Depuis le début des années 90, la gestion des déchets est devenue une gestion de «ressources» dont la valorisation permet de substituer en partie le besoin en ressources naturelles fossiles. Cette valorisation s'accompagne d'une logistique qu'il est nécessaire de planifier sur le territoire afin que les impacts additionnels associés aux activités de gestion ne compensent pas les bénéfices issus de la transformation de la ressource. Par ailleurs, la ressource « déchets » est non uniformément répartie sur le territoire: les gisements ainsi dispersés et disparates ont des implications sur la performance des filières de traitement (leur efficience) et, notamment, sur celle des activités de transport. Afin de prendre en compte cette hétérogénéité spatiale dans l'élaboration et l'évaluation de scénarios de gestion, cette thèse propose une approche territoriale de conception de filières de traitement qui repose sur l'utilisation d'indicateurs de potentiel de valorisation associés aux gisements. Son application au cas d’étude montréalais a permis de cibler à la fois les besoins en termes d'amélioration du système de gestion et les zones territoriales où ces changements devaient apparaître. L'approche développée constitue un premier pas vers un outil d'aide à la décision pour une diversification localisée des filières de traitement. En tenant compte des interactions entre les différents processus des filières (collecte/transport/traitement), elle fournit également un cadre permettant une meilleure coordination globale des activités de gestion des déchets. / Since the early 90's, waste management has become a « resources » management whose recovery can substitute fossil natural resources. The waste processing required can lead to important logistics, which need to be planned so that the additional impacts associated with waste management operations do not offset the benefits arising from the exploitation of the resource. Moreover, waste is a dispersed resource, subject to a great spatial variability (e.g. waste production rate). This has implications on the recovery chains performance and, especially, on the transport-related activities. In order to consider this spatial heterogeneity in waste management planning, this thesis presents a territorial approach to waste recovery chain's design. It relies on the definition of recovery potentials indicators associated to the sources. The application of the approach to the Montreal case allowed finding the areas unfavourable to the management scenarios considered. Determining the causes of low performance allowed targeting the needs in terms of system's improvement and, especially, the areas where these changes needed to happen. Therefore the approach presented in this thesis is the first step towards a decision-making tool for a localized diversification of recovery chains. By including the interactions between the chain's different processes (collection/transport/treatment), it also provides a systemic framework for a better overall planning of waste management activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 veronezi_cm_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 49526 bytes, checksum: 0f8da77f6d4f960b50257ef7bc597dd0 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-28T16:08:58Z: veronezi_cm_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-28T16:10:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000640587.pdf: 464245 bytes, checksum: ccf350c276ff0f3e0918dca4af0df21d (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Cresce a busca por alimentos mais saudáveis, principalmente de origem vegetal, que são constituídos por substâncias benéficas ao organismo. Essas substâncias, denominadas de compostos bioativos, ajudam na redução do risco de doenças crônico-degenerativas e outras. Dentre esses alimentos, encontram-se os frutos. Porém, ainda são escassas as informações sobre a composição nutricional de certos frutos, principalmente no que se refere ao valor nutricional dos resíduos gerados em seu processamento. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal de sementes de frutos da família Cucurbitaceae cultivadas no Brasil e caracterizar os seus óleos a fim de identificar compostos bioativos para a possível aplicação em alimentos. As sementes de abóboras das variedades Nova Caravela, Mini Paulista, Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata) e Moranga de Mesa (Cucurbita maxima) foram caracterizadas quanto à umidade, lipídios, proteínas, cinzas e carboidratos totais, e os óleos dessas sementes quanto às propriedades físico-químicas, além do perfil de ácidos graxos, teores de tocoferóis, carotenoides e compostos fenólicos totais. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças entre as médias foram testadas a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey, por meio do programa ESTAT, versão 2.0. Verificou-se que todas as sementes possuem composição centesimal semelhante, apresentando teores relativamente elevados de lipídios (33-42%) e proteínas (29- 34%). Com relação às propriedades físico-químicas, todos os óleos apresentam valores dentro das faixas características dos óleos vegetais comestíveis. Os principais ácidos graxos encontrados foram o linoleico (40-47%) e oleico (28-30%), que perfizeram um total de 70 a 78%, sendo o óleo das sementes das abóboras da variedade Moranga de Mesa o mais insaturado... / The search for healthier foods is increasing, mainly for the ones of vegetable origin, which are composed of substances that are beneficial to the organism. These substances, known as bioactive compounds, help reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases and others. Fruits are among these foods. However, there still is little information about the nutritional composition of certain fruits, especially regarding the nutritional value of the waste generated by their processing. