No description available.

Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-13T18:17:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado_Francine Nunes_2016.pdf: 2824304 bytes, checksum: aa5a2fd56f57a8f91e1f2bcc17666fd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-13T18:18:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado_Francine Nunes_2016.pdf: 2824304 bytes, checksum: aa5a2fd56f57a8f91e1f2bcc17666fd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T18:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado_Francine Nunes_2016.pdf: 2824304 bytes, checksum: aa5a2fd56f57a8f91e1f2bcc17666fd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 / A utilização de cinzas de resíduos sólidos para a fabricação de produtos cerâmicos tem apresentado evidências a fim de melhorar as propriedades químicas, físicas e mecânicas, minimizar os problemas ambientais e reduzir o volume de extração de matéria-prima argilosa. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de fabricar produtos cerâmicos a base de argila mais a adição de cinza de resíduo de lã de ovinos em diferentes percentuais, tendo por finalidade a aplicação na construção civil. O resíduo é proveniente do processo de beneficiamento da lã de ovinos em uma indústria têxtil, sendo que este foi queimado ao ar livre e peneirado em um conjunto de peneiras 20, 30, 40, 60 e 80 mesh. Foram realizadas formulações contendo apenas argila in natura e com adições de cinza de lã (CL) em percentagens de 5, 10, 20 e 30 % na massa de cerâmica vermelha, sendo submetidas à caracterização química pela Fluorescência de Raios-X (FRX) e Espectroscopia de Absorção na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR); mineralógica com Difração de Raios-X (DRX); térmica pela Análise Termogravimétrica (TG) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC); e física por meio da distribuição granulométrica e índices físicos. A conformação das amostras foi realizada por prensagem e extrusão à vácuo. E as contrações lineares de secagem e de sinterização, também foram avaliadas. A sinterização dos produtos cerâmicos foi realizada em temperaturas de 600, 700 e 800 °C, com taxa de aquecimento de 100 °Cmin-1 e patamar de sinterização de três horas. As propriedades estruturais dos produtos foram realizadas por meio de FT-IR e DRX, e a resistência mecânica pela tensão de ruptura à flexão. Outras análises físicas como contrações lineares de secagem, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente e absorção de água, também foram avaliadas. Para a resistência mecânica a média dos valores obtidos variou de 0,38 ± 0,15 MPa a 6,70 ± 0,76 MPa, e para absorção de água, a média dos valores foi de 14,72 ± 0,39 % a 27,60 ± 1,05 %, para os produtos cerâmicos prensados. A avaliação destes mesmos parâmetros para os produtos cerâmicos extrudados, apresentou variação de 2,38 ± 1,47 MPa a 7,38 ± 3,00 MPa e de 8,57 ± 0,68 % a 24,80 ± 1,08 %. A resistência mecânica e absorção de água obtiveram melhores valores na temperatura de queima a 800 °C. No entanto, os valores encontrados foram abaixo do esperado devido aos produtos cerâmicos extrudados apresentar patologias como o “coração negro”. / The use of solid ash residue for the manufacture of ceramic products has been evidence to improve the chemical, physical and mechanical properties, minimizing environmental problems and reduce the volume of extraction clayey raw materials. In view of this, the present study aims to evaluate the possibility to make ceramics by the clay added by sheep wool waste ash, in different percentages. The purpose of this application is the construction bricks. The residue is derived from the beneficiation process of the sheep wool into a textile, and this was burnt at the air and sieved in a set of sieves 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 mesh, only formulations were made containing clay and wool gray additions (CL) in percentages of 5, 10, 20 and 30 % in a red ceramic, being subjected to chemical characterization by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform in the Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); Mineralogical with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); Thermal by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); through of physical and particle size distribution and physical indexes. The conformation of the samples was accomplished by pressing and vacuum extrusion. And the linear shrinkage by drying and heating, were also evaluated. The sintering of the ceramic products is performed at temperatures of 600, 700 and 800 °C with a the rate of 100 °Cmin -1 and three hours burning level. The structural properties of the products were performed by FT-IR and XRD, and the mechanical strength of the flexural breaking strain. Other physical analysis such as linear shrinkage drying, porosity, bulk density and water absorption were also evaluated. For mechanical strength average values obtained ranged from 0.38 ± 0.15 MPa to 6.70 ± 0.76 MPa and water absorption, the average value was 14.72 ± 0.39 % and 27.60 ± 1.05 % for the ceramics pressed. The evaluation of these same parameters for extruded ceramics, changed from 2.38 ± 1.47 MPa to 7.38 ± 3.00 MPa and 8.57 ± 0.68 % to 24.80 ± 1.08 %. The mechanical strength and water absorption values obtained in the best heating temperature to 800 °C. However, the values were lower than expected due to the extruded ceramic products present conditions as the “black core”.