A manutenção da convivência dos filhos com ambos os pais após a ruptura conjugal é uma temática discutida em vários textos, documentos e leis nacionais e internacionais. Todavia, a preservação destas relações se mostra uma tarefa complexa, quando nos referimos às Varas de Família e às separações e divórcios litigiosos que a elas se apresentam. Além dos conflitos parentais, diferentes razões podem causar o distanciamento entre os filhos e o genitor com quem não residem, como alegações de violência sobretudo sexual contra a criança, recusa desta em ver o genitor descontínuo e dificuldades impostas pelo genitor contínuo com relação à convivência. Nos casos mais graves, o convívio pode ser regulamentado judicialmente sob a modalidade de visitas monitoradas, isto é, na presença de um terceiro, visando preservar o vínculo entre pais ou outros familiares e crianças e/ou adolescentes e, ao mesmo tempo, garantir a proteção destes. Em nosso contexto de pesquisa, os encontros acontecem dentro dos fóruns e são monitorados por psicólogos judiciários. Estes, porém, atuam sem embasamento técnico ou teórico, dada a escassez de cursos de Psicologia que oferecem a disciplina de Psicologia Jurídica no Brasil, a carência de literatura nacional específica sobre as visitas monitoradas e a falta de uma estrutura adequada, incluindo supervisão e discussão de casos, que permita aos profissionais uma sistematização da prática. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo compreender o significado e a função das visitas monitoradas determinadas judicialmente em Varas de Família para operadores do Direito (juízes, promotoras e advogados), psicólogas judiciárias e familiares. Realizamos a coleta de dados a partir de entrevistas psicológicas semi-estruturadas, por meio do método hermenêutico (Mandelbaum, 2012), com 18 participantes, sendo quatro magistrados, duas promotoras, um advogado, oito psicólogas judiciárias, dois pais e uma mãe. As entrevistas foram transcritas e, no decorrer das transcrições, identificamos temáticas comuns nos discursos dos entrevistados, o que levou à criação de 18 categorias de análise. A partir destas, realizamos uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica internacional, a fim de conhecermos a prática de visitas monitoradas pelo mundo. Deparamo-nos com ampla quantidade de materiais publicados na Europa, Oceania, América do Norte e Israel, cujas experiências apresentam algumas diferenças daquelas realizadas no Brasil, entretanto, muitas semelhanças, tais como: a variedade de terminologias utilizadas para designar a visitação monitorada; uma diversidade de práticas e formatos de trabalho; problemas de comunicação entre os tribunais e aqueles que monitoram os encontros e dificuldade quanto a uma definição clara da técnica e do lugar do profissional nas visitas monitoradas. A análise das entrevistas foi condizente com os temas encontrados no exterior, o que permitiu uma articulação teórico-prática e a percepção da limitação do procedimento de visitas monitoradas para atender às demandas dos complexos conflitos familiares que rotineiramente chegam às Varas de Família. Concluímos pela importância da viabilização de uma integralização de serviços, que ofereça uma rede de cuidado e suporte às famílias em litígio, cujas necessidades extrapolam a capacidade e mesmo o objetivo das visitas monitoradas / The maintenance of the children\'s contact with both parents after the marital breakup is a theme discussed in many texts, documents, and national and international laws. However, the preservation of these relationships is a complex task, when we refer to the Family Courts and the litigious separations and divorces that present themselves to them. In addition to parental conflicts, different reasons may cause the distance between the offspring and the parent with whom they do not reside, such as allegations of violence - especially sexual - against the child, refusal to see the noncustodial parent and difficulties imposed by the custodial parent related to access. In more severe cases, contact can be legally regulated in the form of supervised visitation, i.e., in the presence of a third party, to preserve the bond between parents or other family members and children and/or adolescents and, at the same time, ensuring protection to this children and adolescents. In our research context, the meetings take place within the forums and are supervised by judicial psychologists. These professionals, however, act without technical or theoretical basis, given the shortage of Psychology courses that offer the discipline of Legal Psychology in Brazil, the deficiency of specific national literature about the supervised visitation and the lack of adequate infrastructure, including supervision and case discussion, to allow these professionals a systematization of the practice. The aim of the present study was to comprehend the meaning and function of supervised visitation judicially ordered in the Family Courts for legal operators, (judges, prosecutors and lawyers), judiciary psychologists and family members. We performed the data collection by semi-structured psychological interviews, through the hermeneutic method (Mandelbaum, 2012), with 18 participants, being four magistrates, two prosecutors, one lawyer, eight judicial psychologists, two fathers and one mother. The interviews were transcribed and, during the transcripts, we identified common themes in the respondents