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the proximate composition of seeds from Cucurbitaceae fruit family, grown in Brazil and to characterize their oils, in order to identify bioactive compounds for possible application in food. The seeds from Nova Caravela, Mini Paulista, Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata) and Moranga de Mesa (Cucurbita maxima) pumpkin varieties were characterized as moisture, lipids, proteins, ash and total carbohydrates, and the oils from these seeds, as to their physicochemical properties, as well as the fatty acid profile, the levels of tocopherols, carotenoids and total phenolic compounds. The results were subjected to variance analysis and the differences between means were tested at 5% probability by Tukey test, using the ESTAT program, version 2.0. It was found that all seeds have similar composition, with relatively high levels of lipids (33-42%) and protein (29-34%). About the physicochemical properties, all the oils present values within the range for edible vegetable oils. The main fatty acids found were linoleic (40-47%) and oleic (28-30%), which totalized 70 to 78%, highlighting Moranga de Mesa seed oil as the most unsaturated one. Regarding total tocopherols, Menina Brasileira stood out (386.43 mg/kg). However, regarding the carotenoids and phenolic compounds, Mini Paulista stood out, with 26.8 µg/g and 3.62 mg GAE/g, respectively

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioASL_DISSERT.pdf: 2460649 bytes, checksum: bed5dd26e82ea61d687c6641214ac014 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / Space Science was built using a composite made of plaster, EPS, shredded tires, cement and water. Studies were conducted to thermal and mechanical resistance. Inside the mold EPS plates were placed in order to obtain a higher thermal resistance on the wall constructed, as well as to give it an end environmentally friendly in view of both the tire and the EPS occupy a large space in landfills and year need to be degraded when released into the environment. Compression tests were performed according to ABNT blocks to seal, measurements of the temperature variation in the external and internal walls using a laser thermometer and check the temperature of the indoor environment using a thermocouple attached to a digital thermometer. The experiments demonstrated the heat provided by the composite values from the temperature difference between the internal and external surfaces on the walls, reaching levels of 12.4 ? C and room temperature in the interior space of the Science of 33.3 ? C, remaining within the zone thermal comfort for hot climate countries. It was also demonstrated the proper mechanical strength of such a composite for sealing walls. The proposed use of the composite can contribute to reducing the extreme housing shortage in our country, producing popular homes at low cost and with little time to work / Foi constru?do o Espa?o Ci?ncia utilizando um comp?sito constitu?do de gesso, EPS, pneu triturado, cimento e ?gua. Foram realizados estudos de resist?ncias t?rmica e mec?nica. No interior do molde foram colocadas placas de EPS com o intuito de se obter uma maior resist?ncia t?rmica nas paredes constru?das, como tamb?m dar-lhe um fim ecologicamente correto, tendo em vista que tanto o pneu quanto o EPS ocupam grande espa?o em aterros sanit?rios e necessitam de anos para serem degradados quando lan?ados ao meio ambiente. Foram realizados ensaios de compress?o segundo as normas da ABNT para blocos de veda??o, medi??es da varia??o de temperatura nas paredes externas e internas utilizando um term?metro a laser e verifica??o da temperatura do ambiente interno utilizando um termopar acoplado a um term?metro digital. Os experimentos t?rmicos demonstraram os valores proporcionados pelo comp?sito a partir da diferen?a de temperatura entre as superf?cies internas e externas nas paredes, alcan?ando n?veis de 12,4?C e temperatura ambiente no interior do espa?o ci?ncia, de 33,3 ?C ficando dentro da zona de conforto t?rmico para pa?ses de clima quente. Demonstrou-se tamb?m apropriada resist?ncia mec?nica de tal comp?sito para paredes de veda??o. A utiliza??o do comp?sito proposto pode contribuir para a diminui??o do extremo d?ficit habitacional do nosso pa?s, produzindo resid?ncias populares a baixo custo e com pequeno tempo de obra

