Untersuchungen zur Dauerhaftigkeit von ARGlasbewehrung im Textilbeton haben gezeigt, dass durch die Alkalität des Betons in Verbindung mit Feuchtigkeit eine Glaskorrosion hervorgerufen wird, die im Laufe der Zeit zu Festigkeitsverlusten des Glases führt. Eine Möglichkeit, die durch die Glaskorrosion verursachten Festigkeitsverluste zu reduzieren, stellt die Polymermodifikation des Betons dar. Durch die Polymerzugabe wird die Wasseraufnahme der Feinbetonmatrix reduziert, dadurch sinkt der Gehalt an gelösten Alkalien im Bereich der Bewehrung. Um den Einfluss verschiedener Feinbetonmatrices auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Textilbeton beurteilen zu können, sind u. a. zeit- und tiefenabhängige Informationen zur Feuchteverteilung erforderlich, die durch den Einsatz der NMR-Technik gewonnen werden. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt den Feuchtetransport in einer speziell für den Textilbeton entwickelten Feinbetonmatrix sowie den Einfluss verschiedener Modifikationsstoffe auf das Wasseraufnahmeverhalten des Betons. / Durability tests of textile reinforced concrete revealed a loss of strength of the AR-glass reinforcement due to glass corrosion effected by the alkalinity and moisture content of the concrete. In order to reduce this strength loss of AR-glass in cementitious matrices, polymers can be used for concrete modification. The aim of the polymer addition is to reduce the amount of capillary water absorption of the matrix, which reduces the amount of free alkalies closed to the reinforcement. In order to evaluate the effect of the concrete matrix on the durability of TRC, it is necessary to determine the moisture content as functions of time and depth. This data can be obtained by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. This paper deals with the moisture transport in a finegrained concrete matrix especially developed for the use in TRC as well as the influence of polymer addition on the water absorption properties of the concrete matrix.

In diesem Beitrag wird die Wasserabsorption und die Wasserpermeabilität von axial vorbelasteten Prüfkörpern aus textilbewehrtem Beton (TRC) und biegebelasteten Verbundprüfkörpern (Normalbeton + TRC) im gerissenen Zustand untersucht. Durch in situ Permeabilitätsmessungen wird das dehnungsabhängige Transportverhalten im einaxialen Zugversuch beobachtet und mittels eines analytischen Modells beschrieben. Es besteht eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Transportraten von Flüssigkeiten zu relevanten Risscharakteristika (Rissanzahl, Rissbreite). Weiterhin wurden Selbstheilungseffekte von feinen Rissen infolge einer zyklischen Wasserbeaufschlagung beobachtet. Die Feuchteverteilung in einer gerissenen Normalbetonprobe und einer Verbundprobe (Normalbeton + TRC) wird mit Hilfe der Neutronenstrahlradiographie zeit- und ortsaufgelöst dargestellt. Das Eindringen von Wasser wird anhand der Messungen qualitativ vorgestellt und diskutiert. / In this study water absorption and water permeability were tested on uniaxially preloaded, cracked specimens made of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) and cracked composite specimens (ordinary concrete + TRC) preloaded in bending. The influence of imposed strain on the permeation of water was observed in-situ by using uniaxial tensile tests and described by an analytical model. The transport values for the cracked material correlated with the cracks’ characteristics (number of cracks, crack width). Furthermore, the effect of self-healing phenomena on the transport properties of TRC was considered. The distribution of water in cracked ordinary concrete and cracked composite specimens was studied by means of neutron radiography which provided with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The penetration of water is presented qualitatively and discussed.

No description available.

