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This thesis aims to investigate the phenomenon of war rape in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in order to understand the dynamics, contextual realities and consequences of its perpetration. Practical and theoretical knowledge is generated which is relevant for health care interventions, humanitarian assistance and peace initiatives, that are cognizant of the actual needs of the affected populations. The study employed ethnographic methodology involving prolonged engagement with the field, participant observation, formal and informal interviews, keeping of field notes and the continuous practice of reflexivity. The four papers in this thesis represent formal interviews with participants from three distinct groups: local leaders (Paper I), ex-child soldier boys (Paper II) and women survivors of sexual violence (Paper III & IV). Qualitative Content Analysis was used for the interview study with local leaders (Paper I). Findings from this study reveal how mass rape and the methods of perpetration create a chaos effectively destroying communities. The leaders draw attention to the fact that an exclusive focus on raped women misses other structural factors that contribute to war and sexual violence, factors such as the global political economy, international apathy, the stance of the church, effects of militarization, inappropriate aid and interpretations of gender roles. Through the theoretical lenses of militarised masculinity and gender based violence, interviews with ex-child soldier boys, seen as both victims of war as well as proxy perpetrators of sexual violence, were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed the systematic and violent construction of children into soldiers, inculcating a rigid set of stereotypical hyper-masculine behaviors promoting dominance by violating the subordinate “other”. These findings argue for a more complex, contextualized view of the perpetrator resulting from the ways society has (re)constructed gender, ethnicity and class. Papers III and IV reflect the interviews and narratives provided by women survivors. Guided by thematic analysis and a matrix of theories: Structural violence, Intersectionality and “new wars”; Paper III bears witness to the women’s expressions of their profound losses and dispossession as they struggle to survive stigmatization in the impoverished margins of the warzone, along with children born of rape. The perpetrator is cited here as well as by the leaders as predominantly Interhamwe. Payne’s Sites of Resilience model used in Paper IV situates stigmatized women survivors suffering in a global context as they navigate survival, demonstrating resilience in the margins through support from their faith in God, scarce health services, indigenous healing and strategic alliances. Findings suggest that collaborations of existing strengthened networks, ie: the church, healthcare and indigenous healers, could extend the reach of sustainable and holistic support services, positively effecting already identified sites of resilience. Findings draw attention to the challenges faced by public health in addressing mass trauma. Women’s raped bodies represent tangible material damage, embedded in a matrix of globalization processes and structural violence involving gender, ethnicity and class. This requires serious reflection.

Tarpukariu (1918–1940 m.) Lietuvos vyriausybė labai pradėjo rūpintis kultūra ir švietimu, o tai lėmė periodinės spaudos suklestėjimą, ypač laikraščių ir savaitraščių. 1928–1940 m. Šiauliuose buvo leidžiami bulvarinio pobūdžio savaitraščiai „Momentas“ (1928–1930), kurio vyriausiasis redaktorius buvo Jurgis Janulaitis, „Mūsų momentas“ (1930–1933) ir „Įdomus mūsų momentas“ (1933–1940), kurių vyriausiasis redaktorius buvo Bronius Buišas. Šie leidiniai ir yra darbo tyrimo objektas. Savaitraščiai buvo tiriami naudojant aprašymo, interpretacinį ir lyginamąjį metodus. Ištirti šie minėtų leidinių numeriai: „Momento“ (1928 m. 1–25; 1929 m. 1, 3–7, 13, 29, 41, 43; 1930 m. 1numeriai), „Mūsų momento“ (1930 m. 1–25, 35; 1932 m. 42–51 numeriai), „Įdomaus mūsų momento“ (1933 m. 9, 16, 25–30; 1934 m. 3–13, 42, 43, 51; 1935 m. 2, 16; 1936 m. 15, 28; 1937 m. 35; 1938 m. 5, 29; 1939 m. 41; 1940 m. 1 numeriai). Tai buvo bulvarinės spaudos periodiniai leidiniai, kuriuose daugiausia vietos užėmė kriminalų, aferų, sensacijų, žymių žmonių asmeninio gyvenimo aprašymai. Taip pat savaitraščiuose publikuota straipsnių apie svarbesnius Lietuvos ir pasaulio kultūrinius įvykius ir renginius. Savaitraščiai „Momentas“, „Mūsų momentas“, „Įdomus mūsų momentas“ turėjo nuolatines rubrikas, kuriose buvo spausdinama panašaus turinio informacija. „Momentas“ turėjo šias rubrikas: „Kronika“, „Juokų“ skiltis, „Įvairenybės“, „Gyvenamųjų dienų apžvalga“. „Mūsų momente“ publikuotos rubrikos: „Juokų“ skiltis, „Sportas“... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Between the wars (1918–1940) Lithuanian Government was taking more care of culture and education, which led to periodical prospering, especially of newspapers and weekly. In 1928–1940 gutter weekly “Momentas” (1928–1930), chief editor Jurgis Janulaitis, “Mūsų momentas” (1930–1933) and “Įdomus mūsų momentas” (1933–1940) chief editor Bronius Buišas were published. These publications are subject of this paper. The weekly were analysed using description, interpretation and comparative methods. Listed issues were analysed. They were gutter periodicals, where most place was taken by criminal news, affair, sensation, famous people personal life descriptions. They also publicised articles about significant Lithuanian and world cultural events. The weekly “Momentas”, “Mūsų momentas”, “Įdomus mūsų momentas” had permanent columns with similar information. “Momentas”: Chronicle, Jokes, Various, Review of living days, “Mūsų momentas”: Jokes, Sports, “Įdomus mūsų momentas” included new columns Here and abroad, For free hour, Our scout corner, News for women. The weekly were regional periodicals: most articles were about Šiauliai city and regional events, actualities, news. Readers also were offered news from Lithuania and the world, but not so abundantly. Gutter weekly “Momentas”, “Mūsų momentas”, “Įdomus mūsų momentas” publicized literal creations as well. Mostly it was popular beletristics: satires (Cingu-Lingas “Ko trūksta Šiauliams”), sentimental low artistic level poems, criminal... [to full text]