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Leonardo PPGEMA_2010_part 1.pdf: 1765624 bytes, checksum: 3dcc9e66423433d5b3ccd27a56e7db98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / The wastes generated by the quarry companies from civil construction represent an activity that has been outstanding because of the countless problems that appear with their stockpiling and maintenance. The great concern with those wastes is linked to the capacity to generate social and environmental effects that can harm the ambient through the appearance of environmental impacts. In this context, researches have been done to study the application of those wastes in paving works, with the propose to reduce the generated problems and to contribute for the appearance of materials that can substitute those that are considered traditional and that are more and more scarce. The objective of this research was to verify the technical and economical viability of the use of quarry wastes in paving, besides complementing the researches previously done with those wastes. For this research the same mixtures used in the experimental pavement were analyzed at laboratory: Mixture 1 (30% filler + 70% soil), Mixture 2 (20% filler + 80% soil), Mixture 3 (20% micaxist powder + 80% soil) and Mixture 4 (30% micaxist powder + 70% soil). In the complementally evaluation, tests of chemical characterization (soil and mixtures), X-ray diffraction and electronic microscopy of sweeping were done. For technical investigation, the experimental pavement evaluation was done in two different periods using load bearing plate test, dynamic cone penetration and Benkelman beam. The economical viability analysis was done by the costs estimated for the execution of each experimental sub-section, simulating different sceneries. The results of the chemical characterization demonstrated that there is an increment of parameters as pH and cation exchange capacity with the incorporation of fine quarries to the soil. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that new minerals are not formed in the mixtures. The results of microscopy of sweeping pointed that the factors that more influences in the mixtures structures are their grain size materials and the compaction energy applied. In the experimental pavement evaluation it was possible to verify the influence of the rain in the pavement structural performance, what provoked high displacements values for the right board. Even so, the sub-sections executed with filler and micaxist powder have been presenting behavior varying among regular and good. In the costs estimated results, it was observed that the sub-sections executed with fine quarry wastes can be considered the most economical, mainly when the minimum distance of competition is considered. Being like this, one can be noted that the reusing of fine quarry wastes in pavements has viability and it contributes significantly for the reduction of environmental effects generated by the mineral sector. / Os resíduos gerados pelas empresas mineradoras da construção civil representam uma atividade que tem ganhado destaque pelos inúmeros problemas advindos da estocagem e manutenção de seus depósitos. A grande preocupação em torno desses resíduos está ligada à capacidade de gerar externalidades sócio-ambientais que podem prejudicar o meio através do surgimento de impactos ambientais. Neste contexto, têm surgido pesquisas que visam a aplicação desses resíduos em obras de pavimentação, cujo objetivo principal é diminuir os problemas gerados e contribuir para o surgimento de materiais que possam substituir aqueles que são considerados tradicionais e que estão cada vez mais escassos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a viabilidade técnica e econômica da utilização de resíduos de pedreiras em pavimentação, além de complementar as pesquisas realizadas anteriormente com esses resíduos. Para tanto, foram analisadas, em laboratório as mesmas misturas empregadas durante a execução do trecho experimental, sendo denominadas de Mistura 1 (30% fíler + 70% solo), Mistura 2 (20% fíler + 80% solo), Mistura 3 (20% pó de micaxisto + 80% solo) e Mistura 4 (30% pó de micaxisto + 70% solo). Na avaliação complementar, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização química (solo e misturas), difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para avaliação técnica, realizou-se o monitoramento do trecho experimental em dois períodos distintos por meio dos ensaios de prova de carga sobre placa, penetrômetro dinâmico de cone e viga Benkelman. Já na análise de viabilidade econômica, foi utilizada a estimativa de custos gerada para a execução de cada sub-trecho, simulando diferentes cenários. Os resultados da caracterização química demonstraram que ocorre um incremento de parâmetros como pH e capacidade de troca catiônica com a incorporação de finos de pedreira ao solo. Os resultados de difração de raios-X mostraram que não há formação de novos minerais nas misturas. Os resultados de microscopia eletrônica de varredura apontaram que os fatores que mais influenciam na estruturação das misturas são a granulometria de seus constituintes e a energia de compactação aplicada. No acompanhamento do trecho experimental foi possível verificar a influência da chuva no desempenho estrutural do pavimento, o que provocou elevados valores de deslocamentos para o bordo direito. Mesmo assim, os sub-trechos executados com fíler e pó de micaxisto têm apresentado comportamento variando entre regular e bom. Nos resultados de estimativa de custos, observou-se que os sub-trechos executados com resíduos finos de pedreira podem ser considerados os mais econômicos, principalmente quando é considerada a distância mínima de competição. Sendo assim, conclui-se que o eaproveitamento de resíduos finos de pedreira em obras de pavimentação é viável e contribui significativamente na redução das externalidades ambientais geradas pelo setor mineral.