[pt] Os compósitos de matriz polimérica reforçados com fibras se destacam em diversas aplicações industriais, devido as suas características, como baixo custo, baixa densidade e boa resistência mecânica. Porém, o ambiente ao qual o compósito será exposto e a variação de temperatura a qual o compósito é submetido, irão exercer influência no comportamento do material. Estudos sobre as características microestruturais e o comportamento mecânico de compósitos poliméricos com fibras de luffa (Luffa cylindrica) e híbridos (fibra de vidro/luffa) em ambientes úmidos são recentes e, para os compósitos de luffae, principalmente, para os híbridos poucas pesquisas foram realizadas. Assim, com a finalidade de obter materiais com diferentes propriedades e comportamentos, foram fabricados e estudados compósitos com matriz epóxi reforçada com fibras de vidro, fibra de luffae híbridos vidro-luffa. O ensaio de envelhecimento foi realizado em amostras submersas em água destilada em duas temperaturas de envelhecimento (25°C e 60°C). O tempo total de envelhecimento foi de 4 meses (120 dias). Para a avaliação da degradação mecânica foram realizados ensaios não-destrutivos (termografia e ensaio sonoro) e ensaios destrutivos (impacto). O processo de absorção de água nos compósitos também foi avaliado. O presente estudo tem como relevância o preenchimento de lacunas de conhecimento do comportamento de híbridos vidro/luffa, notadamente em ambiente úmido com variação de temperatura. Como resultado, observou-se que o ensaio de envelhecimento indicou que os valores de absorção máxima dos compósitos de fibra de vidro, luffa e híbrido, assim como, seus respectivos coeficientes de difusão mostraram-se condizentes com os valores encontrados na literatura. Os compósitos de fibra de luffa foram os que apresentaram maior valor de absorção. Já os resultados do ensaio de impacto, permitiram identificar os modos de falha e avaliar o efeito entre as temperaturas de envelhecimento. Os compósitos de fibra de vidro tiveram pouca variação da resistência ao impacto antes e após o envelhecimento a 25ºC e a 60ºC. Já os compósitos de fibra de luffa e híbrido apresentaram uma variação considerável antes e após o envelhecimento a 25ºC e 60ºC. O ensaio sonoro permitiu avaliar o efeito do envelhecimento sobre o módulo de elasticidade e o fator de perda. O resultado do ensaio sonoro dos compósitos híbridos mostrou que o módulo de elasticidade e o fator de perda não tiveram diferenças significativas entre os tempos de envelhecimento indicando que a hibridização atuou de modo eficiente para proteger as fibras de luffa. O ensaio de termografia foi usado como uma nova abordagem para avaliar a condutividade térmica dos compósitos. Por fim, conclui-se que a hibridização foi eficiente, pois os compósitos híbridos apresentaram características em relação a absorção, resistência ao impacto e condutividade térmica, intermediárias aos compósitos de fibra de vidro e fibra de luffa e, principalmente a hibridização reduziu de modo significativo a degradação do compósito de luffa quando exposto a ambiente úmidos, além de proporcionar uma alternativa de projeto mais ambientalmente amigável. / [en] Polymer matrix composites reinforced with fibers stand out in various industrial applications due to their characteristics such as low cost, low density, and good mechanical strength. However, the environment to which the composite will be exposed and the temperature variation to which the composite is subjected will influence the material s behavior. Studies on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of polymer composites with Luffa cylindrica fibers and hybrid fibers (glass/luffa) in humid environments are recent, and few studies have been carried out for the Luffa and, especially, the hybrid composites. Thus, in order to obtain materials with different properties and behaviors, composites were fabricated and studied with an epoxy matrix reinforced with glass fibers, Luffa fibers, and glass-Luffa hybrids. The aging test was carried out on samples submerged in distilled water at two aging temperatures (25°C and 60°C). The total aging time was 4 months (120 days). Non-destructive tests (thermography and sound test) and destructive tests (impact) were performed to evaluate mechanical degradation. The water absorption process in the composites was also evaluated. The present study is relevant to filling knowledge gaps in the behavior of glass/luffa hybrids, especially in a humid environment with temperature variation. As a result, it was observed that the aging test indicated that the maximum absorption values of the glass, Luffa, and hybrid fiber composites, as well as their respective diffusion coefficients, were consistent with the values found in the literature. The Luffa fiber composites had the highest absorption value. The results of the impact test allowed for the identification of failure modes and the evaluation of the effect between aging temperatures. The glass fiber composites had little variation in impact strength before and after aging at 25°C and 60°C. The Luffa and hybrid fiber composites showed considerable variation before and after aging at 25°C and 60°C. The sound test allowed for the evaluation of the aging effect on the modulus of elasticity and loss factor. The sound test results for the hybrid composites showed that the modulus of elasticity and loss factor had no significant differences between aging times, indicating that hybridization efficiently protected the luffafibers. The thermography test was used as a new approach to evaluate the thermal conductivity of the composites. Finally, it is concluded that hybridization was efficient because the hybrid composites had characteristics regarding absorption, impact resistance, and thermal conductivity that were intermediate between glass and Luffa fiber composites, and mainly hybridization significantly reduced the degradation of the Luffa composite when exposed to humid environments, as well as providing a more environmentally friendly design alternative.

