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The waste framework directive from the European Commission states that 70 percent of allconstruction- and demolition waste (CDW) should be reused or recycled. In Sweden during theyear of 2018, 52,1 percent of the generated CDW was reused or recycled, but a report fromAvfall Sverige showed that reuse only accounted for small fractions of this. According to theEU's waste hierarchy, waste reduction followed by reuse are the most desirable ways to handlewaste. Research for how to reuse CDW is therefore considered an interesting and relevant topicfor research to help achieve the goal of the waste framework directive. The purpose of this master thesis was to further develop a Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA)model which was applied on different building components to evaluate how well suited theywere for reuse considering; (1) financial return, (2) environmental impact, (3) energyconsumption and (4) external aspects. The study was performed as a case study and the appliedmethods within the case study were interviews, a survey as well as the MCA model. To estimateaspects one to three of the MCA model, the theoretical framework consisted of a Cost BenefitAnalysis (CBA) and a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in accordance with the European standardEN15978. The fourth aspect was evaluated with help of a survey to assess qualitativedimensions of reuse. The study concluded that there are many challenges related to reuse in demolition projects.Some major challenges identified were the limited time frames, absence of competence andexperience among actors as well as logistical challenges. According to the results from theMCA model, there is a difference in how well suited the studied components were for reuse.The two most beneficial components to reuse out of the investigated ones in the case studywere crushed concrete and aluminum doors. It was also concluded that the MCA model issuitable to apply in this component specific context. / Avfallsdirektivet från Europeiska kommissionen säger att 70 procent av allt bygg- ochrivningsavfall (CDW) ska återanvändas eller återvinnas. I Sverige under året 2018återanvändes eller återvanns 52,1 procent av den totala mängden genererad CDW. En rapportfrån Avfall Sverige visade dock att återanvändning endast stod för små andelar av dessa 52,1procent. Enligt EU:s avfallshierarki är avfallsminimering följt av återanvändning de mestönskvärda metoderna för hantering av avfall. För att uppnå målet i avfallsdirektivet är studierkring återbruk av CDW ett intressant och relevant ämne. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att vidareutveckla en MCA-modell (Multi CriteriaAnalysis) som tillämpades på olika byggkomponenter för att utvärdera hur lämpliga de var föråteranvändning. Fyra aspekter togs i beaktning i modellen, nämligen (1) finansiell avkastning,(2) miljöpåverkan, (3) energiförbrukning och (4) externa aspekter. Studien utfördes som enfallstudie och de tillämpade metoderna inom fallstudien var intervjuer, en enkät samt utförandetav MCA-modellen. Det teoretiska ramverket för att uppskatta aspekterna ett till tre i MCAmodellenvar en kostnadsnyttoanalys (CBA) och en livscykelanalys (LCA) som utfördes ienlighet med den europeiska standarden EN15978. Den fjärde aspekten utvärderades med hjälpav en enkät för att bedöma de kvalitativa dimensionerna av återanvändning. Slutsatsen av studien var att det finns många utmaningar relaterade till återanvändning irivningsprojekt. Några stora utmaningar som identifierats var begränsade tidsramar, avsaknadav kompetens och erfarenhet bland aktörer samt logistiska utmaningar. Enligt resultaten frånMCA-modellen finns det en skillnad i hur väl lämpade de studerade komponenterna var föråteranvändning. De två mest fördelaktiga komponenterna att återanvända av de undersökta ifallstudien var krossad betong och aluminiumdörrar. Vidare drogs slutsatsen att MCAmodellenär lämplig att använda i detta komponentspecifika sammanhang.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this research report is to investigate sustainable alternative solid waste management methods for the Drakenstein Municipal Area in particular and South African municipalities in general. The point of departure is that landfilling alone is not sustainable and that alternative and/or complementary methods are required. Current solid waste management policies and practices in various countries all over the world are investigated in order to understand the global context of municipal solid waste management. The development of solid waste management in both developed and developing countries is considered in order to appreciate the different approaches and legal frameworks underpinning each approach. Several solid waste treatment methods, both established and advanced, are considered before the development of solid waste management in South Africa since 1992 is reviewed. An important aspect of evaluating alternatives is the identification of relevant stakeholders, key drivers for success and the constraints. An important conclusion reached in the research is that the lack of funding and the inherent inability of most municipalities in South Africa to render even basic municipal services currently make the introduction of advanced solid waste treatment methods non-sustainable. It is therefore suggested that the newly developed legal framework underpinning solid waste management in South Africa, be implemented in such a manner that all stakeholders are involved in the implementation of the basic principles of the waste hierarchy. The author believes that the introduction of technologically advanced waste treatment and disposal options will be premature if the basics of the waste hierarchy are not practiced by all. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie navorsingsverslag is ‘n ondersoek na volhoubare, alternatiewe vaste afvalbestuursmetodes vir Suid-Afrikaanse munisipaliteite in die breë en die Drakenstein Munisipaliteit in die besonder. Die basiese uitganspunt is dat vaste afvalstorting alleen nie volhoubaar is nie en dat alternatiewe/komplementêre metodes nodig word. Die vaste afvalbestuursbeleid en –praktyke wat tans wêreldwyd gevolg word, word ondersoek met die doel om die globale konteks daarvan beter te verstaan. Die ontwikkeling van vaste afvalbestuur in beide ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande word nagevors sodat die verskillende benaderings en wetlike raamwerke wat dit onderskryf, bestudeer kan word. Verskeie vaste afvalbestuursmetodes – beide gevestig en gevorderd – word bespreek waarna die ontwikkeling van vaste afvalbestuur in Suid-Afrika sedert 1992 onder die loep kom. ‘n Belangrike aspek van toepassing op die evaluering van alternatiewe, is die identfikasie van alle rolspelers, kritiese suksesfaktore en beperkinge. ‘n Belangrike bevinding wat gemaak word, is dat die gebrek aan voldoende fondse sowel as die inherente onvermoë van meeste Suid-Afrikaanse munisipaliteite om selfs basiese munisipale dienste te kan lewer, die implementering van gevorderde vaste afvalbestuursmetodes tans onvolhoubaar maak. In die verslag word dus aanbeveel dat die nuut-ontwikkelde wetlike raamwerk wat vaste afvalbestuur in Suid-Afrika reguleer, so geïmplementeer moet word dat alle rolspelers betrek word om die afval-hiërargie se basiese beginsels prakties toe te pas. Die outeur is van mening dat die implementering van nuwe, tegnologiesgevorderde vaste afvalbsetuursmetodes sal faal indien dit geïmplementeer sou word voordat die afval hiërargie voldoende toegepas word.

Encontrar soluções para a problemática dos resíduos e, em virtude da crescente demanda por energia, diminuir a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis têm constituído grandes desafios para os pesquisadores. O setor hospitalar é um potencial gerador dos chamados Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) que também apresenta um alto consumo de energia em decorrência do seu período de funcionamento e de equipamentos que necessitam de infraestrutura adequada. Apesar de representarem uma pequena parcela perante o montante dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), no Brasil, nem todos os geradores se preocupam com seu tratamento e destinação final. O emprego de tecnologias desenvolvidas para o tratamento desses resíduos com a possibilidade de recuperação energética deve ser avaliado. O Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HC-FMRP-USP) gera cerca de 1,9 ton/dia de RSS. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar a viabilidade legal, ambiental e econômico-financeira da implantação de um sistema próprio de tratamento de RSS no HCFMRP- USP para geração de energia. A metodologia foi estruturada em pesquisa exploratória, coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com responsáveis pelo setor dos RSS no hospital, com pesquisadores da área da saúde, de escolas de engenharia, órgãos técnicos e indústrias fabricantes dos equipamentos; levantamento bibliográfico e análise de conteúdo. Para a avaliação econômico-financeira, foi empregada a avaliação custoefetividade. Estudos comparativos sobre os tipos de tratamento disponíveis e utilizados nacionalmente foram considerados. Assim, o processo que melhor se adequou ao sistema proposto foi o da incineração com tecnologia de gaseificação e combustão combinadas (GCC). Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema proposto está sob a égide da lei contemplando, inclusive, a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), desde que mediante anuência do Conselho Gestor do campus da USP e de sua Comissão de Meio Ambiente, além do devido processo de licenciamento ambiental junto à CETESB e pré-análise dos RSS. Contudo, sob o aspecto ambiental há questões públicas e políticas sobre a aceitação de sua implantação no complexo hospitalar. Embora haja o emprego de avançada tecnologia, o equipamento avaliado necessita de instalação, manutenção e monitoramento adequados por profissionais capacitados para operá-los, a fim de se evitar possíveis danos às pessoas e ao meio-ambiente, para isso, os envolvidos devem agir com responsabilidade. Por fim, sob o aspecto econômico-financeiro houve um empate técnico entre os custos do tratamento realizado atualmente e os da proposta do investimento. Assim, esse último aspecto avaliado incidiu sobre o benefício implícito da decisão de se implantar ou não o processo. Portanto, considera-se a viabilidade da implantação de um sistema próprio para tratamento de RSS no HCFMRP-USP para geração de energia sob os três aspectos: legal, ambiental e econômicofinanceiro. / Finding solutions to the waste problem and reducing dependence on fossil fuels due to the growing demand for energy have become big challenges for researchers to deal with. Hospitals are large producers of Medical waste (MW) and also big energy