Selon la European Tyre Recycling Association (ETRA), plus de 3 millions de tonnes de pneus en fin de vie sont à traiter en Europe chaque année et sont directement concernés par les mesures législatives visant le réemploi et la valorisation de 95 % de la masse totale des véhicules hors d'usage. Malgré les différentes possibilités de valorisation des pneus usagés (applications dans le secteur du bâtiment et travaux publics, valorisation matière, valorisation énergétique), une partie du gisement français n’est pas répertorié, ni valorisé, et aucune des voies citées auparavant ne s’intéresse à la récupération du noir de carbone, qui est un constituant essentiel du pneu. Ce produit, à forte valeur ajoutée, est principalement utilisé comme charge de renfort dans l'industrie du caoutchouc et des plastiques. Il existe deux types de procédés thermiques industrialisés permettant de récupérer le noir de carbone d’un pneumatique en fin de vie : la pyrolyse et la vapo-thermolyse. La vapo-thermolyse, actuellement industrialisée par Alpha Recyclage Franche Comté (ARFC), est une variante innovante de la pyrolyse, qui utilise la vapeur d’eau surchauffée à pression atmosphérique. La solution qui consiste à substituer un noir de carbone issu d’un procédé de fabrication conventionnel par un noir de carbone issu de vapo-thermolyse de pneus repose sur la qualité du noir de carbone récupéré et, en particulier, sur ses propriétés physico-chimiques intrinsèques et de surface. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer et mettre en place une méthodologie adéquate afin de récupérer et caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques du noir de carbone recupéré (rCB) par vapo-thermolyse à partir d'une formulation de pneu, d'évaluer l'impact des conditions de fonctionnement du procédé sur les propriétés du rCB, et enfin de valoriser le rCB en tant que charge de renfort alternative pour l'élaboration d'un produit final. / According to the European Tyre Recycling Association (ETRA), more than 3 millions tonnes of waste tires are to be treated in Europe each year and are subject to legislation and regulation policies for the re-use and recycling of 95 % of the total mass of end-of-life vehicles. Despite the various opportunities for recycling used tires (civil engineering applications, material recovery, energy recovery), a part of the French available resource remains unvalued and none of the applications just mentioned focuses specifically on the recovery of carbon black, which is one of the main component of a tire. This high added value product is mainly used as reinforcing filler in the rubber and plastics industries. There are two types of industrialized thermal processes for recovering the carbon black from an end-of-life tire : pyrolysis and steam thermolysis. Steam thermolysis, currently industrialized by Alpha Recyclage Franche Comté (ARFC), is an efficient pyrolysis alternative which uses superheated steam at atmospheric pressure. The substitution of carbon blacks produced from a conventional manufacturing process by carbon blacks recovered from the steam thermolysis treatment is based upon the quality of the recycled product, especially regarding its physicochemical properties (intrinsic and surface). The objective of this work is to propose and implement an adequate methodology to recover and characterize the physicochemical properties of recovered carbon black (rCB) from steam thermolysis of a tire, to assess the impact of the process operating conditions on the properties of the rCB, and finally to valorize the rCB as an alternative reinforcing filler for the elaboration of a final product.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] El modelo M-GRCT, principal producto desarrollado en esta investigación, tiene por objeto promover mejores prácticas ambientales de gestión de residuos sólidos aprovechables en contextos municipales desfavorecidos (municipalidades de economía deprimida). Se trata de un importante instrumento técnico que brinda soporte a la gestión de residuos municipales con un enfoque de promoción de la economía circular. M-GRCT esta soportado en una herramienta ofimática dinámica que se ha programado para calcular variables de dos grandes módulos en escenarios predefinidos de simulación, con el objetivo de evaluar su eficiencia comparando el modelo tradicional de gestión de residuos reciclables (lineal) y el promocionado (circular). Los dos módulos principales del modelo corresponden a un módulo de evaluación ambiental y otro de evaluación financiera. En el módulo ambiental se calculan entre otras variables, los beneficios por reducción de huella de carbono que se logran al minimizar