Aim of this study was to describe capillary water and vapor transport in shallow subsurface of Hrubá Skála sandstone in the Bohemian Paradise. I have quantified permeability of Hrubá Skála sandstone for water vapor using "wet cup" method and also capillary water absorption of sandstone drill cores. I have found out general rules of evaporation and rate of evaporation from several sandstone outcrops in real microclimate. Important part of my work was to determine whether surface crust plays some role in studied parameters. Based on my results, permeability of different types of sandstones for water vapor does not vary significantly and surface crust has no effect on rate of water vapor diffusion. Rate of capillary water absorption is reduced by surface crust. Hrubá Skála sandstone is classified as medium or highly absorbing material. I have proved that evaporation from porous medium can be approximated by exponential function. Rate of evaporation is strongly controlled by climatic conditions, especially by relative humidity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Le soudage du bois est une technique d'assemblage sans adhésif de deux pièces de bois, leur soudure étant produite par friction mécanique sous pression des deux pièces. Ce procédé, applicable à des pièces de bois plates, d'essences identiques ou différentes, se prête à la fabrication de meubles et à la menuiserie. Cependant, le joint obtenu n'est pas de classe "extérieur", ce qui le réserve à un usage "intérieur". En effet, un joint destiné à une utilisation extérieure ou en milieu à humidité variable doit présenter une résistance élevée à l'eau. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier la résistance à l'eau du bois soudé. A cet effet, des méthodes d'essais complémentaires et non-destructrices ont été utilisées, comme le scanner ou l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM). L'influence des paramètres de soudage et des propriétés du bois sur, d'une part, la formation et la propagation des fissures dans la ligne de soudure, et sur, d'autre part, la densité et l'absorption d'eau de la soudure a été ainsi étudiée. Les expériences de cette thèse seront menées sur des échantillons de pin (Pinus sylvestris) de dimensions 200 mm x20 mm x 40 mm, coupés dans la direction longitudinale du fil du bois. La Norme Européenne EN 205 a servi de cadre pour déterminer la résistance des échantillons de pin en traction-cisaillement. Les méthodes d'essais (non-destructrices) ont été utilisées selon leur pertinence: le scanner a servi à étudier la formation et la propagation des fissures; l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) a permis quant à elle de caractériser la pénétration et l'infiltration d'eau dans le bois soudé.Le mécanisme d'adhérence du pin a été étudié grâce à la RMN MAS (spectrométrie à résonance magnétique nucléaire avec polarisation croisée et rotation à l?angle magique) du carbone13 et à la micro-densitométrie par rayons X. Ces différentes méthodes, non destructrices, offrent l'avantage d'une analyse non invasive et l'élimination de facteurs parasites liés à la préparation et à la coupe du bois. Voici en résumé les résultats obtenus les plus marquants: (1) Le scanner et l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) sont des méthodes de recherche particulièrement polyvalentes et adaptées à l'étude des bois soudés. (2) L'utilisation de bois de coeur, une pression de soudage de 1.3 Mpa et un temps de soudage de 1.5 s permettent d'augmenter la résistance à l'eau du pin soudé. (3) Des tests d'optimisation ont montré que la résistance du pin en traction-cisaillement est plus sensible aux variations de temps de soudage qu'au temps de refroidissement et qu'elle peut être optimisée à plus de 9.7 MPa en respectant une pression de 1.3 Mpa, un temps de soudage > 3.5 s et un temps de refroidissement < 60 s. (4) La résistance à l'eau du bois soudé peut être améliorée dans une certaine mesure en faisant varier paramètres de soudage et propriétés des essences, mais dans tous les cas, le recours à un imperméabilisant naturel et écologique reste