consumers due to their long running hours and the running of equipment that demands adequate infrastructure. Despite accounting for a small share of all the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) not all producers, in Brazil, are concerned about waste treatment and its final destination. The use of technologies developed with the aim of treating such waste in order to generate energy has to be assessed. The Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP-USP) generates around 1.9 tons of waste per day. In this context, the general aim of this research program was to assess the legal, environmental and economic-financial feasibility of the implementation of a private system of biomedical waste treatment at HCFMRP-USP in order to generate energy. The method was structured in exploratory research, data gathering by means of semi-structured interviews with MW department staff at the hospital, with Health researchers, with Engineering College researchers, technical organizations and equipment manufacturers, besides bibliographic referencing and content analysis. Cost-effectiveness analysis was used for the economic-financial analysis. Comparative studies of the types of treatment available and used nationwide were taken into consideration. Thus, the process which best suited the proposed system was that of incineration by means of Gasification Combined Cycle (GCC). Results showed that the proposed system is under the support of Law and it also takes into consideration the National Policy for Solid Waste (NPSW), provided that it has the approval of the Director Council of the Administration of the campus of USP and of its Environment Committee as well as appropriate environmental licenses granted by CETESB and pre-analysis of MW. However, under the environmental aspect, there are public and political issues regarding the acceptance of this implementation in the hospital premises. Although there is the use of advanced technology, the equipment which was assessed needs to be installed, maintained and monitored adequately by professionals trained to operate it so as to avoid possible damage to humans and the environment. Staff involved must be responsible. Finally, under the economic-financial aspect there was a draw between the costs of the treatment conducted at present and those of the proposed investment. Therefore, this last aspect assessed prevailed over the implicit benefit of the decision on whether to implement the process or not. However, the feasibility of the implementation of a private MW treatment system at HC-FMRP-USP in order to generate energy is to be considered under the legal, environmental and economicfinancial aspects.

Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in "trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pollution-cycles". Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-05-25T13:07:01Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T13:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Durante a exploração de uma mina, vários impactos são causados no meio ambiente, entre eles a geração da drenagem ácida de minas (DAM), que consiste da exposição de minerais sulfetados ao ar, água e microorganismos do tipo ferroxidantes, apresentando reações de oxidação e formação de ácido sulfúrico solubilizando metais ali presentes contaminando o solo e as águas. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi estudar uma solução tecnológica fazendo uso da oxidação avançada com ozônio de metais pesados presentes em efluentes contaminados, em mina de urânio, com especial foco na remoção do manganês. A mina de urânio das Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil INB, em Caldas, Minas Gerais, local de aplicação deste estudo, enfrenta o problema da DAM e tem como principais contaminantes de suas águas superficiais os elementos, alumínio (Al), manganês (Mn), zinco (Zn), ferro (Fe), sulfatos (SO4+2), fluoretos (F-), metais de terras raras, alem do urânio (U) e do tório (Th). Os testes com ozônio realizados em laboratório com os efluentes da INB e in situ, mostraram uma grande eficiência para remoção do ferro, manganês e cério em até 99%. A concentração total de manganês ficou abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela resolução 430 e 357 do CONAMA. Elementos como neodímio (Nd), lantânio (La) e zinco (Zn) pouco se oxidam com O3. O Al se mantém praticamente inalterado, enquanto que o tório e o urânio decaem, mas com o passar do tempo de ozonização voltam a se concentrar, porém com um valor inferior ao inicial. O precipitado obtido após a ozonização consiste de até 85% de oxido de manganês. A fim de descartar, após a ozonização, o efluente líquido para o ambiente é necessário uma correção do pH, de modo a atender os parâmetros da legislação CONAMA, sendo utilizado 50 a 86% menos reagente (CaOH2), do que as quantidades utilizadas no processo adotado pela INB. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-10-09T14:21:34Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T14:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Durante a exploração de uma mina, vários impactos são causados no meio ambiente, entre eles a geração da drenagem ácida de minas (DAM), que consiste da exposição de minerais sulfetados ao ar, água e microorganismos do tipo ferroxidantes, apresentando reações de oxidação e formação de ácido sulfúrico solubilizando metais ali presentes contaminando o solo e as águas. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi estudar uma solução tecnológica fazendo uso da oxidação avançada com ozônio de metais pesados presentes em efluentes contaminados, em mina de urânio, com especial foco na remoção do manganês. A mina de urânio das Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil INB, em Caldas, Minas Gerais, local de aplicação deste estudo, enfrenta o problema da DAM e tem como principais contaminantes de suas águas superficiais os elementos, alumínio (Al), manganês (Mn), zinco (Zn), ferro (Fe), sulfatos (SO4+2), fluoretos (F-), metais de terras raras, alem do urânio (U) e do tório (Th). Os testes com ozônio realizados em laboratório com os efluentes da INB e in situ, mostraram uma grande eficiência para remoção do ferro, manganês e cério em até 99%. A concentração total de manganês ficou abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela resolução 430 e 357 do CONAMA. Elementos como neodímio (Nd), lantânio (La) e zinco (Zn) pouco se oxidam com O3. O Al se mantém praticamente inalterado, enquanto que o tório e o urânio decaem, mas com o passar do tempo de ozonização voltam a se concentrar, porém com um valor inferior ao inicial. O precipitado obtido após a ozonização consiste de até 85% de oxido de manganês. A fim de descartar, após a ozonização, o efluente líquido para o ambiente é necessário uma correção do pH, de modo a atender os parâmetros da legislação CONAMA, sendo utilizado 50 a 86% menos reagente (CaOH2), do que as quantidades utilizadas no processo adotado pela INB. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Encontrar soluções para a problemática dos resíduos e, em virtude da crescente demanda por energia, diminuir a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis têm constituído grandes desafios para os pesquisadores. O setor hospitalar é um potencial gerador dos chamados Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) que também apresenta um alto consumo de energia em decorrência do seu período de funcionamento e de equipamentos que necessitam de infraestrutura adequada. Apesar de representarem uma pequena parcela perante o montante dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), no Brasil, nem todos os geradores se preocupam com seu tratamento e destinação final. O emprego de tecnologias desenvolvidas para o tratamento desses resíduos com a possibilidade de recuperação energética deve ser avaliado. O Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HC-FMRP-USP) gera cerca de 1,9 ton/dia de RSS. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar a viabilidade legal, ambiental e econômico-financeira da implantação de um sistema próprio de tratamento de RSS no HCFMRP- USP para geração de energia. A metodologia foi estruturada em pesquisa exploratória, coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com responsáveis pelo setor dos RSS no hospital, com pesquisadores da área da saúde, de escolas de engenharia, órgãos técnicos e indústrias fabricantes dos equipamentos; levantamento bibliográfico e análise de conteúdo. Para a avaliação econômico-financeira, foi empregada a avaliação custoefetividade. Estudos comparativos sobre os tipos de tratamento disponíveis e utilizados nacionalmente foram considerados. Assim, o processo que melhor se adequou ao sistema proposto foi o da incineração com tecnologia de gaseificação e combustão combinadas (GCC). Os resultados demonstraram que o sistema proposto está sob a égide da lei contemplando, inclusive, a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), desde que mediante anuência do Conselho Gestor do campus da USP e de sua Comissão de Meio Ambiente, além do devido processo de licenciamento ambiental junto à CETESB e pré-análise dos RSS. Contudo, sob o aspecto ambiental há questões públicas e políticas sobre a aceitação de sua implantação no complexo hospitalar. Embora haja o emprego de avançada tecnologia, o equipamento avaliado necessita de instalação, manutenção e monitoramento adequados por profissionais capacitados para operá-los, a fim de se evitar possíveis danos às pessoas e ao meio-ambiente, para isso, os envolvidos devem agir com responsabilidade. Por fim, sob o aspecto econômico-financeiro houve um empate técnico entre os custos do tratamento realizado atualmente e os da proposta do investimento. Assim, esse último aspecto avaliado incidiu sobre o benefício implícito da decisão de se implantar ou não o processo. Portanto, considera-se a viabilidade da implantação de um sistema próprio para tratamento de RSS no HCFMRP-USP para geração de energia sob os três aspectos: legal, ambiental e econômicofinanceiro. / Finding solutions to the waste problem and reducing dependence on fossil fuels due to the growing demand for energy have become big challenges for researchers to deal with. Hospitals are large producers of Medical waste (MW) and also big energy consumers due to their long running hours and the running of equipment that demands adequate infrastructure. Despite accounting for a small share of all the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) not all producers, in Brazil, are concerned about waste treatment and its final destination. The use of technologies developed with the aim of treating such waste in order to generate energy has to be assessed. The Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP-USP) generates around 1.9 tons of waste per day. In this context, the general aim of this research program was to