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-09T16:18:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paôla Valentini_.pdf: 16360357 bytes, checksum: 11cfed092ec8572550d478091c843fbc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-09T16:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paôla Valentini_.pdf: 16360357 bytes, checksum: 11cfed092ec8572550d478091c843fbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Diversos fatores influenciam a durabilidade de argamassas de revestimento, sendo alguns deles: a absorção de água, porosidade e rugosidade da superfície do substrato; a execução, com o preparo ou não do substrato, a forma de aplicação e as condições de cura da argamassa; as condições climáticas, decorrentes da ação do vento, umidade e temperatura; e a própria argamassa com seus componentes. Partindo deste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar fatores relacionados ao substrato e à argamassa que influenciam na resistência de aderência à tração de sistemas de revestimento. O programa experimental buscou avaliar a influência da absorção de água total, da absorção por capilaridade e da rugosidade de três substratos cerâmicos e também da adição de fíler na argamassa, na resistência de aderência à tração de sistemas de revestimento. Os substratos cerâmicos foram queimados nas temperaturas de 800°C, 900°C e 1000°C, sendo que, das 144 peças cerâmicas do estudo, metade receberam aplicação de hidrofugante. Sobre as peças cerâmicas foram aplicadas argamassas confeccionadas com areia natural de rio e cimento Portland CP II-Z-32, no traço 1:3, em massa, com e sem adição de 5% de pó de quartzo. A partir dos resultados encontrados observou-se que a maior resistência de aderência à tração foi obtida nos blocos cerâmicos com temperatura de queima de 800°C, que apresentam simultaneamente maior rugosidade e maior absorção capilar de água. Verificou-se também que a adição de fíler à argamassa aumentou a resistência de aderência quando aplicada sobre os blocos de maior rugosidade, não sendo observado o mesmo comportamento nos blocos de baixa rugosidade. De um modo geral, o uso de hidrofugante sobre as peças cerâmicas diminuiu os resultados de resistência de aderência além de alterar a forma de ruptura dos revestimentos. / The durability of coating mortars applied on substrates are influenced by the water absorption, porosity and roughness of the substrate surface; the preparation of the coating´s substrate, the method used to apply and the cure conditions of the mortar; beyond the climatic conditions, through the wind, humidity and temperature; and the mortar itself with its components. Based on this context, this research aims to evaluate factors related to the coating´s substrate and the rendering mortar that influence the adhesion strength of mortar coating systems. The experimental program aimed to evaluate the influence of total water absorption, capillary absorption and roughness of three ceramic substrates, as well as the use of filler in the mortar, in the adhesion strength of mortar coating systems. The ceramic substrates were burned at 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C, and of the 144 ceramic pieces of the study, 72 were painted with water repellent. The coating mortars were made with natural river sand and Portland cement CP II-Z-32, in the proportion 1: 3 (by mass), with and without adding 5% of quartz filler. It was observed that the highest tensile strength was obtained with the substrates of ceramic blocks burned at 800°C, which simultaneously present the higher roughness and higher water absorption. The use of filler in the mortar composition increased the adhesion strength when applied on the blocks of greater roughness. In general, the use of water repellent on the ceramic substracts decrease the adhesion strength of mortar coating systems and modify the kind of rupture of the coatings.