Begreppet ”fan edits” betecknar filmer som klipps om av fans, vilka är missnöjda med hur en adaption för vita duken som gjorts. I min uppsats vill jag påvisa dels hur samspelet mellan fans och filmmakare/filmbolag sett och ser ut, dels försöka klargöra varför copyright/fair use är så knepigt att applicera på området.

Relationships between the terms culture and education are often taken for granted in educational research. This study challenges some of the taken for granted assumptions around the term culture in educational contexts, particularly in secondary language arts education. It examines these assumptions through an analysis of three debates from the contemporary culture wars in education. The implications of these debates on uses of the term culture in secondary language arts education are examined through Othello as a secondary school text. I am arguing that these debates, namely, on the literary canon, multicultural education, and cultural literacy, represent intractable conflicts over definitions of the term culture. In light of these conflicts, the aim of this study is to provide language arts educators with analytical tools for developing greater theoretical rigour when defining the term culture in language arts education. Drawing on recent theoretical writings on culture, concepts of cultural capital, cultural rights, and cultural reproduction are proposed as analytical tools. I then apply these to develop a methodological approach by which to structure my analysis of Othello as a school text. The study makes a theoretical contribution by bringing into sharper focus ways in which the ideological opposition between expressions of cultural right versus cultural left perspectives is articulated in language arts education, as well as illustrating that claims about culture in the canon debate reflect competing normative assumptions; in the multicultural education debate they reflect competing essentialist constructions; and in the cultural literacy debate they reflect competing empowerment goals. Such cultural debates have a long history and thus the study also situates the contemporary culture wars in education within a wider historical context by tracing related conflicts in the history of literary criticism on and performances of Othello over the past four centuries.

The British Civil Wars were not just physical battles but ideological battles as well. Legitimate authority was hotly contested and each faction vied for public support by invoking a mandate meaningful to a heterogeneous audience: the safeguarding of the family and the patriarchal order. In early modern England and Scotland, the family was understood as emblematic of the social and political order; thus, the protection of the family – both private and political - was presented as the surest way of assuaging God’s wrath and re-establishing order in the three kingdoms. This thesis demonstrates the ubiquity of the language of patriarchy in the Civil Wars and the extent to which political and ideological debates centred on questions of legitimate patriarchal authority.

El Plan de San Diego is the name of an important document in Texas history, but the document and surrounding history is usually discussed with little or no reference to the town of San Diego, Texas, the people who lived there, or the cultural landscape. The Plan de San Diego is an unsuccessful rebellion that is one of the few documented irredentist revolts in U.S. History, it is also a written document calling for return of lands in a multi-ethnic call to arms advocating the recovery of territory by people of Mexican descent in 1915, named for the town San Diego, TX. After the discovery of this Plan, Mexican-Americans were persecuted, violently suppressed, and murdered: 300-5,000 people of Mexican descent died violently following the discovery and publication of the Plan de San Diego in what historians have called the “Bandit Wars”. San Diego, Texas residents and the entire U.S.-Mexican borderlands changed after the discovery of the Plan. My research investigates the political landscape and changes in material and cultural assemblages during and after the Plan, examining how descendant communities retained ties to place and remembered this event in the community of San Diego. Archival research, Historical archaeology and media representations of San Diego explore expose the everyday lives, settlement patterns, and subsistence strategies of the residents of San Diego before and after 1915, showing the material and social effects of the failed rebellion. The socio-political landscape that helped create Mexican-American culture in San Diego is a silenced, violent, and misunderstood chapter of Texas history that shapes the current borderlands and contributes important insights into the study of sites of rebellion and retaliation worldwide.

Univ. of Toronto, Diss.--Toronto, 2001. / Literaturverz. S. [305] - 324.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-114). Also available online: http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04102006-155557

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-114). Also available online: http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04102006-155557