Mobility has changed in recent years in cities worldwide, th.anks to tb.e strong rise in vehicles of micromobility. Bicycle riding is the most widespread micromobility transport mode, followed by stand-up electric scooters (e-scooters). This increase in its use has also led to an increase in related crashes. Both cyclists and e-scooter riders are vulnerable road users and are lik.ely to sustain severe injuries in crashes, especially with motor vehicles. The crashes consequences involving cyclists and other micromobility users have already investigated using numerical simulation software, such as MADYMO and PC-Crash. Most of them have been focused on bicycles and electric bicycles, whereas only few of tbem have analyzed e-scooter crashes consequences. Posirisuk: et al. [1] carried out a computational prediction ofhead-ground impact k:inematics :in e-scooter falls. Ptak et al. [2] analyzed the e-scooter user kinematics after a crash against SUV when the e-scooter chives into the sidefront of tbe vehicle, a side B-pillar crash and a frontal impact initiated by tbe e-scooter to tbe front-end of the vehicle. However, they did not study the consequ.ences of a car to e-scooter side impact crashes. Xu et al. [3] did study these crashes but considering electric self-balancing scooters that are less widespread than e-scooters. Current study focuses on the consequences of a car to micromobility user (cyclist and e-scooter rider) side impact crashes. The analysis is based on numerical simulations with PC-Crash software.

A thoughtful survey of the history of psychiatry sheds light on a rich and intricate story of our evolving understanding, experience, and treatment of mental illness through time. These chronicles are at once a show of human curiosity for the mind-body connection, and an experiment in cruel and unusual treatment of illnesses that have proven difficult to quantify through both ancient and modern scientific means. It is the latter that makes an ethical study of the past so vital in a concerted effort to write a more just future for all patients. This paper provides a survey of the history of mental health and psychiatry from ancient Egypt to modern-day America, highlighting the injustices suffered by patients with mental illness throughout all times with a particular focus on the burden shouldered by vulnerable and underprivileged persons, minorities, and urban populations. Through an analysis of landmark American cases, it examines the establishment of civil rights for psychiatric patients in the areas of: the right to treatment, right to refuse treatment, and civil commitment. Drawing upon these precedents and historical contexts, this paper explores how the principles of bioethics can be applied to the future of psychiatry with respect to emerging trends like the use of social media, telehealth, gene editing, and AI/VR in medicine. By thoughtfully reflecting on the past and applying the lessons we have gleaned to the future, this thesis aims to promote a more ethical and equitable approach to mental healthcare, one that protects and actively fosters the empowerment of all patients, regardless of background, mental status, or socioeconomic status. / Urban Bioethics

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Juvenile delinquency is a currently existing problem in particularly vulnerableareas in Malmo, Sweden. By applying social fieldwork to delinquent geographicareas, a preventive purpose is also achieved. Thus, the purpose of this study is toexamine fieldworkers' working methods towards youths in those required areas.The following domains are Rosengard, Sofielund and Nydala / Hermodsdal /Lindangen in Malmo City. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate thefieldworkers' perceived effect of their methods. To fulfill the purpose of the study,a qualitative approach has been applied with theoretical foundations. Thesetheories are the social bond theory and differential association theory. Four field workers from three different field operations in Malmo, have participated in semi-structured interviews. To further analyze the collected information, a thematic analysis has been implemented. Results obtained in the analysis show that thefields' tasks are mostly based on three central methods. These methods conclude:mapping out which areas to visit, communing with the youth to strengthenrelationships and increase their motivation and lastly referring them to furtheractors for extended support, if necessary. The field workers experience that theirimplementations encourage the adolescents to develop in a favourable direction.This is due to the methods being based on voluntary participation and tostrengthen relationships and social ties during the social interactions. / Ungdomsbrottslighet är idag ett aktuellt problem i Malmö, Sverige i de områdensom vi benämner som särskilt utsatta områden. Genom att tillämpa socialtfältarbete på utsatta geografiska områden uppnås ett förebyggandeförhållningssätt. Syftet med denna studie är således att undersöka fältarbetaresarbetsmetoder gentemot ungdomar inom Malmös särskilt utsatta områden.Följande områden är Rosengård, Sofielund och Nydala / Hermodsdal / Lindängeni Malmö stad. Vidare är syftet att undersöka fältarbetarnas upplevda effekt av sinametoder. För att uppfylla studiens syfte, har ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätttillämpats med teoretiska grunder. Dessa teorier är kontrollteorin och teorin omdifferentiella associationer. Fyra fältarbetare från tre olika fältverksamheter iMalmö har deltagit i semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att ytterligare analysera detinsamlade materialet har en tematisk analys genomförts. Resultat från analysenvisar att fältarbetares arbetsuppgifter mestadels består av tre centrala metoder.Dessa metoder är att kartlägga vilka områden som ska besökas, kommunicera medungdomar för att stärka relationer och öka deras motivation och slutligen,vidarebefordra dem till ytterligare aktörer för utökat stöd, om det behövs.Fältarbetarna upplever att deras implementeringar uppmuntrar ungdomarna attutvecklas i en positiv riktning. Detta beror på att deras metoder bygger på frivilligtdeltagande och för att stärka relationer samt sociala band under de socialainteraktionerna.