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-06-27T00:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaBattisti.pdf: 4940838 bytes, checksum: da6b432c65c732aae6b2315e828e6836 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-27T00:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaBattisti.pdf: 4940838 bytes, checksum: da6b432c65c732aae6b2315e828e6836 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / O concreto é o material de construção mais empregado no mundo, consumindo grandes volumes de recursos naturais não renováveis, além da obtenção de matérias primas para sua produção causar grandes impactos ambientais. Deficiências do concreto relativas às propriedades de durabilidade podem diminuir a vida útil das estruturas, gerando resíduos precocemente, ou então necessitando de intervenções não previstas. A incorporação de agregados reciclados de concreto na produção de concreto vem sendo proposto como substituição parcial do agregado natural. No entanto, seu emprego pode aumentar a porosidade do concreto e diminuir sua durabilidade. A utilização de cinza de casca de arroz pode trazer melhorias nas propriedades dos concretos, principalmente quando se refere à penetração de íons cloreto e às propriedades mecânicas. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a influência da cinza de casca de arroz na penetração de íons cloreto em concretos com agregado reciclado de concreto. Foram produzidos concretos com 0; 25 e 50% de agregado reciclado em substituição ao agregado natural; 0; 10 e 20% de substituição de cimento por cinza de casca de arroz; e relações água/aglomerante iguais a 0,42, 0,53 e 0,64. A resistência à compressão foi analisada aos 7, 28, 63 e 91 dias. Os ensaios de durabilidade englobaram os ensaios de absorção de água por capilaridade e dois métodos acelerados de penetração de íons cloretos: ASTM C1202 e NT Build 492, comumente empregados em pesquisas científicas. Os resultados mostram, em média, que a cinza de casca de arroz trouxe benefícios ao concreto com agregado reciclado de concreto em todas as propriedades estudadas. O comportamento observado pode ser atribuído a uma possível interação entre o agregado reciclado e o emprego da cinza de casca de arroz, em decorrência de uma reação pozolânica da cinza com produtos de hidratação da pasta do agregado reciclado e a um efeito microfíler da mesma nos poros deste agregado. O melhor desempenho foi obtido com concreto produzido com 50% de agregado reciclado de concreto e 20% de cinza de casca de arroz, com um aumento médio da resistência à penetração de íons cloreto de 91% pela ASTM C1202 e 64% pelo NT Build 492, em relação aos concretos de mesmo teor de agregado reciclado e sem cinza de casca de arroz. / The durability of building materials is emphasized when it searches to maintain the useful life of the construction design or extend it. Corrosion reinforcement in concrete is among one major problem that affects the constructions throughout the world. Chloride ion is one of the agents that can induce the corrosion reinforcement in concrete. For this reason, research about the durability of construction materials in severe environments gained space in the scientific community. The use of recycled concrete aggregate as replacement of natural aggregate has been studied to solve the question about non-renewable raw materials. But, these recycled waste as aggregate can increase the concrete porosity and reduce its durability. The rice husk ash has been employed as supplementary material in Portland cement concrete to get a more sustainable concrete and improve its durability, mainly related to chloride ingress. The aim of this research was to study the influence of rice husk ash on the chloride penetration in concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate. The natural coarse aggregates were replaced by recycled concrete aggregates in amounts of 0; 25 and 50%. The rice husk ash was employed as replacement of Portland cement in 0; 10 and 20%. Three water/binder ratios were used in concrete production: 0.42, 0.53 and 0.64. The compressive strength tests were conducted at 7, 28, 63 and 91 days age. The concrete resistance to chloride ingress was tested by the ASTM C1202 test method and by the NT Build 492 test method. The results of all studied properties showed that the use of rice husk ash can improve the concrete resistance against chloride ingress in concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate. This behavior can be attributed to the reduction of the porosity of recycled concrete aggregate due to interaction of rice husk ash with the calcium hydroxide of this aggregate as well as due to micro filler effect. The best performance was obtained in concrete with 50% of recycled concrete aggregate and 20% of rice husk ash. The resistance against chloride ingress in relation to the same concrete without rice husk ash was increased 91% in average when tested by ASTM C1202, and 64% when tested by NT Build 492.

