Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-10-09T18:21:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_socorro.pdf: 967151 bytes, checksum: 3a33e81100f886b31528d2091a495bdf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T18:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_socorro.pdf: 967151 bytes, checksum: 3a33e81100f886b31528d2091a495bdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-07 / The study of domestic violence is an important theme that has been arousing interest in social and human sciences researchers. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of this subject, this research had as objective to comprehend the experience of women in domestic violence situation and the ways that these women subject this violence. It is a work that intended to put on the agenda the need of an organization with systematic services of global attention, considering the different requests regarding health, social and legal protection. The importance given to the problem is due to the increasing awareness of gender hierarchy and inequality, the recognition of women’s rights and the consistent evidences of the phenomenon’s great magnitude at a world level. The participants were women resident in the cities of Recife and Afogados da Ingazeira/PE – Sertão do Pajeú who usually seeks the services of Grupo Mulher Maravilha non-governmental organization. The instrument used to approach this phenomenon was semi-structured interviews which were performed individually. Collected data were grouped in thematic axis according to their nucleus of meanings for a better comprehension. The analyzed data shows the difficulty that women find in breaking up with the suffered violence by letting themselves to expose their situation through different reasons: the fear of their partner kills them and the possibility of their children see their father arrested; the credit given to the matrimony and family concept; the fact of they feel sorry for the partner to be an alcoholic or for he is unemployed ; and because they cannot find effective help from the organizations of woman’s defense. It is valuable to emphasize that this data corroborates with the idea that the roots of domestic violence against women are founded in a society that is based in a patriarchal system, fruit from the disparity between men and women of different races and social and cultural positions. Therefore, violence is observed as a complex matter as well as the politic solutions for its prevention and eradication and so requiring a wide comprehension of the problem. In the other hand, this research shows the importance of the clinic psychology in the break process of domestic violence contributing for a rescue of women’s self-esteem and autonomy in their attempt to interrupt the violence cycle and the matrimonial and domestic pacts which to they are submitted. / O estudo da violência doméstica é um tema de suma importância que vem despertando interesse por parte de pesquisadores das ciências humanas e sociais. Com o intuito de contribuir para o aprofundamento desta temática, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a experiência de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica e os modos como estas mulheres subjetivam esta violência. Trata-se de um trabalho que pretendeu colocar em pauta a necessidade de uma organização de serviços voltados a esta população, assentados na atenção global, considerando as diferentes demandas pertinentes à saúde, proteção social e jurídica. A importância dada ao problema é fruto da crescente conscientização acerca das desigualdades de gênero, do paulatino reconhecimento dos direitos da mulher e das consistentes evidências da grande magnitude do fenômeno em escala mundial. As participantes desta pesquisa foram mulheres que estão em situação de violência doméstica residentes na cidade do Recife/PE e em Afogados da Ingazeira/PE – Sertão do Pajeú que procuram os serviços do Grupo Mulher Maravilha – organização não-governamental. O instrumento utilizado para nos aproximarmos do fenômeno foram entrevistas semidirigidas, realizadas individualmente. Os dados coletados foram agrupados em eixos temáticos para, a partir daí, compreendê-los segundo seus núcleos de sentido. Os dados analisados mostram a dificuldade que as mulheres encontram em romperem com a violência sofrida, deixando expor o seu aprisionamento por diferentes motivos: o medo de o companheiro matá-la; o receio de que os filhos venham sofrer com a possibilidade de verem o pai preso; o valor creditado ao casamento e a família; sentem pena do companheiro por ser um alcoolista ou por está desempregado; e por não encontrarem ajuda efetiva dos órgãos de defesa da mulher. Vale ressaltar que esses dados corroboram que as raízes da violência doméstica contra a mulher estão fundadas em uma sociedade que se constituiu baseada em um sistema patriarcal, fruto da desigualdade entre homens e mulheres de diferentes raças, etnias, classe social e cultural. Portanto, observa-se a violência como uma questão complexa, bem como as soluções políticas para a sua prevenção e erradicação, requerendo uma compreensão ampla do problema. Por outro lado, a pesquisa mostra a importância da psicologia clínica no processo de ruptura da violência doméstica, contribuindo para um resgate da auto-estima e da autonomia das mulheres, na tentativa de elas romperem o ciclo da violência e os pactos conjugais e domésticos a que estão submetidas.

