Na die 1994-verkiesing in Suid-Afrika het die posisie van wit, Afrikaanse mans (WAM’s) binne die gender-orde verander. Die vervlegting van WAM’s se subjektiwiteit met ’n dominante ideologie is deur die nuwe regering ongedaan gemaak. Gevolglik het veranderde diskoerse van mag en maskuliniteit al hoe meer in Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur ter sprake gekom. Hierdie verhandeling kyk na hoe WAM’s se maskuliniteit in twee literêre tekste, Kontrei deur Kleinboer (2003) en Om na ’n wit plafon te staar deur Jaco Kirsten (2009), manifesteer. Hierdie twee tekste is aan ’n stiplees onderwerp en, gebaseer op sekere teorieë van maskuliniteit, is sekere merkers van maskuliniteit belig. Beide tekste het die lewe van ’n WAM in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika as onderwerp en in beide tekste manifesteer magsverlies, onsekerheid, psigologiese gefragmenteerdheid en vervreemding op verkillende wyses in die manlike subjektiwiteit. ’n Eklektiese benadering tot maskuliniteit word in hoofstuk twee gevolg deurdat verskeie teorieë oor maskuliniteit bestudeer is. Die teoretiese perspektiewe van Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault en Judith Butler word bespreek, aangesien hulle idees aangaande maskuliniteit suksesvol en ekstensief deur ander akademici toegepas is op die analise van maskuliniteit en literatuur. Psigoanalise en maskuliniteit word bespreek met spesifieke verwysing na die simboliek van die Oedipus-kompleks en die Lacaniaanse leegte wat maskuliniteit onderlê. In samehang met psigoanalise word maskuliniteit belig deur die falliese aard van die tekste en karakters uit te wys. Foucault se teorie oor diskoerse wat mekaar onderhou en terselfdertyd ondermyn, word in die tekste belig en die fragmentering van die karakters se maskuliniteit word uitgewys. Butler se herhaaldelike “performances” van die manlike rol kom in beide tekste voor. Verder word maskuliniteit as ’n sosiale konstruksie teen die agtergrond van Marxisme en sosiologie beskou. Hoofstuk drie kyk na die konteks waarbinne WAM’s se maskuliniteit in Suid-Afrika afspeel. In hoofstuk vier en vyf word die manlike karakters in beide tekste bespreek deur na hegemoniese merkers van maskuliniteit te kyk. Die man as jagter, soldaat en boer, beoefenaar van geweld en hoë-risiko gedrag, sy gebrek aan emosionele intimiteit, sy optrede teenoor vrouens en swartes as “ander”, sy seksualiteit, patriargale en fratriargale verbintenisse en politiese ingesteldhede word as merkers van maskuliniteit bespreek. ENGLISH : After the 1994 elections in South Africa the position of white, Afrikaans men (WAM’s) changed within the gender order. The intertwinement of WAM’s subjectivity with a dominant ideology was undone by the new government. Consequently, changing discourses of power and masculinity became more present within South African literature. This dissertation looks at how WAM’s masculinity manifests in two literary texts, Kontrei by Kleinboer (2003) and Om na ’n wit plafon te staar by Jaco Kirsten (2009). These two texts were submitted to a close reading and, based on certain theories of masculinity, certain markers of masculinity were exposed. Both texts have the life of a WAM in post-apartheid South Africa as subject and in both texts the loss of power, uncertainty, psychological fragmentation and alienation manifest in different ways in the masculine subjectivity. An eclectic approach of masculinity is followed in chapter two as a variety of theories about masculinity were studied. The theoretical perspectives of Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault and Judith Butler are discussed, as their ideas have been used successfully and extensively by academics to analyze masculinity an literature. Psycho-analysis and masculinity are discussed with specific reference to the symbolism of the Oedipus complex and the Lacanian emptiness that underlies masculinity. Interconnected with psycho-analysis the phallic nature of the text and characters are exposed. Foucault’s theory about discourses that support and undermine each other simultaneously is exposed in the texts and the fragmentation of the characters’ masculinities are shown. Butler’s repetitive “performances” of the male role appears in both texts. Furthermore, masculinity is seen as social construct against a Marxist and sociological background. Chapter three looks at the context in which masculinity unfolds for WAM’s in South Africa. In chapter four and five the male characters in both texts are discussed by looking at hegemonic markers of masculinity. The man as hunter, soldier and farmer, perpetrator of violence and high risk behaviour, his lack of emotional intimacy, his behaviour towards women and blacks as “other”, his sexuality, patriarchal and fraternal connections and political predispositions are discussed as markers of masculinity. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

