<p>The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of driver, vehicle, and environment characteristics on Collision Warning System (CWS) design. One hypothesis was made that the capability of collision avoidance would not be same among a driver, vehicle, and environment group with different characteristics. Accident analysis and quantitative analysis was used to examine this hypothesis in terms of ‘risk’ and ‘safety margin’ respectively. Rear-end collision had a stronger focus in the present study. </p><p>As a result of accident analysis, heavy truck showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents than car and light truck. Also, dry road surface compared to wet or snow, dark condition compared to daylight condition, straight road compared to curved road, level road compared to grade, crest or sag, roadway having more than 5 travel lanes compared to roadway having 2, 3 or 4 travel lanes showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents. Relative rear-end accidents involvement proportion compared to the other types of collision was used as a measure of susceptibility. </p><p>As a result of quantitative analysis, a significant difference in terms of Required Minimum Warning Distance (RMWD) was made among a different vehicle type and braking system group. However, relatively small difference was made among a different age, gender group in terms of RMWD. Based on the result, breaking performance of vehicle should be regarded as an input variable in the design of CWS, specifically warning timing criteria, was concluded.</p>

Bakgrund: Inom akutsjukvård är bedömning av patientens vitalparametrar, det vill säga andningsfrekvens, saturation, puls, blodtryck, kroppstemperatur och medvetandegrad, sjuksköterskans ansvar och därmed en viktig arbetsuppgift. Tidig identifiering av försämring i patientens tillstånd, har i tidigare studier visat sig bidra till både minskad morbiditet och mortalitet. Därmed är sjuksköterskors evidensbaserade och säkra bedömningar av största vikt för patientens säkerhet och välmående. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till upprätthållen patientsäkerhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utforska och beskriva sjuksköterskors följsamhet till Early Warning Score (EWS) och de faktorer som påverkar följsamheten inom akutsjukvård. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en integrativ litteraturstudie. Resultatet baseras på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats i enlighet med Whittemore och Knafls arbetsprocess. Resultat: Analysen av artiklarna resulterade i tre teman och åtta subteman om följsamheten till Early Warning Score och de faktorer som påverkade följsamheten. Sjuksköterskors följsamhet till Early Warning Score visade sig påverkas av användbarhet, teamarbete och patienten bakom instrumentet. Inom dessa teman presenterades; erfarenhet, medvetenhet, prioritering, kommunikation, bristande läkarrespons, individanpassade parametrar och EWS i förhållande till kliniskt omdöme. Slutsats: Studien visade att det finns flera olika faktorer som påverkade följsamheten till Early Warning Score. Sjuksköterskor använder inte alltid instrumentet trots att det visade sig vara en viktig del i identifiering av försämrade patienter och likaså för patientsäkerheten. Studien gav inga säkra förklaringar till detta men belyste flera faktorer som påverkade följsamheten, vilket innebär att fenomenet är i behov av att ytterligare studeras. / Bakgrund: I akutsjukvården är bedömning av patientens vitala parametrar, såsom andningsfrekvens, mättnad, hjärtfrekvens, blodtryck, kroppstemperatur och medvetandenivå, sjuksköterskans ansvar och därmed en viktig uppgift. Tidig identifiering av försämring av patientens tillstånd har i tidigare studier visat sig bidra till både minskad sjuklighet och mortalitet. Sjuksköterskornas evidensbaserade och tillförlitliga bedömningar är därför av yttersta vikt för patientens säkerhet och välbefinnande. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till en bibehållen patientsäkerhet. Sikta: Denna studie syftar till att utforska och beskriva sjuksköterskors efterlevnad av Early Warning Score (EWS) och de faktorer som påverkar efterlevnaden i akutvården. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en integrativ litteraturstudie. Resultaten baseras på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserade i enlighet med Whittemores och Knafls arbetsprocess. Resultat: Analysen av artiklarna resulterade i tre teman och åtta delteman när det gäller efterlevnaden av poängen för tidig varning och faktorer som påverkade efterlevnaden. Sjuksköterskors bedömning av vitala parametrar visade sig påverkas av eller påverka EWS användbarhet, lagarbete och patienten bakom instrumentet. Bland dessa teman var; erfarenhet, medvetenhet, prioritering, kommunikation, brist på läkarrespons, individualiserade parametrar och EWS i förhållande till klinisk åsikt. Slutsats: Studien visade att det finns flera olika faktorer som påverkat efterlevnaden av Early Warning Score. Sjuksköterskorna använder inte alltid instrumentet, även om det visade sig vara en viktig del i att identifiera patienter med nedsatt sättning och även för patientsäkerheten. Studien gav inga definitiva förklaringar till detta, men lyfte fram flera faktorer som påverkat efterlevnaden, vilket innebär att fenomenet är i behov av ytterligare studier.