volúmenes de residuos aprovechables transportados y dispuestos en vertederos, o el censo de recuperadores/recicladores de oficio para promover su importante labor en la cadena de gestión de residuos, diseño de rutas selectivas y promoción de empleo. En el módulo financiero, se calculan las variables económicas a partir de la cuantificación de residuos aprovechables producidos en las municipalidades de interés, considerándolos como unidad de negocio asociada a la correcta separación que deben realizar todos los sectores de generación tipificados. Se realizan así, estimaciones de ingresos, costes e inversiones para la implementación de plantas de aprovechamiento de residuos, a partir de flujos de caja con un horizonte de evaluación predefinido y consideraciones de financiación. Como ejemplos de aplicación, M-GRCT se ha utilizado para simular la gestión de residuos aprovechables en un conjunto de municipios de economía deprimida en Colombia. Las características socioeconómicas de estos territorios, los informes oficiales asociados a la gestión de sus residuos y otros criterios base, permitieron la selección de estos. Los resultados logrados, exponen interesantes contrastes y cifras asociadas a los potenciales beneficios ambientales y económicos que se pueden lograr con la implementación real del modelo. / [CA] El model M-GRCT, principal producte desenvolupat en aquesta investigació, té per objecte promoure millors pràctiques ambientals de gestió de residus sòlids aprofitables en contextos municipals desafavorits (municipalitats d'economia deprimida). Es tracta d'un important instrument tècnic que brinda suport a la gestió de residus municipals amb un enfocament de promoció de l'economia circular. M-GRCT està suportat en una eina ofimàtica dinàmica que s'ha programat per calcular variables de dos grans mòduls en escenaris predefinits de simulació, amb l'objectiu d'avaluar-ne l'eficiència comparant el model tradicional de gestió de residus reciclables (lineal) i el promocionat (circular). Els dos mòduls principals del model corresponen a un mòdul d'avaluació ambiental i un altre d'avaluació financera. Al mòdul ambiental es calculen entre altres variables, els beneficis per reducció d'empremta de carboni que s'aconsegueixen en minimitzar volums de residus aprofitables transportats i disposats en abocadors, o el cens de recuperadors/recicladors d'ofici per promoure'n l'important labor a la cadena de gestió de residus, disseny de rutes selectives i promoció d'ocupació. Al mòdul financer, es calculen les variables econòmiques a partir de la quantificació de residus aprofitables produïts a les municipalitats d'interès, considerant-los com a unitat de negoci associada a la correcta separació que han de realitzar tots els sectors de generació tipificats. Es fan així, estimacions d'ingressos, costos i inversions per a la implementació de plantes d'aprofitament de residus, a partir de fluxos de caixa amb un horitzó d'avaluació predefinit i consideracions de finançament. Com a exemples d'aplicació, M-GRCT s'ha utilitzat per simular la gestió de residus aprofitables en un conjunt de municipis d'economia deprimida a Colòmbia. Les característiques socioeconòmiques d'aquests territoris, els informes oficials associats a la gestió dels seus residus i altres criteris base, van permetre'n la selecció. Els resultats aconseguits exposen interessants contrastos i xifres associades als potencials beneficis ambientals i econòmics que es poden aconseguir amb la implementació real del model. / [EN] The M-GRCT model, main product developed in this research, aims to promote better environmental practices for the management of usable solid waste in disadvantaged municipal contexts (municipalities with depressed economies). It is an important technical instrument that provides support for municipal waste management with a focus on promoting the circular economy. M-GRCT is supported by a dynamic office automation tool that has been programmed to calculate variables of two large modules in predefined simulation scenarios, with the aim of evaluating its efficiency by comparing the traditional recyclable waste management model (linear) and the promoted-do (circular). The two main modules of the model correspond to an environmental assessment module and a financial assessment module. The environmental module calculates, among other variables, the benefits of reducing the carbon footprint achieved by minimizing volumes of usable waste transported and disposed of in landfills, or the census of collectors/recyclers by trade to promote its important work in the waste management chain, design of selective routes and employment promotion. In the financial