Invasive exotic plants can persist and successfully spread within ecosystems and negatively affect the recruitment of native species. The exotic invasive Ailanthus altissima and the native Robinia pseudoacacia are frequently found in disturbed sites and exhibit similar growth and reproductive characteristics, yet each has distinct functional roles such as allelopathy and nitrogen fixation, respectively. 1) A four-month full additive series in the greenhouse and 2) spatial point pattern analysis of trees in a silvicultural experiment were used to analyze the intraspecific and interspecific interference between these two species. In the greenhouse experiment, total biomass responses per plant for both species were significantly affected by interspecific but not by intraspecific interference (p <0.05). Competition indices such as Relative Yield Total and Relative Crowding Coefficient suggested that A. altissima was the better competitor in mixed plantings. Ailanthus altissima consistently produced a larger above ground and below ground relative yield while R. pseudoacacia generated a larger aboveground relative yield in high density mixed species pots. However, R. pseudoacacia exhibited more variation for multiple biomass traits, occasionally giving it an above ground advantage in some mixed species pots. Analysis of spatial point patterns in the field with Ripley's K indicated that the two species were positively associated with each other along highly disturbed skid trails in the majority of the field sites. Locally, increased disturbances could lead to more opportunities for A. altissima to invade, negatively interact with R. pseudoacacia (as was evident in the greenhouse study), and become established in place of native species. / Master of Science

Considering the comedies of the Restoration, and those of Congreve in particular, as the prototype of the comedy of manners and as the model for Sheridan later to revive and emulate, this thesis proposes to point out how the concepts of morality and wit have been a major obstacle to literary critics in analyzing the comedy of manners from its very beginnings, to discuss morality and wit as the basis of a proper evaluation of the comedy of manners both from the standpoint of seventeenth-century precepts and those of a century later, and, finally, to show how, during the early periods in which the comedy of manners flourished,--that of Congreve, 1693-1700; and of Sheridan, 1775-1779--morality and wit were modified and used to suit the divergent sociological and psychological conditions of each period.

<p>Oda kao umjetnička forma, lijepo i uzvi&scaron;eno, razum i ma&scaron;ta, dinamički i<br />matematički uzvi&scaron;eno, uzvi&scaron;enost forme i uzvi&scaron;enost ideje, subjektivizacija uzvi&scaron;enosti, neki<br />su od ključnih pojmova kojima se bavi ovo istraživanje. Međutim, u &scaron;irem kontekstu, ono<br />obuhvata i pojmove individualnog i op&scaron;teg, vječnog i prolaznog, konačnog i beskonačnog,<br />ljudskog i mitskog, ljudskog i božanskog, čovjeka i prirode. Sva ta pitanja, naime, prožimaju<br />se u uzvi&scaron;enim okvirima ode, koja je svojim postojanjem obilježavala najsvjetlije tačke<br />pojedinih epoha i upisivala ih u veličanstvenu hroniku ljudske istorije. Ovaj rad predstavlja<br />osvrt na tu zlatnu hroniku u kojoj će, nadamo se, i na&scaron;a epoha upisati nekoliko stihova.</p> / <p>Ode as an artistic form, beautiful and sublime, reason and imagination,<br />dynamically and mathematically sublime, the sublimity of a form and the sublimity of an<br />idea, subjectivity of the sublime, are some of the key terms of this study. However, in<br />somewhat wider context, it also includes the individual and the universal, eternal and<br />temporal, finite and infinite, human and mythical, human and divine, man and nauture. All<br />these questions are intertwined in the sublime frame of an ode, which, by its own existence,<br />has marked the brightest spots of each epoch and written them in the magnificent chronicle of<br />human history. This work represents the retrospect of that golden chronicle in which our own<br />epoch will hopefully write a few lines.</p>