speeches, which led to the creation of 18 categories of analysis. From these, we carried out an extensive international bibliographical research, in order to get to know the practice of supervised visitation around the world. We encountered a broad amount of materials published in Europe, Oceania, North America and Israel, whose experiences show some differences from those performed in Brazil, however, many similarities, such as: the variety of terminology used to designate supervised visitation; a diversity of practices and formats of work; problems of communication between the courts and those who supervise the meetings, and difficulty related to a clear definition of the technique and the role of the professional in the supervised visits. The analysis of the interviews was consistent with the themes found abroad, allowing a theoretical and practical articulation and also the perception of the limits of the supervised visitation procedure to assist the demands of the complex family conflicts that routinely reach the Family Courts. We conclude by the importance of the feasibility of integrated services that could offer a network of care and support to the families in litigation, whose needs exceed the capacity and even the objective of the supervised visitation

Legal status of a child after break-up of their parents Abstract The goal of this thesis is to thoroughly elaborate about possible arrangements of situation of a child after the break-up of their parents, with focus on specifics of joint custody. The aim is also to critically evaluate corresponding practices of the Czech Constitutional Court and to put current legal regulations into historical and comparative context. The topic of this diploma thesis is legal status of a child after break-up of their parents. It is focused both on children of married and unmarried parents. An extra chapter about legal status of children from atypical families is also included, which addresses unusual legal positions of children of same-sex parents, children born via surrogacy and children raised by foster and adoptive parents. In the first chapter the marriage, cohabitation and differences between these two is discussed. A brief description of how the law in question evolved is included as well. The interest of a child is also characterized, as it is the primary consideration when (not only) courts are deciding about children. Third chapter covers parental responsibility. The following part is mostly focused on the topic of custody including an overview of the historical context. In this part, forms of custody and their...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sheila Taba.pdf: 45392684 bytes, checksum: 5ead51ad16e7766c3b659cc13c21f394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Child visitation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a conflicting situation in which the multidisciplinary team bears the responsibility of deciding upon allowing or not the child to visit a relative who is hospitalized. The reflections are individual, and the decisions are based on the professional's subjectivity. The growing demand ofvisitation ofchildren under the age established in hospital norms requires a more accurate reflection on the theme and the systematizing of a processo Thus, this study aims to create a 2-12-year-old child visitation protocol at Adult and Child Intensive Care Units in public hospitaIs. Considering the rights of the child, the patient, and the family as well as the dynamics of this hospital unit, child visitation to critical patients will be understood as a step forward in healthcare improvement, in agreement with healthcare policies of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), the Brazilian public healthcare system within the HumanizaSus program guidelines. The child visitation to her hospitalized relative aims to align ethics with the needs emerging in modern society. In one year, 11 evaluations of child visitation at adult and child Intensive Care Units, for SUS paiients only, were performed. The requirements for visitation were spontaneous and the evaluation of permission or restriction included observation and intervlew by the researcher with the patient, the child, and the farnily, in addition to the team's judgment andinformation collected in the files. From the 17 children evaluated, 13 were allowed entrance and were followed in the visitation. Afterwards, inforrnation on their behavior and adverse reactions during the visit was collected with the relatives. The results showed that the visits occurred without incidents or problems. The entrance of the four children who were not allowed was denied by their families. The protocol was improved throughout the research and has proven adequate in helping on the decision by professionals involved / A visita de criança em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva é uma situação conflitante, na qual recai sobre a equipe multidisciplinar a responsabilidade na tomada de decisão quanto a permitir ou restringir a visita da criança a seu familiar internado nesta unidade. As reflexões são individualizadas e as decisões são baseadas na subjetividade do profissional. Há uma crescente demanda solicitando a visita de crianças menores do que a idade estabelecida nas normativas hospitalares, o que justifica a necessidade de uma reflexão mais acurada sobre o tema e. a sistematização desse processo. