces resistance of multiple myeloma cells against the chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib. Besides computational repositioning, PLIP is used in docking, binding mode analysis, quantification of interactions and many other applications as evidenced by over 12,000 users so far. PLIP is provided to the community online and as open source.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T12:56:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3524208 bytes, checksum: 1dfa6b7ebfd1711a48733025c4052ee9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T12:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3524208 bytes, checksum: 1dfa6b7ebfd1711a48733025c4052ee9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The human body has a large bacterial flora, but when these bacteria, the principle of commensal character, become part of site other than it's natural, they can cause some severe diseases. Researches that are based either on the search of new drugs from plants or on the improvement of phytotherapics are in prominence and continue to play an important role nowadays. In this perspective, the aim was to carry out a phytochemical study of Solanum capsicoides All. fruits to isolate and characterize the chemical substances of this species and to use in silico studies to carry out investigations of new molecules potentially active for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli using a database created with secondary metabolites isolated from Solanum genus. The phytochemical study of Solanum capsicoides All. fruits resulted in the isolation of three substances: carpesterol, acetylated glucose and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. A review of the literature led to the creation of a database with 421 different secondary metabolites isolated from the Solanum genus. Two databases from CHEMBL were selected. The first one with activity against MRSA and another against E. coli. The compounds were classified according to the pIC50 values to generate and validate the model using "Random Forest"(RF). The structure of six new target proteins against S. aureus obtained from the PDB (Protein database) were used for virtual screening of the based on the receptor structure using docking studies by the Molegro Virtual Docker, reaching to select Solanum database molecules capable of interacting in the binding sites of proteins. The RF prediction model for MRSA obtained a percent accuracy of 81%, area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.885, selecting 8 molecules with an active potential above 60%. The prediction model for Escherichia coli obtained an accuracy rate of 88%, area under ROC curve of 0.932, selecting 4 molecules with potential probability above 84%. The study of the coupling of six target enzymes to S. aureus selected an average of 50 molecules from the bank of 421 isolated molecules of the genus Solanum with an ability to interact with on active site of each enzyme. In addition, it was possible to obtain 1 molecule with active potential and interaction capacity with 5 enzymes studied, 7 molecules interacting with 3 enzymes and 6 with 2 enzymes of S. aureus. The rutin, a molecule potentially active in the in silico study for S. aureus and E. coli, together with carpesterol, were tested in vitro against these bacteria. Microbiological tests have shown that carpesterol has no antimicrobial activity for the studied strains, and that the rutin has activity only for E. coli. An interaction study with strains of S. aureus ATCC 25923, a standard strain sensitive to all antibiotics, and SAM-01, a multidrug resistant strain, was designed. There was interaction only between rutin and oxacillin, one of the three antibiotics studied in the interaction, for a strain SAM- 01, reducing the resistance of this strain. / O ser humano possui uma vasta flora bacteriana que é comensal, mas quando essas bactérias, a princípio de caráter comensal, passam a fazer parte de outro sítio que não o seu natural, podem causar graves patogenias. Pesquisas que se fundamentam na busca por novos medicamentos a partir de plantas ou no melhoramento de fitoterápicos já existentes vem se destacando e continuam a desempenhar um papel importante nos dias de hoje. Nessa perspectiva objetivou-se realizar um estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de Solanum capsicoides All. para isolar e caracterizar substâncias químicas desta espécie e, utilizando estudos in silico, realizar investigações de novas moléculas potencialmente ativas para Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) e Escherichia coli, utilizando um banco de dados criado com metabólitos secundários isolados do gênero Solanum. O estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de Solanum