Problemställningen i detta arbete är fokuserad på tal och text som presentationsform för verbal information. Problemområdet kopplas också till ett modernt, informationsteknologiskt sammanhang för att utröna presentationsformernas möjligheter och begränsningar inom WAP-tekniken. Arbetsminnets/korttidsminnets struktur och begränsningar påverkar effektiviteten av de presentationsformer som förmedlar verbal information. Flera teorier talar för att arbetsminnet är uppdelat i en auditiv och en visuell minnesprocess. En av hypoteserna i detta arbete går ut på att en kombination av tal och text som presentationsform skulle vara mer effektiv än enbart text eller enbart tal. En undersökning utfördes för att pröva hypotesen. Slutsatsen är att hypotesen saknar empiriskt stöd av detta arbete. Däremot framkom visst empiriskt stöd för den oriktade hypotesen att det blir en skillnad i effektivitet i jämförelsen mellan olika presentationsformer för att presentera verbal information.

In the first part mainly the basic information about the types of mobile advertising are mentioned. Important topics such as business models and comparison with other advertising media are giving a conclusion for the theoretical part, which together with case studies from czech and foreign markets gives a solution to the effectiveness of mobile marketing.

Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur "Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme" der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz. Workshop-Thema: Mobilitaet Dieser Vortrag vermittelt eine Uebersicht zu den derzeit verwendeten Technologien, um Inhalte auf mobilen Endgeraeten darzustellen. Speziell geht es dabei um vergleichende Betrachtungen zwischen WAP (WML) und i-Mode (cHTML). Ferner werden potentielle Entwicklungsmoeglichkeiten unter dem Einfluss von XHTML Basic, XML und XSL aufgezeigt.

WAP son las siglas que se utilizan para designar el protocolo de las aplicaciones sin cable (Wíreless Application Protocol), es el estándar de la informática sin cable que dirige un grupo de distribuidores llamado WAP Forum. WAP es a los dispositivos sin cable lo mismo que HTTP a los exploradores WEB. Les permite convertirse en clientes en el mundo cliente / servidor de Internet. WAP no sólo es un protocolo, sino también un mecanismo para el transporte de datos. En muchos aspectos se parece al protocolo HTTP (El que utiliza el transporte de datos a través de la WEB) y se ha construido sobre una serie de estándares, como IP, URL y XML. Pero WAP se ha diseñado para el mundo creciente de los dispositivos sin cable y su finalidad es adaptarse a las limitaciones propias de este tipo de informática. / Tesis

The Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CGB) is an academic department at Karolinska Institute. Generally stated, the CGB department is committed to the generation and management of genetic information by approaches aiming at elucidating the connection between genes, protein and function. WiGID is a genome information database that is available through WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). Our version of WiGID is based on WML, PHP and PostgreSQL as a database server. One of the changes on the old WiGID application was the creation of a relational database with seven tables and one view, instead of the file that represented the database on the old version. We also changed the script language from python to PHP. The search engine ability has been extended with three new search alternatives for a user to choose from. Each choice leads to other, sometimes multiple choices. A GUI has been created for the administrator, to be able to insert information into the database. The structure of the search engine is primarily for narrowing down the search result on the phone display, thereby making the search efficient. / Wireless Genome Information Database (WiGID), är en genome information databas och är tillgänglig genom WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). WiGID har vidareutvecklats med WML och PHP som skript språk istället för WML och Python. Några exempel på den ny utvecklade WiGID är navigationsmöjligheterna och applikationens bakomliggande struktur. Modelleringen av relationsbaserade databasen har gett ökad flexibilitet till applikationen. Den är inte längre statisk och svårhanterlig. Hanteringen av databasen har lösts genom inmatnings skriptet. Inmatnings skriptet hanterar information från en fil som den läser ifrån och lägger informationen i respektive tabell. Sökmöjligheterna har ökats genom användning av SQL (Structured Query Language). Navigationsmöjligheterna i sökmotorn utökades till sex valmöjligheter istället för tre enligt den äldre versionen. Varje länk går vidare till nya alternativ för att förfina själva sökningen. Sökningen har effektiviserats och valmöjligheterna.