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo criar um protocolo de visita de criança de 02 a 12 anos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulta e/ou Pediátrica em hospitais públicos. Considerando os direitos da, criança, do paciente e da família, e a dinâmica desta unidade hospitalar, a visita de criança a pacientes críticos será compreendida como um passo a mais na melhoria da assistência prestada, em conformidade com as políticas de saúde do nosso Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) inseridas diretrizes do programa HumanizaSus. A visita da criança a seu familiar internado em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos busca alinhar a ética às necessidades emergentes na sociedade moderna. No período de um ano, foram realizadas 17 avaliações de visita de criança em UTls (Adulto e Pediátrica) de um hospital Universitário, que atende exclusivamente pacienÜ sldo SUS. As solicitações de visita foram espontâneas e a avaliação para permissão ou restrição da visita da criança incluiu observação e entrevista pelo pesquisador com o paciente, criança e família, além do parecer da equipe e informações colhidas no prontuário. Das 17 avaliações, 13 crianças entraram e foram acompanhadas nas visitas e, posteriormente, colheu-se informações com os familiares sobre seu comportamento e reações adversas em razão da visita feita, verificando-se que as visitas ocorreram sem qualquer intercorrência ou problemas posteriores. Das quatro crianças que não entraram para visita, foi por decisão da própria família. O protocolo foi sendo aperfeiçoado no decorrer da pesquisa e se mostrou adequado no auxílio à tomada de decisão feita pelos profissionais envolvidos

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Antarctica is one of the most beautiful and remote places on the planet. The moniker of being the highest, driest, coldest, iciest, windiest, most remote continent, surrounded by the stormiest ocean is well deserved, yet it also acts as quite a draw for visitors. Despite the fact that visitor numbers have been steadily rising for the past 15 years, very little is empirically known about the experience these visitors have, particularly outside of the Antarctic Peninsula region. This lack of understanding is particularly detrimental from the perspective of visitor management, as is being discovered by agencies worldwide. As such, the aim of this thesis is to report on a study of visitor experiences in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. Visitors are defined as those who come into physical contact with the continent, and whose primary activity and purpose is simply "being there." Visitors are a wider population than just commercial tourists aboard cruise ships; visitors are not passengers on commercial overflights, the scientists or base and support staff. Experience is defined as a longitudinal period—looking at visitors well in advance of their visit, throughout their time on site, and following up back at their homes. The Ross Sea region is essentially equivalent to New Zealand's Ross Dependency, a section of the Antarctic "pie" from the South Pole to 60°S, bounded by approximately 150°E and 150°W. Using a three-phase methodology to examine the cycle of experience, the purpose of this study is to compare groups of visitors with four organisations through this cycle, and analyse for change or transition as a result of their visit. The visitors were participants, to varying degrees, in a number of data-gathering methods during the 2002–2003 or 2003–2004 seasons. Such methods included: self-administered surveys sent to the respondents' home (up to three months in advance of the trip); personal narratives and journals while on the trip (regardless of trip length; 4–28 days); in-depth interviews held in Christchurch directly before and after the trip when possible; and email surveys (two to three months following the visit). In 2003–2004, a supplemental season of data was collected that included a researcher familiarisation visit, participant observation, and informal interviews at Scott Base. These supplemental data helped shape the researcher's own thoughts and thus comments in the Discussion sections. Results indicate both similarities and differences as compared to previous research; key findings include: scenery was a strong motivator and component of image; expectations were for a safe and professional learning; mood was positive throughout all phases; visitation was both acceptable and problematic; the environment was important, even in advance of the visit; education was an essential benefit of the visit; the Ross Sea region was an impressive and awe-inspiring locale; organisational differences were apparent when discussing people and the role of transportation to the continent; historic huts were uniformly amazing sites for the feelings they instil; expectations were virtually always exceeded; awareness changed over the experience; sharing of awareness and teaching from one's learning had occurred; action may or may not have occurred on various specific issues, but the label of ambassador was respondent-perceived to be acceptable. This study concludes with a number of implications for theory, methods, and logistics, which will hopefully lead to future research that is much wider in scope (geographically), but equally inclusive in terms of methods and ability to utilize and critique theories built outside of purely tourism research.