A nonexperimental descriptive study was conducted to determine the interrelatedness among coping strategies, humor and burnout among nursing education faculty. The conceptual framework of this study was based on the constructs of coping strategies and humor which were conceptualized as having a direct relationship to burnout. Areview of the literature concerning coping, humor and burnout supported this proposition and emphasized the need for empirical testing. Coping Humor Scale. Wavs of Coping Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were the instruments used to measure the constructs. Academic history and demographic data sheets were also used. Hie instruments were mailed to 285 nursing faculty teaching in programs of nursing in the Dallas /Fort Worth, Texas area. The return rate for the mailing was 70.07%. Burnout among nursing education faculty showed a low degree of emotional exhaustion (54.8%), a low degree of depersonalization (84.7% and a low degree of personal accomplishment (60.7%). The findings did not reveal a high or low degree of burnout but rather a pattern of burnout suggestive of a different stage. Humor as a coping mechanism during stressful events was not frequently used. The highest proportion of nursing education faculty used distancing (46.53%) as a coping strategy. The second strategy used was planful problem solving (11.3%) with escape-avoidance used the least (3.34%). Multiple regression was used to test the research questions related to the predictor variables of coping, academic history and demographic data as they relate to each criterion variable of burnout. The use coping strategies (including humor) to predict various stages of burnout revealed only weak variable predictors. Academic history and demographic were also weak predictors for burnout.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Adriana Silva Moncinhatto.pdf: 490729 bytes, checksum: d64a0d457af72fba1284df280edf5919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-25 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research work aims to show the word as creative process in the trilogy Memórias Inventadas, work of the poet Manoel de Barros, which includes the following books: A Infância (2007), A Segunda Infância (2008), A Terceira Infância (2009). For this, we try to understand how the poet makes use of the metapoetry and wit, understood here as compositive elements that expose to the reader the do poetic in its most original and creative form. We introduce the concept of metalanguage from authors Haroldo de Campos, Samira Chalhub and João Alexandre Barbosa, establishing relations between the metalanguage and the poetic work of Manoel de Barros. If in the concept of wit, we work with Sigmund Freud s theories, about the wit as sparkly unconsciousness and André Jolles, for whom the wit can be considered a so-called "simple forms." For this search, we focus on the picture of the child be and/or little boy and the images of "things from the ground" to put in evidence the do poetic that appropriates of the organic element to turn it into, metalinguistically, material of poetry. We also observe how Manoel de Barros puts in check the common place and works with the most unusual the creation of a trans-world from the metaphorization and said of mind, revised as graces, responsible for the wit effect in the poems. Finally, we analyze the barreana s poetic construction through the perspective of the invention or reinvention, once the reader merges in a constantly recreated and highly imagery world that invites him to join their misplaced / Este trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo mostrar a palavra como processo criativo na trilogia Memórias Inventadas, obra do poeta Manoel de Barros, que compreende os seguintes livros: A Infância (2007), A Segunda Infância (2008), A Terceira Infância (2009). Para isso, buscamos compreender como o poeta faz uso da metalinguagem e do chiste, entendidos aqui como elementos compositivos que expõem o fazer poético ao leitor na sua forma mais original e criativa. Apresentamos o conceito de metalinguagem a partir dos autores Haroldo de Campos, Samira Chalhub e João Alexandre Barbosa, estabelecendo relações entre a metalinguagem e a obra poética de Manoel de Barros. Já no conceito de chiste trabalhamos com as teorias de Sigmund Freud, a respeito do chiste como inconsciência lampejada e de André Jolles, para quem o chiste pode ser considerado uma das chamadas formas simples . Para tal busca, nos detemos na figura do ser criança e/ou menino e nas imagens das coisas do chão para pôr em evidencia um fazer poético que se apropria do elemento orgânico para transformá-lo metalinguisticamente em material de poesia. Observaremos, ainda, como Manoel de Barros coloca em xeque o lugar comum e trabalha com o que há de mais inusitado a criação de um trans-mundo a partir da metaforização e dos ditos de espírito reelaborados ao modo de gracejos, responsáveis pelo efeito chistoso nos poemas. Por fim, analisaremos a construção poética barreana a partir da perspectiva da invenção ou reinvenção, uma vez que o leitor amalgama-se num mundo constantemente recriado e altamente imagético que o convida a participar de seus despropósitos

xiii, 79 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The role of humor among teachers in schools has not received much research attention. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' perceptions of the uses and effects of humor in the naturalistic setting of an elementary school. A qualitative exploratory case study was conducted. Twenty participants from one school completed a survey on uses and effects of humor, and a focus group was conducted with five of the survey participants. Results were transcribed and coded using the constant comparative coding methods, and themes were developed and compared to the scant prior research findings on the topic. Findings identified a group of teachers who used humor mostly to provide stress relief for themselves and each other and to alleviate some of the stresses associated with teaching young children. Participants also reported the use of humor in sharing stories and events that occurred in the school workplace. Findings also included consistent perceived positive effects from the use of humor in building collegial relationships, in providing rejuvenation, and in preventing burn-out. Teachers reported using humor in positive and productive ways and enjoying positive and productive results. Overall, study participants were in strong agreement in regards to uses and effects of humor in their school workplace. As this was an exploratory study, further research is needed in additional school settings to explore reliability in regards to uses and effects of humor in other schools and with other mixes of teachers. As the scant previous research has shown a correlation between positive collegial relationships and good school climate and improved student learning, it would also be beneficial to conduct additional studies on the role of humor among staff in regards to student achievement. / Adviser: Diane M. Dunlap

From 1958 to 1959, Mishima Yukio published a series of satirical essays titled Lessons in Immorality, in the magazine Weekly Morningstar. Lessons in Immorality was made into a television series, a stage play, and a film. Famous in the West for writing serious novels, Mishima's work as a humor writer is largely unknown. In these essays Mishima writes in a very comic style, making liberal use of hyperbole, burlesque, and travesty, in order to parody and satirize contemporary Japanese morality. Mishima uses humor to create a world in which Mishima Yukio, iconoclastic author and pop-culture figure, is an arbiter of his own honest and just morality that runs counter to the norms that Japanese at that time considered to be honest and just. Additionally, Mishima used Lessons in Immorality as a forum to discuss some of the serious concerns that are central to his famous novels. Because Mishima was writing for young men and women, he wrote about his complex philosophical and aesthetic ideals in a very humorous and accessible style. Thus, in addition to displaying Mishima's talent as a humor writer, these essays also give the reader fresh perspectives on Mishima's serious literature. In this paper, I will present the writing styles, rhetorical tools, and philosophical discussions from Lessons in Immorality that I believe make the series essential reading for anyone interested in Mishima or postwar Japanese literature.

Typescript. Bibliography: in v. 3.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 9, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 339-346). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.