nécessaire. (5) Le pin soudé possède une résistance à l'eau et en traction-cisaillement inhabituellement élevée, cela pouvant s'expliquer par une teneur en composés extractifs augmentée. (6) Des essais sous IRM ont montré que les causes de rupture du joint varient suivant l'essence: faible résistance à l'eau de la ligne de soudure dans le cas du hêtre soudé, retrait et expansion du bois dans le cas du pin soudé. (7) Les extractifs du pin améliorent nettement la résistance à l'eau du joint soudé, mais à un niveau qui ne lui permet cependant pas la certification "extérieur" sans protection. En revanche, il peut être certifié "semi-extérieur" avec protection. / Wood welding is a mechanical friction process allowing the assembly of timber without any adhesives. The process consists of applying mechanical friction, under pressure, alternately to the two wood surfaces to be welded. This process can be applied to weld two flat pieces of timber, originating from the same or different tree species, and can be used in the manufacture of furniture and wood joinery. The only limitation is that the joint is not exterior-grade, but only suitable for interior joints. Exterior use, or use in an environment with varying humidity demands water resistance of the welded joints. The main objective of this thesis is to study the water resistance of the welded wood. This is complemented with special attention to non-destructive test methods such as X-ray Computed Tomography (CT-) scanning and Magnetic Resolution Imaging (MRI). The influence of welding parameters and wood properties on crack formation and crack propagation in the weldline was investigated. The influence of these parameters on weldline density and water absorption in the weldline were also studied. Investigations in this thesis are based on welded samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) of the dimensions 200 mm × 20 mm × 40 mm which were cut in the longitudinal direction of the wood grain. The tensile-shear strength of the welded Scots pine samples were determined using European standard EN 205. Different non-destructive methods such as X-ray Computed Tomography (CT-) scanning to study crack formation and propagation, and magnetic Resolution Imaging (MRI) to characterize water penetration and the distribution mechanism in welded wood were used. Solid state CPMAS 13C NMR spectrometry and X-ray microdensitometry investigations were carried out to study the mechanism of adhesion in Scots pine. These various non-destructive methods offer the advantage of non-invasive analysis and the elimination of any artifacts present due to preparation and sectioning. The most important results are summarized as follows: (1) X-ray Computed Tomography (CT-) scanning and Magnetic Resolution Imaging (MRI) are versatile research methods applicable to investigations of welded woods. (2) Water resistance of welded Scots pine can be increased using heartwood, a welding pressure of 1.3 MPa, and a welding time of 1.5 s. (3) Optimization tests showed that the tensile-shear strength of Scots pine was more sensitive to welding time changes than holding time and could be optimized to more than 9.7 MPa using 1.3 MPa welding pressure, > 3.5 s welding time, and < 60 s holding time. (4) Changing welding parameters and wood properties can increase water resistance of welded wood to some extent, but treating the weldline with certain natural and environmentally-friendly water repellents is still necessary. (5) Welded Scots pine shows unusually high water resistance and tensile-shear strength. This may be explained by there being more extractives compounds in Scots pine. (6) MRI experiments showed that the origin of the joint failure in welded beech is poor water resistance of the weldline, while swelling and shrinkage of wood are the main reasons for joint failure of welded Scots pine. (7) Extractives in Scots pine dramatically improve water resistance of the welded joint, but not to a level to classify the joint as an unprotected exterior grade. However, it can qualify as a joint for protected semi-exterior application.