This thesis examined factors affecting Chinese Canadians visitation to local parks and distant parks. These factors included environment identity, leisure attitudes, attitudes towards parks, level of acculturation and marginality. It was anticipated that these factors would positively predict Chinese Canadians visitation to parks. Convenience sampling of Chinese Canadians was conducted at three cities, Vancouver, Toronto and Edmonton. A self-completed questionnaire was used to collect data. The average response rate was 42%; 624 questionnaires were input into the data file. Passive activities characterized respondents participation in park-based activities. Lack of time was the most frequently reported constraint to visiting parks. Respondents suggestions for improving the park visitor experience included better and more accessible washrooms and parking lots, more entertainment facilities and more facilities for children. Respondents reported high levels of environmental identity, positive attitudes towards parks, and positive attitudes towards leisure, as well as moderate levels of acculturation. Results from multiple regression analysis revealed that only environmental identity positively predicted visits to local and distant parks.

Herbivory can have many effects on plant fitness, including altering plant-pollinator interactions and sexual reproduction in angiosperms. Pollinator-mediated interactions may be impacted when herbivores alter plant traits, such as floral display size, that can influence pollinator visitation rates, and, ultimately, the reproductive component of plant fitness. Here I describe an investigation into the indirect effects of feeding by beetles released as a biological control agent, Galerucella calmariensis and G. pusilla, on plant-pollinator interactions and reproductive output in the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria L. (purple loosestrife). During the summer of 2011, three treatments (low, ambient and mechanical herbivory) were applied to 105 plants during the pre-flowering period of growth. At the onset of flowering, a series of pollinator observations were conducted over the course of approximately 1.5 weeks. Several aspects of floral display were affected by the herbivory treatments, including increased inflorescence and flower production in the ambient and mechanical herbivory treatments, relative to the low herbivory treatment. Treatment type did not have a significant effect on the number of pollinator foraging bouts, but had marginally significant effects on the number of flowers probed per pollinator foraging bout and per 30-minutes. Moreover, treatment had a significant effect on the number of switches among the inflorescences on a single plant. I discuss the possibility that the differences in pollinator visitation were mediated by differences in the architecture and the size of floral display. There were no detectable differences in fruit or seed production (i.e., female fitness) among treatments. However, as I discuss, differences in pollinator visitation may affect other unmeasured aspects of fitness, such as the level of inbreeding or the number of seeds sired through male function.

In many of the disputes concerning custody, residence and visitation determined by the court, some form of violence has been performed. The consequence of a child who has witnessed violence in their homes is a problem that is sometimes overlooked. It is not unusual that the violence will continue even after a separation. The law shows that the child´s need of both parents is to be met. This has according to previous studies resulted in the fact that courts do not always see visitation with a violent parent as a risk for the child. This is the reason why we wanted to investigate this further. The aim of our study was to examine and describe how courts argue for decisions regarding a child's contact with a parent who is suspected of having used violence in the family, based on current laws. The method of the study was document analysis and the material consisted of ten Swedish court cases from the years 2010 and 2011. The starting point of the analysis was the sociology of childhood together with the concepts “child’s perspective” and “the perspective of the child”. The court cases were analyzed on basis of the law, our analytical framework and previous research. Our study shows that the court considers it important for the child with a near and well contact with both parents. The results also show that the will of the child not seems as important to take into account as the child’s best interests or the risk that the child gets hurt.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2010. / Title from screen (viewed on March 3, 2010). School of Social Work, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Margaret E. Adamek, Carol Hostetter, Gail M. Folaron, Angela B. McBride. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160).

The purpose of this study was to examine children's participation in court proceedings on supervised visitation and to analyse the descriptions of children in court verdicts. Eleven verdicts concerning supervised visitation resolved in 2014 were collected from two district courts in Stockholm County and studied with a qualitative textual analysis. The material was analysed with participation levels influenced by the ladder of participation for children developed by Roger Hart and with the theory of sociology of childhood. Our findings showed that children's opinions were mentioned in eight of the verdicts. In four verdicts the children's will influenced the courts decisions. The children’s will was in none of the verdicts determinant for the outcome. The children's level of participation had no correlation with their age. The children were often described as having universal needs rather than individual needs. The will of the children was in some verdicts invalidated by the court because of their age and their perceived lack of ability to understand what's best for them in the future. Our conclusions are that the court rarely described the children as independent actors or took the children's wishes into account.