capsicoides All. resultou no isolamento de três substancias: carpesterol, glicose acetilada e 4-hidroxi-benzaldeído. A revisão de literatura levou à criação de um banco de dados com 421 diferentes metabólitos secundários isolados do gênero Solanum. Foram selecionados dois bancos de dados obtidos a partir do CHEMBL. O primeiro com atividade contra S. aureus multirresistente (MRSA) e o outro contra E. coli. Os compostos foram classificados de acordo com valores de pIC50 para gerar e validar o modelo utilizando “Random Forest”(RF). A estrutura de seis novas proteínas alvo contra S. aureus obtidas do Protein Data Bank (PDB) foram utilizadas para triagem virtual baseada na estrutura do receptor utilizando estudos de “docking” com o software Molegro Virtual Docker, a fim de selecionar moléculas do banco de dados de Solanum com potencial capacidade de interagir nos sítios de ligação dessas proteínas. O modelo RF de predição para S. aureus multirresistente obteve uma porcentagem de acerto de 81%, área sob a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) de 0,885, selecionando 8 moléculas com potencial ativo superior a 60%. O modelo de predição para Escherichia coli obteve taxa de acerto de 88%, área sob curva ROC de 0,932, selecionando 4 moléculas com probabilidade de potencial ativo superior a 84%. O estudo do docking das seis enzimas alvo para S. aureus selecionou uma média de 50 moléculas do banco de 421 moléculas isoladas do gênero Solanum com a capacidade de interagir no sitio ativo de cada enzima. Analisando moléculas multitarget, foi possível obter 1 molécula com potencial ativo e capacidade de interação com 5 das 6 enzimas estudadas, 7 moléculas interagindo com 3 enzimas e 6 com 2 enzimas de S. aureus. A rutina, uma molécula potencialmente ativa no estudo in silico para S. aureus e E. coli, juntamente com o carpesterol, foram testadas in vitro contra essas bactérias. Os testes microbiológicos mostraram que o carpesterol não possui atividade antimicrobiana para as cepas estudadas, e que a rutina possui atividade apenas para a cepa de E. coli. Foi realizado ainda estudo de interação com as cepas de S. aureus ATCC 25923, uma cepa padrão sensível a todos os antibióticos, e SAM-01, uma cepa multirresistente. Houve interação apenas entre a rutina e a oxacilina, um dos três antibióticos estudados na interação, para a cepa SAM-01, diminuindo a resistência dessa cepa.

Submitted by LILIAN HERNÁNDEZ ALVAREZ null (lilianhern@gmail.com) on 2017-10-16T13:40:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian_dissertacao_final.pdf: 8133270 bytes, checksum: ea7913c9f03bc3c89f0211896c01cc88 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-18T17:58:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hernandezalvarez_l_me_sjrp.pdf: 8133270 bytes, checksum: ea7913c9f03bc3c89f0211896c01cc88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T17:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hernandezalvarez_l_me_sjrp.pdf: 8133270 bytes, checksum: ea7913c9f03bc3c89f0211896c01cc88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Trypanosoma cruzi é o agente causal da doença de Chagas, uma infecção negligenciada que afeta milhões de pessoas nas regiões tropicais. A maioria dos fármacos empregados no tratamento desta doença são altamente tóxicos e geram resistência. Na atualidade, o descobrimento de inibidores alostéricos é um tópico emergente dentro da área de desenho computacional de fármacos, pois promove a acessibilidade a medicamentos mais seletivos e menos tóxicos. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma estratégia para a descoberta computacional de inibidores alostéricos a qual foi aplicada à cruzaína, a principal cisteíno protease do T. cruzi. A caracterização molecular da forma livre e ligada da cruzaína foi investigada através do ancoramento molecular, simulações de dinâmica molecular, cálculos de energia livre de ligação e construção de redes de interações entre resíduos. A partir da análise baseada na geometria das estruturas geradas na dinâmica molecular, foram detectados dois potenciais sítios alostéricos na cruzaína. Os resultados sugerem a existência de diferentes mecanismos de regulação exercidos pela ligação de inibidores diferentes no mesmo sítio alostérico. Além disso, foram identificados os resíduos que estabelecem os caminhos de transmissão de informação entre um dos sítios alostéricos identificado e o sítio ativo da enzima. O presente estudo é a primeira aproximação de desenho de inibidores alostéricos da cruzaína e serve para futuras intervenções farmacológicas. Esses resultados constituem uma base para o desenho de inibidores específicos de cisteíno proteases homólogas da papaína. / Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected infection affecting millions of