No description available.

This thesis develops an early warning system framework for assessing systemic risks and for predicting systemic events, i.e. periods of extreme financial instability with potential real costs, over the short horizon of six quarters and the long horizon of twelve quarters on the panel of 14 countries both advanced and developing. Firstly, Financial Stress Index is built aggregating indicators from equity, foreign exchange, security and money markets in order to identify starting dates of systemic financial crises for each country in the panel. Secondly, the selection of early warning indicators for assessment and prediction of systemic risks is undertaken in a two- step approach; relevant prediction horizons for each indicator are found by means of a univariate logit model followed by the application of Bayesian model averaging method to identify the most useful indicators. Next, logit models containing useful indicators only are estimated on the panel while their in-sample and out-of-sample performance is assessed by a variety of measures. Finally, having applied the constructed EWS for both horizons to the Czech Republic it was found that even though models for both horizons perform very well in-sample, i.e. both predict 100% of crises, only the long model attains the maximum utility of 0,5 as...

<p>This dissertation explores the potential contributions of the mechanisms for early warning and intelligence sharing to regional security in Africa. The Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) and the Committee on Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA) are centrally concerned with the dissemination of information to enable decision-making on continental security. The main focus of the dissertation is on the manner in which the information generated by the CEWS and CISSA can contribute to regional security. In order to analyse the potential contribution of the CEWS and CISSA to regional security, a sound theoretical framework is proposed so as to explore how and why states choose to cooperate, as well as addressing multifaceted cooperation and integration at inter-state, government department and nonstate levels. Constructivist interpretations of international cooperation are utilised to explore the role of ideas, meanings and understandings in shaping behaviour. The focus is placed on the manner in which interaction as provided for by the CEWS and CISSA can shape understandings of reality and potentially impact on the definition of actors&rsquo / interests. This is based on the assumption drawn from security community and epistemic community theory that, enabling the creation of shared meanings and shared knowledge there is the potential for both the CEWS and CISSA to have a positive influence on the choices that stakeholders take in favour of peaceful change.</p>

<p>This dissertation explores the potential contributions of the mechanisms for early warning and intelligence sharing to regional security in Africa. The Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) and the Committee on Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA) are centrally concerned with the dissemination of information to enable decision-making on continental security. The main focus of the dissertation is on the manner in which the information generated by the CEWS and CISSA can contribute to regional security. In order to analyse the potential contribution of the CEWS and CISSA to regional security, a sound theoretical framework is proposed so as to explore how and why states choose to cooperate, as well as addressing multifaceted cooperation and integration at inter-state, government department and nonstate levels. Constructivist interpretations of international cooperation are utilised to explore the role of ideas, meanings and understandings in shaping behaviour. The focus is placed on the manner in which interaction as provided for by the CEWS and CISSA can shape understandings of reality and potentially impact on the definition of actors&rsquo / interests. This is based on the assumption drawn from security community and epistemic community theory that, enabling the creation of shared meanings and shared knowledge there is the potential for both the CEWS and CISSA to have a positive influence on the choices that stakeholders take in favour of peaceful change.</p>

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S. - Hydrology and Water Resources)--University of Arizona, 1982. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-142).

In my thesis I focused on the level of public knowledge in the field of protection of general population, because I wanted to identify the current state and to find out if cancellation of teaching this subject matter affected the public´s knowledge on this issue. The subject matter education was ended up after the change of the political system in the Czech Republic and the fall of communist regimes in Central Europe, where the population in the response to changes in domestic and global politics, that eliminated a military assault of the Czech Republic, lost interest in the issue. However, people do not realize that although the danger of war is eliminated, there are other dangers of human inventions such as industrial production, transport of chemicals, or energy production and other activities, and other dangers on the part of nature, such as excessive rainfall, strong winds and other natural calamities. In the introductory section of the thesis information on history of the public warning system and the current state of warning, evacuation and protection of population is given. Data was gathered through questionnaires, where respondents had to indicate the type of a recorded sound of a siren and the subsequent response to the sound of the siren. Other questions in the questionnaire were focused on evacuation of population and improvised protection from hazardous substances. The introductory section is followed by the description of the obtained data evaluation. The hypothesis assuming that the current population has little knowledge in the field of protection of population and that a part of the population who have undergone lessons in the subject called national defence education have greater knowledge than those who did not have this education, was confirmed after evaluation of the questionnaires. Only one quarter of respondents identified the recorded sound of a siren, which is a warning value. For other questions higher values were obtained. Another part of the population, which had not undergone lessons in national defence education, reached a lower percentage of correct answers. In the final section of the thesis evaluation of individual questions is mentioned. The situation is reviewed and measures proposed to improve the level of knowledge of the Czech Republic population in the response to warning signals.