module, the economic variables are calculated based on the quantification of usable waste produced in the municipalities of interest, considering them as a business unit associated with the correct separation that all typified generation sectors must carry out. Thus, estimates of income, costs and investments are made for the implementation of waste utilization plants, based on cash flows with a predefined evaluation horizon and financing considerations. As application examples, M-GRCT has been used to simulate the management of usable waste in a group of municipalities with depressed economies in Colombia. The socioeconomic characteristics of these territories, the official reports associated with their waste management and other basic criteria, allowed their selection. The results achieved expose interesting contrasts and figures associated with the potential environmental and economic benefits that can be achieved with the real implementation of the model. / Vargas Terranova, CA. (2022). Desarrollo de un modelo de economía circular para la gestión de residuos sólidos. Aplicación en municipios de economía deprimida en Colombia [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191028 / Compendio

Face à la forte croissance démographique et spatiale de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi, l'augmentation qualitative et quantitative des déchets solides ménagers, la pratique de plus en plus généralisée du remblai des bas fonds par les déchets solides ménagers, l'inexistence des décharges intermédiaires et finales autorisées et, la fragilité de la nappe phréatique de par sa faible profondeur, il est impérieux que les actions idoines soient entreprises en vue d'une gestion efficace et pérenne des DSM de cette ville. L'objectif de cette étude a été, donc, de proposer une filière efficace et pérenne de gestion des déchets solides ménagers de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi afin de contribuer à la réduction des flux de ses déchets.La connaissance du gisement des déchets solides ménagers, dans son approche sociologique et qualitative en termes de composition étant la première étape dans la mise en oeuvre efficace d'une filière de gestion des déchets. Une enquête sociologique a été faite auprès de 200 personnes, actrices à différents niveaux de la gestion des DSM de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi. De même, le présent travail a, d'une part procédé à une caractérisation des déchets solides ménagers en fonction du standing et de la saison, d'autre part étudié l'impact des déchets solides ménagers sur les eaux des puits situés sur les bas fonds et, enfin s'en est suivi des essais de fabrication de compost en fonction des différents constituants. Nos résultats ont révélé qu'indépendamment du standing de vie, les quantités de déchets solides ménagers produits sont plus élevées les week-ends et particulièrement, le dimanche où elles sont le double des quantités produites les autres jours de la semaine. / Considering the, (i) high population and spatial growth of the Abomey-Calavi city (Benin), (ii) qualitative and quantitative increase of the household solid waste in the town of Abomey - Calavi, (iii) a more and more generalized practice of embankment of wet zones by household solid waste (HSW), (iv) non-existence of municipal landfills and, (v) fragility of the groundwater due to its weak depth, it's necessary that appropriate actions are achieved with the aim of an effective and long-term management of the household solid waste. The aim of this study was to propose an effective and long-term plan of management of Abomey-Calavi HSW. Knowledge of household-solid-waste quality and sociological point of view are the first step in an effective implementation of waste management spinneret. A sociological investigation was made with 200 persons, dealing on various levels with solid wastes in the Abomey-Calavi city. Also, the present study has, on one hand, characterized HSW according to standing of life and season, on the other hand, has investigated the impact of the HSW on waters of wells located in waste-impacted zones and, finally carried out tests of composting taking in account various compositions. Our results revealed that whatever the standing of life, the production of household solid wastes is more important during weekends and specially, on Sundays: twice more larger than those produced the other days of the week. About 0.89 kg of HSW per capita is produced on average every day. The management of HSW in Abomey - Calavi city, which can be termed pre-collection-based, is felt as bad by 80 % of HSW-careers and 50 % of the town council investigated employees.