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My thesis explores why beauty became so much more important in nineteenth-century Britain, especially for marriageable young women in the upper and middle class. My argument addresses the consequences of that change in the status of beauty for plain or ugly women, how this social shift is reflected in the novel, and how authors respond to the issue of plainer women and issues of their marriageability. I look at how these authorial attitudes shifted over the century, observing that the issue of plain women and their marriageability was dramatized by nineteenth-century authors, whose efforts to heighten the audience's awareness of the plight of plainer women can be traced by contrasting novels written early in the century with novels written mid-century. I argue that beauty gained more significance for young women in nineteenth-century England because the marriage ideal shifted, a shift which especially influenced the upper and middle class. The eighteenth century brought into marriage concepts such as Rousseau's "wife-farm principle" the idea that a man chooses a significantly younger child-bride, mentoring and molding her into the woman he needs. But by the end of the century the ideal of marriage moved to the companionate ideal, which opted for an equal partnership. That ideal was based on the conception that marriage was based on personal happiness hence should be founded on compatibility and love. The companionate ideal became more influential as individuality reigned among the Romantics. The new ideal of companionate marriage limited parents' influence on their children's choice of spouse to the extent that the choice lay now largely with young men. Yet that choice was constrained because young men and women were restricted by social conventions, their social interaction limited. Thus, according to my reading of nineteenth-century authors, the companionate ideal was a charade, as young men were not able to get to know women well enough to determine whether or not they were compatible. So instead of getting to know a young woman's character and her personality, they distinguished potential brides mainly on the basis of appearance.

Cette recherche se propose de faire une analyse de la dissolution du lien matrimonial spécifique aux épouses musulmanes, le divorce désamour ou ẖul‘. Cette faculté de divorcer élaborée par la casuistique doctrinale islamique sunnite ou fiqh sera reprise par le Code algérien de la famille promulgué en 1984. Le mode de divorce imparti exclusivement aux femmes fera l’objet de critiques sur le plan théologique et sur le plan juridique. Dans la théologie du droit dans la tradition islamique, il s’agira d’interroger les fondements religieux du divorce désamour à travers les sources fondamentales du Qor’ān et de la Sunna en relation avec le fiqh. En reflet, l’examen de la positivisation de la norme islamique dans le Code algérien de la famille conduira à porter un regard sur l’articulation entre ce référent religieux d’origine scolastique et les normes juridiques de production étatique et d’inspiration positiviste caractéristique du Droit algérien, lequel se comprend comme un phénomène juridique spécifique circonscrit aux frontières du pays. L’intérêt porté à cette conjonction internormative, dénommée pour les fins de la présente étude comme une normativité axio-juridique, conduit à rendre compte de son effectivité et donc de son application par les personnes concernées par le divorce désamour qui se trouvent à l’extérieur d’un pays à majorité islamique. L’étude envisagée poursuit deux objectifs : l’un épistémologique et l’autre ethnographique. L’objectif épistémologique cherche à comprendre dans une visée heuristique l’intérêt d’un cadre théorique féministe, mais aussi islamique et décoloniale, concomitamment critique de l’interprétation par le fiqh de ce type de désunion, et du Droit algérien forgé dans un cadre colonial positif et dans des emprunts locaux (coutume, usages et fiqh sunnite de l’École malékite), pour l’étude de cette pratique spécifique en islam. Quant à l’objectif ethnographique, il tend à travers une recherche empirique à saisir la subjectivisation du rapport à la transcendance. L’analyse porte sur les actions d’un groupe de femmes musulmanes, croyantes et pratiquantes, d’ascendance algériennes exilées, au cours de la décennie 2000-2010 à Montréal. Des femmes qui ont pris la décision unilatérale d’introduire une procédure de divorce à Montréal plutôt qu’en Algérie. Par ce fait, leur démarche se trouve au croisement de normes juridiques (Code civil du Québec et Loi sur le divorce) sans égard à la normativité axio-juridique algérienne (Code algérien de la famille) qui régit, habituellement, le divorce des Musulman.e.s. La réflexion inspirée par ces objectifs formulés dans un contexte d’individualisation du croire et de la pratique, a conduit en premier, à la conclusion d’une inégalité juridique intrinsèque à la normativité axio-juridique inscrite dans le Code algérien de la famille et à sa conceptualisation. Et consécutivement, la lecture personnelle du Qor’ān indépendante de celle du fiqh sunnite, a induit une seconde conclusion : l’absence d’un fondement qor’āni du divorce désamour. L’introduction initiale du ẖul‘ dans le corpus religieux et subséquemment dans la législation algérienne contemporaine peut se comprendre comme l’expression d’un déni aux femmes, contrairement aux hommes, du droit de se défaire des liens matrimoniaux. Finalement, cette recherche a mis en lumière l’agencéité d’un groupe de femmes, musulmanes, croyantes et pratiquantes, d’ascendance algérienne, exilées à Montréal et qui ont fait le triple choix : initier le divorce, le faire selon les lois de la société d’arrivée et le faire en dehors des balises juridiques du fiqh sunni relatif au ẖul’. / This research analyses the dissolution of the matrimonial bond that is specific to Muslim spouses: the divorce out of love or ẖul ‘. This faculty of divorce posed by the Sunni Islamic doctrinal casuistry of fiqh and taken up by the Algerian Family Code. This notion will be criticized both theologically and legally. Theologically and with respect to traditional Islamic law, we will be questioning the religious foundations of disenchanted divorce through the fundamental sources of the Qor’ān and Sunna in relation to fiqh. In