Orientador: Miguel Ángel Ramírez Gil / Resumo: O óxido de grafeno reduzido (OGR) é um nanomaterial que possui propriedades como elevada área superficial e resistência mecânica, e é altamente dispersível em água. A literatura é muito escassa sobre a aplicação deste nanomaterial em materiais da construção civil, como argamassas cimentícias. Este trabalho abordou a influência do OGR nas propriedades mecânicas, físicas e microestruturais em argamassas cimentícias com dosagens já testadas para o óxido de grafeno (OG) 0,03%, 0,05%, 0,07% e 0,09% (em relação ao peso de cimento), em idades de 7, 28 e 91 dias. Com adição de 0,05% de OGR, a resistência à compressão teve aumentos 12,0%, 9,6%, e 7,8%, respectivamente, em todas as idades de cura, em relação a amostra sem adição de OGR. Em relação a resistência à compressão diametral e absorção de água por capilaridade, não houve melhoras aos 7 e 28 dias de cura, somente aos 91 dias, nas amostras com as maiores dosagens de OGR de 0,07% e 0,09%, apresentando um aumento de 16% da resistência à tração por compressão diametral. Na absorção de água por capilaridade aos 91 dias de cura, houve uma redução de 18,2% e 27,3%, com adição de 0,07 e 0,09%, respectivamente. As microestruturas mais favoráveis para bons resultados foram as que os cristais de hidratação se assemelham a bastonetes, lâminas, flocos e cristais lamelares que se sobrepõem tornando-se compactos e/ou densos. / Abstract: Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is a nanomaterial that has properties such as high surface area and strength, it can be highly dispersible in water. The literature is very scarce on the application of this nanomaterial in civil construction materials, such as cement mortar. This work deals with the influence of RGO on the mechanical, physical and microstructural properties of cement mortar with already tested dosages for 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07% and 0.09% graphene oxide (GO) (in relation to the weight of cement), with ages 7, 28 and 91 days. With addition of 0.05% RGO, the resistance of compression had increases of 12.0%, 9.6%, and 7.8%, respectively, in all curing ages, in relation to the sample without addition of RGO. The resistance by diametrical compression and water absorption by capillarity did not improve at 7 and 28 days of cure, only at 91 days of cure, in samples with higher RGO values of 0.07% and 0.09%, there was an average increase of 16.0% in the resistance by diametrical compression. / Mestre

As the microelectronics industry pushes microfabrication processes further, the lab-on-a-chip field has continued to piggy-back off the industry's fabrication capabilities with the goal of producing total chemical and biological systems on small chip-size platforms. One important function of such systems is the ability to perform single molecule detection. There are currently many methods being researched for performing single molecule detection, both macro and micro in scale. This dissertation focuses on an optofluidic, lab-on-a-chip platform called the ARROW biosensor, which possesses several advantages over macro-scale single molecule detection platforms. These advantages include an amplification-free detection scheme, cheap parallel fabrication techniques, rapid single molecule detection results, and extremely low volume sample probing, which leads to ultra-sensitive detection. The ARROW biosensor was conceived in the early 2000s; however, since then it has undergone many design changes to improve and add new functionality to the lab-on-a-chip; however, water absorption in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon dioxide has been a problem that has plagued the biosensor platform for some time. Moisture uptake in the oxide layer of the ARROWs leads to loss of waveguiding confinement and drastically decreases the overall sensitivity of the ARROW biosensors. New ARROW designs were investigated to alleviate the negative water absorption effects in the ARROWs. The new waveguide designs were tested for resiliency to water absorption and the buried ARROW (bARROW) design was determined to be the most successful at preventing negative water absorption effects from occurring in the PECVD oxide waveguides. The bARROWs were integrated into the full biosensor platforms and used to demonstrate high sensitivity single molecule detection without any signs of water absorption affecting the bARROWs' waveguiding capabilities. The bARROW biosensors are not only water resistant, they also proved to be the most sensitive biosensors yet fabricated with average signal-to-noise ratios around 80% higher than any previously fabricated ARROW biosensors.

Slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) was first produced in 1979 in the USA, by incorporating large amounts of steel fiber in molds to form very dense network of fibers. The network is then infiltrated by a fine liquid cement-based slurry or mortar. The steel fiber content can be as high as 30 % by volume. This percentage usually does not exceed 2 % in normal fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) for reasons related to mixing and workability. Due to its high fiber content, SIFCON demonstrates unique and superior mechanical properties in the areas of both strength and ductility. Most of previous research work on SIFCON has focused mainly on investigating the mechanical properties of this material. On the other hand, the studies carried out in the field of durability of SIFCON are quite limited. v Therefore, it seemed that it would be worth to study the various durability aspects of SIFCON. In view of the above, the objectives of this study are to investigate and provide information about durability of SIFCON, mainly permeability, resistance to chloride penetration, freezing and thawing and drying shrinkage. This information will help in providing the necessary database and knowledge about the ability of SIFCON to withstand the conditions for which it has been designed without deterioration, especially when it is intended to be used in aggressive environments The investigations included studying the effects of the following on durability of SIFCON: (i) matrix type (slurry or mortar), (ii) fiber contents (7%, 9.5%, and 12% by volume), and (iii) steel fiber geometry (hooked or crimped). The results obtained indicated that SIFCON, especially when prepared using mortar not slurry, has shown good durability characteristics in spite of its apparent high water absorption. The SIFCON made with the highest possible fiber volume fractions showed the best results. However, it was concluded that SIFCON needs to be protected with suitable low permeability overlays to ensure ideal improved performance by protecting the steel fibers exposed on the surfaces especially against chloride attack.