people in tropical regions. There are several chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease, but most of them are highly toxic and generate resistance. Currently, the development of allosteric inhibitors constitutes a promising research field, since it may improve the accessibility to more selective and less toxic medicines. To date, the allosteric drugs prediction is a state-of-the-art topic in rational structure-based computational design. In this work a simulation strategy was developed for computational discovery of allosteric inhibitors, and it was applied for or cruzain, a promising target and the major cysteine protease of T. cruzi. Molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations and network-based modelling of residue interactions were combined to characterize and compare molecular distinctive features of the apo form and the cruzain-allosteric inhibitor complexes. By using geometry-based detection on trajectory snapshots we determined the existence of two main allosteric sites suitable for drug targeting. The results suggest dissimilar mechanism exerted by the same allosteric site when binding different potential allosteric inhibitors. Finally, we identified the residues involved in suboptimal paths linking the identified site and the orthosteric site. The present study constitutes the first approximation for designing cruzain allosteric inhibitors and may serve for future pharmacological intervention. These findings are particularly relevant for the design of allosteric modulators of papain-like cysteine proteases. / CAPES: 031/2013

La thrombose est le plus important processus pathologique sous-jacent à de nombreuses maladies cardiovasculaires, qui sont responsables d’une mortalité élevée dans le monde entier. Dans cette thèse, la conception assistée par ordinateur de nouveaux agents antithrombotiques capables d’inhiber deux types de récepteurs situés à la surface des plaquettes a été appliquée. Le premier - αIIbβ3 - est responsable de l’interaction des plaquettes activées avec le fibrinogène pour former des caillots, tandis que le second – le thromboxane A2 – est responsable de l’activation des plaquettes par l’un des agonistes excrétés par les plaquettes activées. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, différents types de modèles ont été développés en utilisant les informations expérimentales disponibles et la structure des complexes protéine-ligand, comprenant des modèles QSAR, des pharmacophores 3D basés sur la structure de la protéine ou du ligand, des pharmacophores 2D, des modèles basés sur la forme et sur le champ moléculaire. L’ensemble des modèles développés ont été utilisés en criblage virtuel. Cette étude a abouti sur la suggestion de nouveaux antagonistes potentiels des récepteurs αIIbβ3 et thromboxane A2. Les antagonistes de αIIbβ3 suggérés pouvant se lier soit à la forme ouverte soit à la forme fermée du récepteur ont été synthétisés et testés expérimentalement. L’expérience montre qu’ils font preuve d’une forte activité; de plus, certains des composés conçus théoriquement sont plus efficaces que le Tirofiban, qui est un médicament commercialisé. Les antagonistes recommandés du récepteur thromboxane A2 ont déjà été synthétisés mais les tests biologiques n’ont pas encore été complétés. / Thrombosis is the most important pathological process underlying many cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for high mortality worldwide. In this theses the computer-aided design of new anti-thrombotic agents able to inhibit two types of receptors located on the surface of the platelets has been applied. The first one - αIIbβ3 - is responsible for the interaction of activated platelets with fibrinogen to form clots, whereas the second one - thromboxane A2 - is responsible for platelet activation by one of agonists excreted by activated platelets. To achieve this, different types of models have been developed using experimentally available information and structure of protein-ligand complexes. This concerns: QSAR models, structure-based and ligand-based 3D pharmacophore models, 2D pharmacophore models, shape-based and molecular field-based models. The ensemble of the developed models were used in virtual screening. This study resulted in suggestion of new potential antagonists of αIIbβ3 and thromboxane A2 receptors. Suggested antagonists of αIIbβ3 able to bind either open or closed form of the receptor have been synthesized and tested experimentally. Experiments show that they display high activity; moreover some of theoretically designed compounds are more efficient than Tirofiban – the commercialized drug molecule. The recommended antagonists of thromboxane A2 receptor have been already synthesized but biological tests have not been completed yet.