Neste trabalho são apresentadas algumas características físicas, vantagens e viabilidade do uso do pó de tecido, proveniente do processamento de resíduos têxteis que são descartados em confecções em geral. A produção e utilização desse tipo de pó diminui o impacto ambiental e se mostra viável economicamente, pois é produzido facilmente a partir do processamento de resíduos, que seriam descartados na natureza. O presente trabalho mostra o estudo da produção do pó de tecido e a sua substituição parcial do agregado miúdo natural na produção de concretos de cimento Portland convencionais. Para comprovar a viabilidade técnica e econômica do uso do pó de tecido foram analisadas características do agregado como sua composição granulométrica, e seu comportamento nos ensaios de abatimento tronco de cone (Slump Test). Uma relação água-cimento também foi convencionada a um concreto usual com resistência esperada de 27MPa. Com estes dados foi definido um traço para o concreto utilizando 5% e 15% de agregado pó de tecido, substituindo a areia. A pesquisa apresenta os resultados de resistência à compressão simples dos corpos de prova cilíndricos de concreto aos 28 dias. Verificou-se que as amostras não apresentaram diferenças significativas de resistência entre si, tão pouco com relação às resistências de um concreto convencional produzido somente com agregado miúdo natural. Entretanto, houve uma melhora nos resultados dos ensaios à compressão, principalmente no concreto com 15% de pó de tecido. / On this work are present some physical characteristics, advantages and viability of the use of the fabric dust, proceeding from the processing of textile residues that are discarded in confections in general. The production and use of this type of dust diminish the ambient impact and if it shows economically viable, therefore it is produced easily from the processing of residues, which would be discarded in the nature. The present work shows to the study of the production of the dust of tissue its partial substitution of the natural small aggregate in the production of concrete of Portland cement conventional. To prove the viability economic technique and of the use of the fabric dust they had been analyzed characteristic of the aggregate as its grain sized composition, and its behavior in the discouragement assays cone trunk (Slump Test). A relation water-cement also was stipulated to the one usual concrete with resistance waited of 27 MPa. With these data a trace for concrete using 5% and 15% of added fabric dust, substituting was defined the sand. The research presents the results of simple compressive strength of the cylindrical bodies of test of concrete to the 28 days. It was verified so little that the samples had not presented significant differences of resistance between itself, with regard to the resistance of a conventional concrete only produced with natural small aggregate. However, the compression had an improvement in the results of the assays, mainly in the concrete with 15% of fabric dust.

Neste trabalho são apresentadas algumas características físicas, vantagens e viabilidade do uso do pó de tecido, proveniente do processamento de resíduos têxteis que são descartados em confecções em geral. A produção e utilização desse tipo de pó diminui o impacto ambiental e se mostra viável economicamente, pois é produzido facilmente a partir do processamento de resíduos, que seriam descartados na natureza. O presente trabalho mostra o estudo da produção do pó de tecido e a sua substituição parcial do agregado miúdo natural na produção de concretos de cimento Portland convencionais. Para comprovar a viabilidade técnica e econômica do uso do pó de tecido foram analisadas características do agregado como sua composição granulométrica, e seu comportamento nos ensaios de abatimento tronco de cone (Slump Test). Uma relação água-cimento também foi convencionada a um concreto usual com resistência esperada de 27MPa. Com estes dados foi definido um traço para o concreto utilizando 5% e 15% de agregado pó de tecido, substituindo a areia. A pesquisa apresenta os resultados de resistência à compressão simples dos corpos de prova cilíndricos de concreto aos 28 dias. Verificou-se que as amostras não apresentaram diferenças significativas de resistência entre si, tão pouco com relação às resistências de um concreto convencional produzido somente com agregado miúdo natural. Entretanto, houve uma melhora nos resultados dos ensaios à compressão, principalmente no concreto com 15% de pó de tecido. / On this work are present some physical characteristics, advantages and viability of the use of the fabric dust, proceeding from the processing of textile residues that are discarded in confections in general. The production and use of this type of dust diminish the ambient impact and if it shows economically viable, therefore it is produced easily from the processing of residues, which would be discarded in the nature. The present work shows to the study of the production of the dust of tissue its partial substitution of the natural small aggregate in the production of concrete of Portland cement conventional. To prove the viability economic technique and of the use of the fabric dust they had been analyzed characteristic of the aggregate as its grain sized composition, and its behavior in the discouragement assays cone trunk (Slump Test). A relation water-cement also was stipulated to the one usual concrete with resistance waited of 27 MPa. With these data a trace for concrete using 5% and 15% of added fabric dust, substituting was defined the sand. The research presents the results of simple compressive strength of the cylindrical bodies of test of concrete to the 28 days. It was verified so little that the samples had not presented significant differences of resistance between itself, with regard to the resistance of a conventional concrete only produced with natural small aggregate. However, the compression had an improvement in the results of the assays, mainly in the concrete with 15% of fabric dust.