Marketing and advertisement activities are transforming as new digital media streams emerge. It is believed that the first major digital transition took place when broadcast media such as television and cinema, also called first screen, to the PC Internet, referred to as the second screen, entered the media industry. The last couple of years saw an expanding transition into the third screen, which is the mobile handset, commonly known as cellphones in South Africa. The rapid explosion of mobile phones and other mobile devices has created a new marketing channel. The use of Short Messaging Service, Multimedia Message Service, Graphic WAP Banners, and Video Clips to communicate with customers through their mobile devices / cellphones has gained popularity, making the mobile phone the ultimate medium for one–to–one or one–to–many marketing. And the more mobile handsets penetrate the mass market, the greater are the opportunities for advertising experiences. This exploratory study investigates the impact / effectiveness of mobile advertising to consumers in the short–term insurance industry. The study briefly focuses on whether marketers are reaping the benefits of using this medium to communicate and market their products and services to the identified target market. The findings indicate that mobile advertising has an impact on consumers in the short–term insurance industry. It was also envisaged that where mobile advertising seems to have no effect, the root of the problem lies in the mass marketing approach. Customers are looking for full customisation of mobile marketing messages, based on their individual requirements, tastes, preferences, location, time, and it should also add value to consumers. For maximum impact, it is also recommended that marketers should build measurements, targeting and optimisation into their campaign processes. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Marketing and advertisement activities are transforming as new digital media streams emerge. It is believed that the first major digital transition took place when broadcast media such as television and cinema, also called first screen, to the PC Internet, referred to as the second screen, entered the media industry. The last couple of years saw an expanding transition into the third screen, which is the mobile handset, commonly known as cellphones in South Africa. The rapid explosion of mobile phones and other mobile devices has created a new marketing channel. The use of Short Messaging Service, Multimedia Message Service, Graphic WAP Banners, and Video Clips to communicate with customers through their mobile devices / cellphones has gained popularity, making the mobile phone the ultimate medium for one–to–one or one–to–many marketing. And the more mobile handsets penetrate the mass market, the greater are the opportunities for advertising experiences. This exploratory study investigates the impact / effectiveness of mobile advertising to consumers in the short–term insurance industry. The study briefly focuses on whether marketers are reaping the benefits of using this medium to communicate and market their products and services to the identified target market. The findings indicate that mobile advertising has an impact on consumers in the short–term insurance industry. It was also envisaged that where mobile advertising seems to have no effect, the root of the problem lies in the mass marketing approach. Customers are looking for full customisation of mobile marketing messages, based on their individual requirements, tastes, preferences, location, time, and it should also add value to consumers. For maximum impact, it is also recommended that marketers should build measurements, targeting and optimisation into their campaign processes. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Dos peixes peçonhentos encontrados no Brasil os bagres destacam-se pelo número de acidentes provocados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os componentes tóxicos presentes na peçonha e no muco. Obtivemos uma média protéica de 3,1 mg/mL (peçonha) e 1,4 mg/mL (muco). O perfil eletroforético da peçonha e do muco possui poucas bandas protéicas. O fracionamento isolou 11 frações para peçonha e 13 frações para o muco. Com relação às atividades biológicas avaliadas, as frações peptídicas induziram danos teciduais ao passo que as frações protéicas induziram processo inflamatório. Isolamos duas frações com atividade antimicrobiana para cada secreção. Isolamos uma toxina de 65,1 kDa que apresenta homologia com Wap65 e análise por microscopia intravital revelou que esta proteína causa aumento dos leucócitos rolantes assim como a presença de leucócitos aderidos ao endotélio. Nossos resultados indicam uma diferença entre os componentes protéicos e peptídicos do muco e da peçonha. Finalmente, conseguimos isolar e caracterizar a proteína Wap65 da peçonha deste peixe. / Of the venomous fish found in Brazil, catfish noteworthy for the number of accidents they cause. The objective of this study was to characterize the toxic compounds present in the venom and mucus. We obtained an average protein intake of 3,1 mg / mL (venom) and 1,4 mg / mL (mucus). The electrophoretic profile of venom and mucus has a few protein bands. Fractionation isolated 11 fractions to the venom and 13 fractions to the mucus. With respect to biological activities evaluated, the peptide fractions induced tissue damage while the protein fractions induced inflammation. We isolated two fractions with antimicrobial activity for each sample. We isolated a toxin of 65,1 kDa which shows homology with Wap65 and intravital microscopy analysis revealed that this protein causes an increase in leukocyte rolling as well as the presence of leukocytes adhered to the endothelium. Our results indicate a difference between the peptide and protein components of mucus and venom. Finally, we isolate and characterize the protein Wap65 from the venom of this fish.