The focus of the research is on the development of the concept of floating flexible thin film arrays for renewable electricity generation, in marine and lacustrine application areas. This research was motivated by reliability issues from wave energy converters which are prone to large loads due to the environment which they are exposed in; a flexible system would not need to withstand these loads but simply yield to them. The solid state power take off is an advantage of photovoltaic (PV) technology which removes failure risks associated with mechanical machinery, and also potential environmental hazards such as hydraulic oil spillage. The novelty of this technology requires some development before it could even be considered feasible for large scale installation. Techno-economics are a big issue in electricity developments and need to be scoped in order to ensure that they would be cost-competitive in the market and with other technologies. Other more technical issues relate to the change in expected electrical yield due to the modulation of the PV array according to the waves and the electrical performance of the PVs when in wet conditions. Results from numerical modelling of the modulating arrays show that there is not expected variation in electrical yield at central latitudes (slightly positive), although at higher latitudes there could be considerable depreciation. With regards to the electrical performance a notable improvement was measured due to the cooling effect, slight decrease in performance was also estimated due to water absorption (of ~ 1.4%) within the panels. Overall results from both economic and technical analysis show the feasibility of the concept and that it is a possibility for future commercialisation.

Untersuchungen zur Dauerhaftigkeit von ARGlasbewehrung im Textilbeton haben gezeigt, dass durch die Alkalität des Betons in Verbindung mit Feuchtigkeit eine Glaskorrosion hervorgerufen wird, die im Laufe der Zeit zu Festigkeitsverlusten des Glases führt. Eine Möglichkeit, die durch die Glaskorrosion verursachten Festigkeitsverluste zu reduzieren, stellt die Polymermodifikation des Betons dar. Durch die Polymerzugabe wird die Wasseraufnahme der Feinbetonmatrix reduziert, dadurch sinkt der Gehalt an gelösten Alkalien im Bereich der Bewehrung. Um den Einfluss verschiedener Feinbetonmatrices auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Textilbeton beurteilen zu können, sind u. a. zeit- und tiefenabhängige Informationen zur Feuchteverteilung erforderlich, die durch den Einsatz der NMR-Technik gewonnen werden. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt den Feuchtetransport in einer speziell für den Textilbeton entwickelten Feinbetonmatrix sowie den Einfluss verschiedener Modifikationsstoffe auf das Wasseraufnahmeverhalten des Betons. / Durability tests of textile reinforced concrete revealed a loss of strength of the AR-glass reinforcement due to glass corrosion effected by the alkalinity and moisture content of the concrete. In order to reduce this strength loss of AR-glass in cementitious matrices, polymers can be used for concrete modification. The aim of the polymer addition is to reduce the amount of capillary water absorption of the matrix, which reduces the amount of free alkalies closed to the reinforcement. In order to evaluate the effect of the concrete matrix on the durability of TRC, it is necessary to determine the moisture content as functions of time and depth. This data can be obtained by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. This paper deals with the moisture transport in a finegrained concrete matrix especially developed for the use in TRC as well as the influence of polymer addition on the water absorption properties of the concrete matrix.

In diesem Beitrag wird die Wasserabsorption und die Wasserpermeabilität von axial vorbelasteten Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) und biegebelasteten Verbundprüfkörpern (Normalbeton + TRC) im gerissenen Zustand untersucht. Durch in situ Permeabilitätsmessungen wird das dehnungsabhängige Transportverhalten im einaxialen Zugversuch beobachtet und mittels eines analytischen Modells beschrieben. Es besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten zu relevanten Risscharakteristika (Rissanzahl, Rissbreite). Weiterhin wurden Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet. Die Feuchteverteilung in einer gerissenen Normalbetonprobe und einer Verbundprobe (Normalbeton + TRC) wird mit Hilfe der Neutronenstrahlradiographie zeit- und ortsaufgelöst dargestellt. Das Eindringen von Wasser wird anhand der Messungen qualitativ vorgestellt und diskutiert. / In this study water absorption and water permeability were tested on uniaxially preloaded, cracked specimens made of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) and cracked composite specimens (ordinary concrete + TRC) preloaded in bending. The influence of imposed strain on the permeation of water was observed in-situ by using uniaxial tensile tests and described by an analytical model. The transport values for the cracked material correlated with the cracks’ characteristics (number of cracks, crack width). Furthermore, the effect of self-healing phenomena on the transport properties of TRC was considered. The distribution of water in cracked ordinary concrete and cracked composite specimens was studied by means of neutron radiography which provided with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The penetration of water is presented qualitatively and discussed.