Les falaises sont les derniers écosystèmes vierges de la zone tempérée. Elles représentent un réservoir de biodiversité et un refuge pour de nombreuses espèces végétales et peuvent abriter des espèces longévives. Dans le bassin méditerranéen, la rareté des populations anciennes et naturelles et même celle d’arbres isolés qui atteignent des âges importants s’explique par l’existence d’une pression anthropique forte depuis environ 10 000 ans. Pourtant, dans les gorges de l’Ardèche (sud de la France), des populations de Juniperus phoenicea en falaise présentent toutes les classes d’âges y compris des individus millénaires. Les falaises abritent de façon régulière des vieux arbres qui peuvent être identifiés à l’aide de critères morphologiques visuels. Néanmoins, les parois rocheuses imposent aux arbres qui s’y développent des contraintes importantes liées à la verticalité et à la compacité du substrat. Le sol y est absent ou très réduit et cela entraîne un apport en eau et en nutriments qui peut également être limité. De plus, la verticalité du milieu entraîne de nombreuses chutes de pierres qui blessent ou tuent les arbres. Les genévriers de Phénicie qui colonisent ces milieux très contraignants, répondent à cette pression par un très faible taux de croissance, une mortalité partielle de l’appareil aérien et du cambium, des caractéristiques morphologiques foliaires adaptées à la sécheresse, une capacité à utiliser l’eau des brouillards et des petites pluies qui mouillent uniquement le feuillage et ils possèdent également des communautés de champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules adaptées à ce milieu et ce tout en pouvant atteindre des longévités exceptionnelles. / The cliffs are the last virgin ecosystems of the temperate zone. They represent a reservoir of biodiversity and a refuge for many plant and animal species and can harbor long-lived species. In the Mediterranean basin, the scarcity of old and natural forest populations and even that of isolated trees reaching great ages is explained by the existence of a strong anthropogenic pressure for about 10 000 years. However, in the gorges of the Ardèche (southern France), populations of Juniperus phoenicea in cliffs present all age classes including millennial individuals. Beyond this, the cliffs regularly shelter old trees that can be identified using visual morphological criteria. Nevertheless, the rock walls impose important stresses on the trees which develop therein due to the verticality and the compactness of the substrate. The soil is absent or very reduced and this leads to a supply of water and nutrients which can also be limited. Moreover, the verticality of the environment causes many rockfalls that injure or kill the trees. Juniperus phoenicea which colonize these very restrictive habitat respond to the pressure of such a medium by a very low growth rate, a partial mortality of the aerial system and the cambium, the leaf morphological characteristics adapted to the drought, the ability to use water from mists and small rains that only wet the foliage, and they also have arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community adapted to this environment, while at the same time achieving exceptional longevity.

Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit sont consacrés à l'élaboration et l’étude des propriétés physiques et thermiques d’une nouvelle génération de composites bois/polymère.Ils sont composés d’une matrice bio-sourcé le pebax®, qui est un thermoplastique élastomèreet de farine de bois de production locale, issue du pin maritime. La matrice pebax® a été choisie car elle présente plusieurs avantages, notamment, une élongation avant ruptureimportante, un point de fusion inférieur à 200°C pour éviter la dégradation du bois au coursde la mise en oeuvre et un caractère hydrophile améliorant l’affinité entre la matrice et lerenfort. Les composites ont été élaborés par extrusion bi-vis et injectés sous forme d’haltèresnormalisées pour les tests mécaniques. Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons montré la bonne qualité de l’interface entre le bois et la matrice, permettant de s'affranchir de l’utilisation d’agents compatibilisants. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence une forte amélioration de la stabilité thermique des composites sous atmosphère oxydante par rapport à celle de la matrice et du bois séparément. Les caractérisations mécaniques et rhéologiques effectuées sur les composites ont permis de montrer l’effet rigidifiant de la farine de bois avec un taux critique entre 20% et 30% de charges pour lequel le comportement des composites évolue d’un type élastomérique à celui de solide moins ductile. La dernière partie des travaux a été consacrée à l’évaluation de la prise en eau des composites. En accord avec les travaux de la littérature, nous avons montré une augmentation de la prise en eau avec le taux de bois. De plus, nous avons démontré que le début de l’absorption d’eau de nos composites suit un mécanisme de diffusion de type Fickien. / The physical properties and thermal stability of a new family of wood polymer composites (WPC) using a bio-based thermoplastic elastomer matrix (pebax® copolymers) were studied. The matrix is a polyether-b-amide thermoplastic elastomer which presents an important elongation at break, a melting point below 200°C which helps prevent degradation of wood fibres. The hydrophilic character of pebax® leads to a good interaction with wood fibres. We have chosen several types of wood flour as reinforcement agent, focusing on wood flour from maritime pine. Composites compounds were made using a laboratory twin screw extruder prior to injection molding to obtain tensile test samples. We have demonstrated the good quality of the interface between wood fibres and matrix, without using any specific compatibilizing agent. Most importantly, we have pointed out a strong improvement of thermal stability of composites under air atmosphere, compared with the behaviour of the matrix or wood separately. We have also characterized the mechanical properties of these composites. The resulting data show an improvement of the tensile modulus with increasing wood content and a decrease of elongation at break, with a behaviour change from elastomeric to less stretchable solid behaviour between 20% and 30% of wood content.The last part of our work was dedicated to the evaluation of water absorption of thecomposites at different wood content. We have shown an increase of water absorption withincreasing wood content and we demonstrated a Fickian diffusion process at the onset ofwater absorption.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T14:33:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016- Rodolfo Cond? Fernandes.pdf: 1891258 bytes, checksum: d3f6f4175d22736ad9299a9acbcef3c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T14:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016- Rodolfo Cond? Fernandes.pdf: 1891258 bytes, checksum: d3f6f4175d22736ad9299a9acbcef3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Cap. I The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, nodulation, production and technological analysis of grains of common bean cultivars under organic and conventional fertilization. Two field experiments were conducted at the research site of Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica - RJ, during April and July 2013 and April and August 2014. A 4x4 factorial split plot design (4 bean cultivars and 4 fertilization) with four replications was used, the fertilizations in the plots and cultivars in the subplots. The cultivars were Apor?, Constanza, Manteig?o e Valente. The fertilizer treatments were: absolute control, chemical fertilizer and two levels of cattle manure applied at planting and castor seed meal applied at top dressed. The subplots were 4 lines of 4 m spaced by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. The seeds were inoculated with rhizobium commercial inoculant for bean with peat as a means of inoculation. Plants were sampled at two growth stages, for biomass and nodulation at flowering, and for grain yield and yield components at maturity of each cultivar. In order to determine the influence of fertilization on the cooking time and grain water absorption, a field experiment was carried out When? with 6 bean cultivars with chemical or organic fertilization. In both years, the lower dose of organic fertilizer had higher nodulation than higher organic dose and the control treatment and chemical fertilizer did not differ between themselves and had the lowest values for number and mass of nodules. In both years, cultivars Apor? and Valente showed higher number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index than the other cultivars. However, there were no differences between cultivars for grain yield in the two years. Organic fertilization associated with inoculation in the two years provided yields ranging from 209.9 to 262.4 g m-2, considered satisfactory and similar to those obtained by chemical fertilizer, arising as a promising technology. The organic fertilization provided N, P, K and Mg contents in grains similar to treatment with chemical fertilization. At experiment of 2015, the percentage of water absorption in grains and baking time was higher in beans that received chemical fertilizers for most cultivars Cap. II The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in small growing areas, coupled with the use of technologies that provide a reduction in the production cost and increase the economic returns of farmers, demand the identification of cultivars better suited to this type of management and accepted in the regional consumer