Dos peixes peçonhentos encontrados no Brasil os bagres destacam-se pelo número de acidentes provocados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os componentes tóxicos presentes na peçonha e no muco. Obtivemos uma média protéica de 3,1 mg/mL (peçonha) e 1,4 mg/mL (muco). O perfil eletroforético da peçonha e do muco possui poucas bandas protéicas. O fracionamento isolou 11 frações para peçonha e 13 frações para o muco. Com relação às atividades biológicas avaliadas, as frações peptídicas induziram danos teciduais ao passo que as frações protéicas induziram processo inflamatório. Isolamos duas frações com atividade antimicrobiana para cada secreção. Isolamos uma toxina de 65,1 kDa que apresenta homologia com Wap65 e análise por microscopia intravital revelou que esta proteína causa aumento dos leucócitos rolantes assim como a presença de leucócitos aderidos ao endotélio. Nossos resultados indicam uma diferença entre os componentes protéicos e peptídicos do muco e da peçonha. Finalmente, conseguimos isolar e caracterizar a proteína Wap65 da peçonha deste peixe. / Of the venomous fish found in Brazil, catfish noteworthy for the number of accidents they cause. The objective of this study was to characterize the toxic compounds present in the venom and mucus. We obtained an average protein intake of 3,1 mg / mL (venom) and 1,4 mg / mL (mucus). The electrophoretic profile of venom and mucus has a few protein bands. Fractionation isolated 11 fractions to the venom and 13 fractions to the mucus. With respect to biological activities evaluated, the peptide fractions induced tissue damage while the protein fractions induced inflammation. We isolated two fractions with antimicrobial activity for each sample. We isolated a toxin of 65,1 kDa which shows homology with Wap65 and intravital microscopy analysis revealed that this protein causes an increase in leukocyte rolling as well as the presence of leukocytes adhered to the endothelium. Our results indicate a difference between the peptide and protein components of mucus and venom. Finally, we isolate and characterize the protein Wap65 from the venom of this fish.