assess the legal, environmental and economic-financial feasibility of the implementation of a private system of biomedical waste treatment at HCFMRP-USP in order to generate energy. The method was structured in exploratory research, data gathering by means of semi-structured interviews with MW department staff at the hospital, with Health researchers, with Engineering College researchers, technical organizations and equipment manufacturers, besides bibliographic referencing and content analysis. Cost-effectiveness analysis was used for the economic-financial analysis. Comparative studies of the types of treatment available and used nationwide were taken into consideration. Thus, the process which best suited the proposed system was that of incineration by means of Gasification Combined Cycle (GCC). Results showed that the proposed system is under the support of Law and it also takes into consideration the National Policy for Solid Waste (NPSW), provided that it has the approval of the Director Council of the Administration of the campus of USP and of its Environment Committee as well as appropriate environmental licenses granted by CETESB and pre-analysis of MW. However, under the environmental aspect, there are public and political issues regarding the acceptance of this implementation in the hospital premises. Although there is the use of advanced technology, the equipment which was assessed needs to be installed, maintained and monitored adequately by professionals trained to operate it so as to avoid possible damage to humans and the environment. Staff involved must be responsible. Finally, under the economic-financial aspect there was a draw between the costs of the treatment conducted at present and those of the proposed investment. Therefore, this last aspect assessed prevailed over the implicit benefit of the decision on whether to implement the process or not. However, the feasibility of the implementation of a private MW treatment system at HC-FMRP-USP in order to generate energy is to be considered under the legal, environmental and economicfinancial aspects.

The first part of the thesis is focused on the problems related to sludge and evaluates sludge disposal from waste treatment plants. The thesis mentions factors influencing method selection of sludge disposal as well as it compares sludge disposal in the Czech Republic and in the other states of the EU. It describes a complete waste treatment line and sludge disposal in the area of sludge treatment and disposal. It deals with sludge disintegration and describes the most effective methods of disintegration. The second part of the thesis describes an experimental part of disintegration of waste treatment sludge. An experiment was conducted in the school laboratory in a way of thermal disintegration in the double-surface pressure tank. The disintegration was conducted to temperatures of 60 °C, 90 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C. We monitored dependence of the sludge dry residue content on disintegration temperature as well as content of suspended solids in liquid fraction (FUGAT). It was possible to choose optimal temperature of disintegration in accordance with processed results.

Dans ce travail, une étude est réalisée sur le développement d'une méthodologie permettant la génération et l'évaluation de nouvelles trajectoires de valorisation pour des déchets. Ainsi, pour répondre à cette problématique, trois sous problèmes ont été identifiés. Le premier concerne un cadre de modélisation permettant la représentation structurée et homogène de chaque trajectoire, ainsi que les indicateurs choisis pour l'évaluation de ces dernières, permettant une sélection ultérieure. Le deuxième se concentre sur le développement d'une méthodologie puis la réalisation d'un outil permettant la génération de nouvelles trajectoires en s'appuyant sur d'autres connues. Enfin, le dernier sous problème concerne le développement d'un second outil développé pour modéliser et estimer les trajectoires générées. La partie de création d'un cadre de modélisation cherche à concevoir des structures globales qui permettent la catégorisation des opérations unitaires sous plusieurs niveaux. Trois niveaux de décomposition ont été identifiés. La Configuration générique de plus haut niveau, qui décrit la trajectoire sous de grandes étapes de modélisation. Le second niveau, Traitement générique propose des ensembles de structures génériques de traitement qui apparaissent régulièrement dans les trajectoires de valorisation. Enfin, le plus bas niveau se focalise sur la modélisation des opérations unitaires. Un second cadre a été créé, plus conceptuel et comportant deux éléments : les blocs et les systèmes. Ces cadres sont ensuite accompagnés par un ensemble d'indicateurs choisis à cet effet. Dans une volonté d'approche de développement durable, un indicateur est sélectionné pour chacune de des composantes : économique, environnemental et social. Dans notre étude, l'impact social se limite à l'estimation du nombre d'emplois créés. Afin de calculer cet indicateur, une nouvelle approche se basant sur les résultats économiques d'une entreprise a été proposée et validée.L'outil de génération de nouvelles trajectoires s'appuie sur l'utilisation de la connaissance en utilisant un système de raisonnement à partir de cas (RàPC). Pour être adapté à notre problématique, la mise en œuvre de ce dernier a impliqué la levée de plusieurs points