IAB one solution of micromobility, e-scooters have become a trend in Germany. However, the concems about the safety of e-scooter riders, influence on pedestrians and the parking issues are growing. In 2020, 2,155 e-scooters involved personal injury accidents were recorded in Germany. The number rose to 5,502 in 2021 meaning an increase of 155.31 %. Compared to cyclists (incl. pedelec cyclists), the increasing rate of personal injury accidents in the same period decreased by 8.75 % [1, 2]. Against the background of accidents with e-scooters in cities, prior studies analysed severity and patterns of injuries caused by such accidents [3, 4]. In addition, comparisons are drawn to the consequences of accidents with other vehicles [5, 6]. Some studies also consider the risk of injuries in relation to the miles travelled [7]. The studies provide valuable findings but the approaches focus on the severe consequences of occurred accidents. At the same time, compared to bicycles, the centre of gravity of e-scooters is lower, they are more manoeuvrable and can still reach speeds of up to 20 km/h [8]. The question remains, if these vehicle characteristics are associated with different interaction behaviour. Hence, the aim of the present study is to reveal the riding behaviour profile in different contexts and investigate e-scooter riders' criticality in interaction behaviour compared with cyclists using surrogate safety measures. We aim to figure out if the interaction behaviour of the two modes differ and what the effects of potential differences are for safety considerations in the system of active mobility.

The Swedish Police Authority currently categorise 61 urban areas in Sweden as vulnerable areas, where there is an increased risk of becoming a victim of crime or violence to both females and males living in those areas. In these places the feeling of insecurity and the lack of trust and confidence in the judiciary system is more common than in other urban parts of Sweden. Due to this negative trend and development local power factors have evolved, and the risk of parallel social structures enforced by criminal activity and violent extremism is higher than in other places in Sweden. This thesis investigates the connection between Swedish criminal networks and violent Islamic extremism to create a better understand of why individuals from the vulnerable areas in Sweden join criminal networks and, or violent Islamic extremist groups

Linguistic racism is faced by non-native customers due to their different language style when they go through the service exchange process. Despite its prevalence and importance, there is a dearth of research about linguistic racism in the marketing literature, especially from consumers' perspectives. This dissertation thus aims to address this gap by focusing on consumers' cognitive and affective responses as a result to their linguistic racism experiences when they interact with service employees (native speakers) from the host country. Toward this goal, first (Essay 1), a qualitative study is performed to anchor the dissertation in the customers' real-life experiences and to help identify key associated themes which are further empirically examined (Essay 2 & 3) in this three-essay format dissertation. Essay 2 empirically investigates if the identity assignment through ones' language style makes customers feel stigmatized and influence their psychological well-being. In addition, how these experiences subsequently influence their inclination to use technology-mediated interfaces. Similarly, the main objective of Essay 3 was to employ a sociological perspective to examine the impact of language-based chronic social exclusion on non-native customers' psychological and behavioral responses in the marketplace. Moreover, their intention to pay higher tip as a refocusing strategy when these customers experience language-based chronic social exclusion. Together these three essays extend our understanding of how language varieties and the associated stigma influence non-native customer's affective and cognitive responses and shape their consumer buying behavior.

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