La présente étude visait à identifier, en explorant la fraction protéique des laits de camélidés provenant de plusieurs régions du Kazakhstan, des molécules originales (peptides, protéines) potentiellement responsables des propriétés attribuées au lait de chamelle. Près de 180 échantillons de lait de 2 espèces de camélidés (Camelus bactrianus, C. dromedarius et leurs hybrides) ont été collectés à différents stades de lactation, âge et nombre de vêlages, et soumis à différentes techniques analytiques et approches protéomiques (SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS et LC-ESI-MS). Cinquante molécules protéiques correspondant à des variants génétiques, des isoformes issues de modifications post-traductionnelles et d'épissages différentiels, appartenant à 9 familles de protéines (κ-, αs1-, αs2-, β- et γ-CN, WAP, α-LAC, PGRP, CSA / LPO) ont été caractérisées. L’existence de deux isoformes inconnues (i1 et i2) de la caséine αs2 a été observée dans les deux esèces. Ces isoformes sont des variants d'épissage consécutif pour l’un à l’intégration d'une séquence de 27 nucléotides « in frame », codant pour le nonapeptide ENSKKTVDM, dont la présence a été confirmée au niveau génomique, flanquée de motifs canoniques définissant une structure exonique. La seconde isoforme, présente à différents niveaux de phosphorylation compris entre 8P et 12P, comporte un décapeptide supplémentaire (VKAYQIIPNL), révélé par LC-MS/MS, codé par une extension 3 'de l'exon 16. En outre, nous rapportons, pour la première fois à notre connaissance, l’existence d'une isoforme de phosphorylation de la caséine αs2 présentant au moins un résidu S/T phosphorylé n’appartenant pas à la séquence canonique habituelle (S/T-X-A) reconnue par la kinase mammaire, suggérant ainsi l'existence de deux systèmes impliqués dans la phosphorylation des caséines, dans la glande mammaire.S’agissant de la WAP, nous avons identifié chez C. bactrianus un nouveau variant génétique (B), issue d'une transition G => A conduisant à un changement de codon (GTG/ATG) dans la séquence nucléotidique de l’ARNm, qui entraine un changement d’acide aminé en position 12 de la protéine mature (V12M). Un variant résultant de l’usage du site d'épissage canonique, reconnu comme tel chez les autres mammifères exprimant la WAP dans leur lait, a été identifié. La forme majoritaire de la WAP cameline, décrite pour la première fois par Beg et al. (1986) qui présente une insertion de 4 résidus d'acides aminés (56VSSP59) dans le segment peptidique reliant les deux domaines 4-DSC, résulte de l'utilisation d'un site d'épissage cryptique intronique improbable, prolongeant l'exon 3 du gène de 12 nucléotides sur son extrémité 5 '. De plus, nous confirmons que chez les camélidés, l'intron 3 du gène spécifiant la WAP, est un intron rare de type GC-AG, avec un site donneur faible qui s’accompagne d’un effet compensatoire au site consensus de l'exon accepteur.Finalement, en utilisant un protocole optimisé, nous avons isolé les vésicules extracellulaires (VE) dérivés du lait de camélidés présentant les caractéristiques morphologiques, de taille et de contenu en protéines des exosomes. Nous avons identifié un millier de protéines différentes représentant le premier protéome des VE dérivés du lait de chamelle qui semble plus étendu que le protéome du lait de chamelle, incluant notamment les marqueurs associés aux VEs, tels CD63, CD81, HSP70, HSP90, TSG101 et ADAM10. Nous avons également identifié des protéines présentes dans d'autres compartiments du lait. C'est notamment le cas pour les protéines apparentées à Ras, MFG-E8, ou CD9 qui sont également présentes dans les globules gras du lait. Nos résultats suggèrent par ailleurs fortement que les VEs dérivés du lait de chamelle ont des origines cellulaires différentes. / The present study aimed to identify, in exploring the protein fraction of camelid milks from several regions of Kazakhstan, original molecules (peptide, proteins) potentially responsible for the properties attributed to camel milk. Nearly 180 milk samples from two camel species (Camelus bactrianus and C. dromedarius, and their hybrids) we collected at different lactation stage, age and calving number, and submitted to different proven analytical techniques and proteomic approaches (SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS). A detailed characterization of 50 protein molecules, relating to genetic variants, isoforms arising from post-translational modifications and alternative splicing events, belonging to 9 protein families (κ-, αs1-, αs2-, β-; and γ-CN, WAP, α-LAC, PGRP, CSA/LPO) was achieved. We reported the occurrence of two unknown isoforms (i1 and i2) of camel αs2-CN arising from alternative splicing events. Using cDNA-sequencing, i1 was characterized as a splicing-in variant of an in-frame 27-nucleotide sequence, of which the presence at the genome level, flanked by canonic motifs defining an exon 13 encoding the nonapeptide ENSKKTVDM, was confirmed. Isoform i2, which appeared to be present at different phosphorylation levels ranging between 8P and 12P, was shown to include an additional decapeptide (VKAYQIIPNL), revealed by LC-MS/MS, encoded by a 3’-extension of exon 16. In addition, we reported, for the first time to our knowledge, the occurrence of a αs2-CN phosphorylation isoform with at least one phosphorylated S/T residue that does not match with the usual canonic sequence (S/T-X-A) recognized by the mammary kinase, suggesting thereby the existence of two kinase systems involved in the phosphorylation of caseins in the mammary gland.As far as camel WAP is concerned, we identified in C. bactrianus a new genetic variant (B), originating from a transition G => A, leading to a codon change (GTG/ATG) in the nucleotide sequence of cDNA, which modifies a single amino acid residue at position 12 of the mature protein (V12M). In addition, we describe the existence of a splicing variant of camel WAP, arising from an alternative usage of the canonical splice site recognized as such in the other mammalian species expressing WAP in their milk. We also report that the WAP isoform predominantly present in camelids milk, first described by Beg et al. (1986) as displaying an additional sequence of 4 amino acid residues (56VSSP59) in the peptide segment connecting the two 4-DSC domains, results from the usage of an unlikely intron cryptic splice site, extending camel exon 3 on its 5’ side by 12-nucleotides. In addition, we confirm that in the camel gene encoding WAP, intron 3 is a GC-AG intron, with a GC donor site showing a compensatory effect in terms of a dramatic increase in consensus at the acceptor exon position.Finally, using an optimized protocol, we isolated camel milk-derived EVs satisfiying the typical requirements for exosomal morphology, size and protein content. We identified a thousand of different proteins representing the first comprehensive proteome of camel milk-derived EVs that appears wider than camel milk proteome, including markers associated with small extracellular vesicles, such as CD63, CD81, HSP70, HSP90, TSG101 and ADAM10. We also identified proteins present in other milk components. This is particularly the case for lactadherin/MFG-E8, Ras-related proteins or CD9 that have been reported to occur in MFG. Our results strongly suggest that milk-derived exosomes have different cellular origin.