délicats. Tout d'abord, la structuration des données et plus largement la génération de cas sources sont réalisées par un système basé sur des réseaux sémantiques et l'utilisation de mécanismes d'inférences. Le développement d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure de similarité est réalisé en introduisant la notion de définition commune qui permet de lier les états, qui sont des descriptions de situations, à des états représentant des définitions générales d'un ensemble d'états. Ces définitions communes permettent la création d'ensembles d'états sous différents niveaux d'abstraction et de conceptualisation. Enfin, un processus de décompositions des trajectoires est réalisé afin de résoudre un problème grâce à la résolution de ses sous-problèmes associés. Cette décomposition facilite l'adaptation des trajectoires et l'estimation des résultats des transformations. Basé sur cette méthode, un outil a été développé en programmation logique, sous Prolog. La modélisation et l'évaluation des voies de valorisation se fait grâce à la création d'outil spécifique. Cet outil utilise la méta-programmation permettant la réalisation dynamique de modèle de structure. Le comportement de ces structures est régi par la définition de contraintes sur les différents flux circulants dans l'ensemble de la trajectoire. Lors de la modélisation de la trajectoire, ces contraintes sont converties par un parser permettant la réalisation d'un modèle de programmation par contraintes cohérent. Ce dernier peut ensuite être résolu grâce à des solveurs via une interface développée et intégrée au système. De même, plusieurs greffons ont été réalisés pour analyser et évaluer les trajectoires à l'aide des critères retenus. / In this work, a study is realised about the creation of a new methodology allowing the generation and the assessment of new waste recovery processes. Three elements are proposed for that. The first one is the creation of a modelling framework permitting a structured and homogeneous representation of each recovery process and the criteria used to asses them. The second one is a system and a tool generating new recovery processes from others known. Finally, the last element is another tool to model, to estimate and to asses the generated processes. The creation of a modelling framework tries to create some categories of elements allowing the structuring of unit operations under different levels of description. Three levels have been identified. In the higher level, the Generic operation which describes global structure of operations. The second one is Generic treatment which is an intermediate level between the two others. It proposes here too categories of operations but more detailed than the higher level. The last one is the Unit operation. A second framework has been created. It is more conceptual and it has two components : blocs and systems. These frameworks are used with a set of selected indicators. In a desire of integrating our work in a sustainable development approach, an indicator has been chosen for each of its components: economical, environmental and social. In our study, the social impact is limited to the number of created jobs. To estimate this indicator, we proposed a new method based on economical values of a company. The tool for the generation of new waste recovery processes used the methodology of case-based reasoning CBR which is based on the knowledge management. Some difficult points are treated here to adapt the CBR to our problem. The structuring of knowledge and generally the source case generation is realised by a system based on connections between data and the use of inference mechanisms. The development of a new method for the similarity measure is designed with the introduction of common definition concept which allows linking states, simply put description of objects, to other states under different levels of conceptualizations and abstractions. This point permits creating many levels of description. Finally, recovery process is decomposed from a main problem to some sub-problems. This decomposition is a part of the adaptation mechanism of the selected source case. The realisation of this system is under logic programming with Prolog. This last one permits the use of rules allowing inferences and the backtracking system allowing the exploration to the different possible solution. The modelling and assessment of recovery processes are done by a tool programmed in Python. It uses the meta-programming to dynamically create model of operations or systems. Constraint rules define the behaviour of these models allowing controlling the flux circulating in each one. In the evaluation step, a parser is used to convert theses rules into a homogeneous system of constraint programming. This system can be solved by the use of solvers with an interface developed for that and added to the tool. Therefore, it is possible for the user to add solvers but also to add plug-ins. This plug-ins can make the assessment of the activity allowing to have different kinds of evaluation for the same criteria. Three plug-ins are developed, one for each selected criterion. These two methods are tested to permit the evaluation of the proposed model and to check the behaviour of them and their limits . For these tests, a case-base on waste has been created Finally, for the modelling and assessment tool, a study case about the recovery process of used tyres in new raw material is done.