reflection, the examination of the positivisation of the Islamic norm in the Algerian Family Code will lead us to look at: the articulation between this religious referent of scholastic origin and the legal norms of state production of positivist inspiration; both characteristic of the Algerian Law and to be understood as a specific legal phenomenon circumscribed to the borders of the Algerian state. The interest in this internormative conjunction is denominated for the purposes of this study as an axio-legal normativity and will lead to an account of its effectiveness. Therefore, we focus on its application to those affected by the disenchanted divorce who are living outside of a predominantly Muslim country. This proposed study has two objectives: one that is epistemological and the other that would be ethnographic. Therein, the epistemological objective seeks to understand in a heuristic perspective the interest of a feminist theoretical framework, but also one that is inherently Islamic and decolonial. Concomitantly, we seek a critical interpretation of the fiqh that affects this type of disunity, the Algerian law forged in a colonial positive framework, and local borrowings (customs, uses and Sunni (Malekite) fiqh) for the study of this specific practice in Islam. As for the ethnographic objective, it tends, through empirical research, to grasp the subjectivization of the relationship to transcend the ancestry of Algerian Muslim wives who immigrated with their husbands, settled in Montreal, made the unilateral decision to divorce, and who by this fact, utilize a disparity in the repertoire of aligned strategic actions. The reflection inspired by these objectives, formulated in a context of individualization of beliefs and practices, led to the proposition of a conceptualization of the legal inequalities intrinsic to the axio-legal normativity inscribed in the Algerian family code. The reflection inspired by these objectives formulated in a contexte of individualization of belief, led first to the conclusion of a legal inequality intrinsic to the axio-legal normativity inscribed in the Family Algerian code and to its conceptualization. And consecutively the personal reading of Qor’ān, independent of the Sunni fiqh induced a second conclusion: the lack of a qor’ani basis of divorce. The initial introduction of ẖul‘ into the religious corpus and subsequently into contemporary legislation can be understood as the expression of a deny to women, unlike men, of the right to unilaterally break off marital ties. Finally, this research sheds light on the agency of a group of muslim, practicing and believing women of Algerian descent and exiled in Montreal, who have made the triple choice: to initiate the divorce, to do it according to laws of the society of happened and to do so outside the legal guidelines of the Sunni fiqh relating to ẖul’.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this research journey was twofold: (1) to investigate the ways in which the lives of women married to clergymen have been influenced by their position in the Dutch Reformed Church and (2) to collaboratively present ways of caring and supporting these women living within this reality. Discourse analysis explored the taken-for-granted truths and power relationships that inform these women's daily lives. Fifteen women embarked on this feminist narrative participatory action research journey, not only to tell their stories but also to negotiate for change in current practices as well as their own contexts. This research journey challenges the institutional structure of the Church through narratives of hope, survival and pain, as storied in a book (Lamentations and Butterflies, 2003), that were collaboratively constructed by the women living these realities. This book and research journey offers a deeper understanding of the experience of being a clergyman's wife in the Dutch Reformed Church. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

This thesis studies the role accounting plays in the monitoring and reporting of soil quality in one sector of the agricultural industry, broadacre farming. A survey was conducted with broadacre farmers in the Loddon Catchment, Victoria, Australia. The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness accounting plays in providing information to decision makers relative to the productive capacity in soil quality and not just on profits. The capital asset in this study was defined as soil quality. Soils and soil quality in particular, are major elements in determining land value. The concern is decisions are being made by potential buyers and other decision makers, particularly policy makers, with regards to soil quality on the basis of incomplete and often misleading information. It is proposed that a major reason is due to the fact that different participants in the agricultural and accounting industries require and use different information. The accounting systems used by farmers are those that have been developed for the manufacturing sector which may not be appropriate for managing long-term, complex resources such as soil. The farmers themselves did not find formal accounting reports useful for decision making because these reports are based on uniform standards and market prices. The topic of soil quality and land degradation is viewed from two perspectives. In one perspective, the proprietary view; the accounting emphasis is on the ownership of assets and the change, both in income and capital, in these assets over time. In this case the accounting equation is seen as assets - liabilities = equities. The proprietor takes all the risk. A more recent perspective in accounting, the entity view, emphasises the assets whether financed from equity or debt and where the accounting equation is seen as assets = equities. The emphasis changes to the income flow from these assets and more interest is shown in current market prices as a reflection of the future value of these assets Profit is not necessarily a good indicator of what farmers are doing for their capital asset. There needs to be greater emphasis on costs undertaken for the conservation of soil. Those costs should be considered an investment and put into the balance sheet and not the profit and loss statement. The major finding of study demonstrates that decision making groups have different