market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of different bean cultivars of different types of commercial grain and the techniques of low cost management used by family farmers in Cachoeiras de Macacu region - RJ. Two experiments were conducted between April and July 2014 (winter crop) in two family farm properties. The sites were "Dois Irm?os" and "Santa Monica". Five bean cultivars were evaluated at ?Dois Irm?os? (Constanza, Kaboon, Manteig?o, Radiante and Valente) and two fertilization treatments (chemistry fertilizer at farmers? applied rate and organic fertilizer). At the Santa Monica site 6 cultivars were evaluated (Valente, Constanza, Radiante, Bolinha, Pitanga and Jalo Precoce) without any fertilization, with four replicates per treatment. The plots were spaced lines of 4 m by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. Seeds were inoculated with peat based commercial rhizobia inoculants. At maturity, grains of each cultivar were harvested from an area of 2 m2 in the two central lines of each plot for productivity assessment. Grain yield of the five cultivars did not differ among the fertilizer treatments at ?Dois Irm?os?. Grain production of the six cultivars did not differ from each other at ?Santa Monica?. The Valente and Radiante cultivars reached the highest production for the two sites; ?Dois Irm?os? and ?Santa Monica?, respectively. In general, all cultivars showed good performance for the different types of management, with average yield above 2000 kg ha-1 in the two properties. Technique of inoculation of seeds with rhizobia was well evaluated by farmers by the ease implementation and low cost of deployment. / Cap. I O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, produ??o e a an?lise tecnol?gica de gr?os de cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris), sob aduba??o org?nica e convencional. Dois experimentos foram realizados em campo na Embrapa Agrobiologia, em Serop?dica ? RJ, entre abril e julho de 2013 e abril e agosto de 2014, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x4 em parcelas subdivididas (4 cultivares e 4 tipos de aduba??o) com quatro repeti??es, as aduba??es dispostas nas parcelas e as cultivares nas subparcelas. Foram utilizadas as cultivares Apor?, Constanza, Manteig?o e Valente. Os tratamentos de aduba??o foram testemunha absoluta, aduba??o qu?mica e duas doses de aduba??o org?nica com esterco bovino no sulco de plantio e torta de mamona em cobertura. As subparcelas foram constitu?das por 4 linhas de 4 m espa?adas de 0,5 m, empregando-se 12 sementes por metro linear. As sementes foram inoculadas com inoculante comercial contendo riz?bio para feijoeiro com turfa como meio de inocula??o. Efetuaram-se duas amostragens, uma de biomassa e nodula??o na flora??o e outra na matura??o dos gr?os de cada cultivar para avalia??o do rendimento e componentes de produ??o. No mesmo campo experimental, com o objetivo de se determinar a influ?ncia do manejo sobre a qualidade tecnol?gica dos gr?os, instalou-se um ensaio a campo, entre setembro e dezembro de 2015, para produzir gr?os de 6 cultivares comerciais de feijoeiro comum, sob 2 tipos de aduba??o, qu?mica e org?nica. Comparando-se as m?dias da nodula??o quanto ao tipo de aduba??o Nos dois anos, a menor dose de aduba??o org?nica apresentou valores superiores de nodula??o que a maior dose org?nica e, por sua vez os tratamentos testemunha e aduba??o qu?mica n?o diferiram entre si e apresentaram os menores valores para o n?mero e massa de n?dulos. Nos dois anos, as cultivares Apor? e Valente apresentaram valores superiores de n?mero de vagens por planta, n?mero de gr?os por vagem e ?ndice de colheita que as demais. Entretanto n?o houve diferen?as das cultivares para a 19 produ??o de gr?os os dois anos avaliados. A aduba??o org?nica associada ? inocula??o nos dois anos proporcionou rendimentos variando de 209,9 a 262,4 g m-2, considerados satisfat?rios e semelhantes aos obtidos pela aduba??o qu?mica, mostrando-se uma tecnologia promissora. As aduba??es org?nicas proporcionaram conte?dos de N, P, K e Mg nos gr?os similares ao tratamento com aduba??o qu?mica. No experimento de 2015, a porcentagem de absor??o de ?gua nos gr?os e o tempo de cozimento foram menores quando os gr?os foram provenientes da aduba??o org?nica para a maioria das cultivares. Cap. II A produ??o de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em pequenas ?reas de cultivo, aliado ao uso de tecnologias que proporcionem redu??o no custo de produ??o e aumento do retorno econ?mico para o agricultor, demanda a identifica??o de cultivares melhor adaptadas a este tipo de manejo e aceita??o no mercado consumidor regional. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a produ??o de diferentes cultivares de feijoeiro, de diferentes tipos comerciais de gr?o, e a utiliza??o t?cnicas de manejo de baixo custo por agricultores familiares da regi?o de Cachoeiras de Macacu ? RJ. Dois experimentos foram realizados entre abril e julho de 2014 (safra de inverno), em duas propriedades sob agricultura familiar, os s?tios ?Dois Irm?os? e ?Santa M?nica?. No s?tio Dois Irm?os adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2 x 5 (2 aduba??es e 5 cultivares), as aduba??es dispostas nas parcelas e as cultivares nas subparcelas. Foram avaliadas as cultivares (Constanza, Kaboon, Manteig?o, Radiante, Valente) sob os tratamentos de aduba??o (qu?mica praticada pelo agricultor e org?nica), com quatro repeti??es por tratamento. Para o s?tio Santa M?nica, adotou-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es, onde foram avaliadas 6 cultivares (Valente, Constanza, Radiante, Bolinha, Pitanga e Jalo Precoce) sem nenhum tipo de aduba??o. Em ambos experimentos, as parcelas foram constitu?das por linhas de 4 m espa?adas de 0,5 m, empregando-se 12 sementes por metro linear, cujas sementes foram inoculadas com inoculante comercial com riz?bio para feijoeiro, com turfa como meio de inocula??o. Na matura??o dos gr?os de cada cultivar, foi colhida uma ?rea de 2 m2 nas duas linhas centrais de cada parcela para avalia??o da produtividade. No S?tio dois Irm?os, a produ??o de gr?os das cinco cultivares n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos aduba??o org?nica e aduba??o qu?mica. No S?tio Santa M?nica, a produ??o de gr?os das seis cultivares n?o diferiu entre si. As cultivares Valente e Radiante atingiram a maior produ??o no S?tio Dois Irm?os e no 57 S?tio Santa M?nica, respectivamente. Em geral, nas duas propriedades, todas as cultivares avaliadas apresentaram bom desempenho para os diferentes tipos de manejo, com rendimento m?dio acima de 2 000 kg ha-1. A t?cnica de inocula??o das sementes com riz?bio foi bem avaliada pelos agricultores, pela facilidade de execu??o e pelo baixo custo de implanta??o.

[pt] Um tipo de resina epoxídica (RE) foi modificada com polibutadieno líquido hidroxilado (PBLH) a partir da mistura física de ambos os componentes (EPH) ou a partir da obtenção de copolímeros em bloco da resina epoxídica com PBLH funcionalizado com grupos isocianato (EPI) e carboxila (EPA). Foi realizado um estudo do comportamento mecânico desses sistemas epoxídicos, após a cura com um endurecedor a base de aminas, antes e após envelhecimento. Também foram avaliadas as propriedades adesivas, antes e após envelhecimento, através de ensaios com juntas de topo e juntas sobrepostas simples fabricadas com esses adesivos e com substratos de aço. O estudo do envelhecimento abrangeu absorção de água a temperatura ambiente e envelhecimento térmico. Foi possível concluir que a condição de pós-cura estabelecida em um trabalho anterior não acarretou na densidade máxima de ligações cruzadas dos sistemas e isto afetou o comportamento dos mesmos após os envelhecimentos. Para as condições de cura e pós-cura aplicadas, a água, no período de tempo estudado, acarretou na plastificação dos sistemas, mas não afetou as propriedades adesivas das juntas fabricadas com os adesivos RE, EPA e EPI. Já o tratamento de envelhecimento térmico a 150oC por 7 dias acarretou na queda de algumas propriedades mecânicas, mas teve o efeito distinto de melhorar as propriedades adesivas das juntas fabricadas com EPI, EPH e EPA em relação à carga de ruptura, todavia resultando num aumento da rigidez efetiva dessas juntas. / [en] A kind of epoxy resin was modified with hydroxyl- terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), using a physical blend of both components (EPH) or using a block copolymer of HTPB-RE. The block copolymers were prepared by reacting RE with isocyanate-funcionalized HTPB (EPI) or carboxyl- funcionalized HTPB (EPA). The cure agent was a blend of amines. A study of the mechanical behavior of these systems was carried out, before and after aging. Also the adhesive properties were evaluated, before and after aging, testing bonded joints (both butt and single-lap) manufactured with these adhesives and employing a steel adherent. This ageing study enclosed water absorption, at ambient temperature, and thermal aging. It can be concluded that the condition of post-cure, established in a previous work, did not promote the maximum crosslink density of the systems and this affected the behavior of these systems after aging. Considering the conditions of cure and post-cure and the period of time applied in this work, the water caused the plasticization of the systems, but it did not affect the adhesive properties of the joints manufactured with the adhesives RE, EPA and EPI. Considering the thermal aging treatment at 150oC during 7 days, it caused the decrease of some mechanical properties, but it had the distinct effect to improve the adhesive properties of the joints manufactured with EPI, EPH and EPA regarding the rupture load, however resulting in an increase of the joints stiffness.