The effectiveness of Boil Water Advisories (BWAs) as a public health risk management tool is increasingly being questioned. Newfoundland and Labrador's zero-risk policy for issuing BWAs on public drinking water systems has resulted in over 210 active BWAs annually, the majority classified as long-term BWAs. BWAs are more likely to occur on small systems, in communities with low economic capacity, and in communities without a certified operator. No relationship was found relating confirmed cases of water-related illness to BWAs. Quantifiable health risk associated with BWAs was evaluated using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). Data on source water pathogen concentrations and epidemiological data was used to evaluate and calibrate the QMRA Model. The study demonstrated the application of QMRA in determining whether health risk warranted issuing a BWA. Eleven recommendations were made on how the province could adopt QMRA in establishing an alternative drinking water risk management and advisory framework.

abstract: Recently, a student in a Maricopa County, Arizona area school district drowned during a physical education class, resulting in a heightened awareness of school aquatics safety guidelines. The goal of this study was to use Wenger's idea of nurturing a Community of Practice (CoP) with the existing physical education CoP at GFJRHS (school pseudonym), to examine the current curriculum and enhance the program and safety standards. The study duration was a five-week period; the participants were 7th grade males. This action research addressed the following questions: 1.)To what extent does the new swim curriculum increase students' (a) self-efficacy for swimming, (b) self-efficacy for water safety, (c) perception of swim skills, and (d) perception of water safety skills? 2.) How, and to what extent, do students value different observational learning techniques presented during the swim unit? 3.) To what extent does the new swim curriculum increase students' swimming capabilities? 4.) How does working as a Community of Practice influence implementing an enhanced swim curriculum? 5.) What challenges and improvements do participants report during the enhanced curriculum? A triangulation mixed methods design was used to determine whether observational learning techniques and mini aquatics safety lessons incorporated into the curriculum improved students' swimming ability, self-efficacy, and safety knowledge. Pre-and post-test swim assessments, pre- and post-test surveys, focus group interviews and researcher journal observations provided data for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to integrate the strengths of the varied forms of research. Cronbach's coefficient α was computed for the reliability of the survey and a multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine whether the new swim curriculum increased students' self-efficacy for swimming, self-efficacy for water safety, perception of swim skills, perception of water safety skills, and swimming capabilities. Results of this study indicated students' self-efficacy and perception of water safety skills increased, students' ability and perception of swimming skills increased, students valued all observational learning techniques, and teachers felt that functioning as a CoP was crucial to the process. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2014

A Water Safety Plan for Extreme Events - PSAEE, has the purpose of description the procedures in potentially critical situations due to the occurrence of extreme weather events (droughts and floods). Provides the developing of preventive actions and contingency plan as a way to mitigate the effects of these phenomena. Will be developed in different and complementary steps, aiming anticipation, recognition and risk assessment, identification and monitoring of vulnerable regions and the implementation of a warning network against Floods and Droughts. The present document describes guidelines for structuring a Water Safety Plan for Extreme Events, Floods and Droughts, structured in five (05) steps; 1. Preliminary Steps, 2 Diagnostic System; 3 Operational Monitoring; 4. Management Plans and 5.Validation and Verification. As a case study, the document analyzed the process of implementing the Situation Room of the Water Resources Management Company of Cearà - COGERH , also presenting some suggestion of a Work Plan for the Situation Room, which will serve as a Management Center of Extreme Hydrological Events for the State of CearÃ, Brazil. / Um Plano de SeguranÃa de Ãgua para Eventos Extremos â PSAEE, tem como objetivo a descriÃÃo de procedimentos em situaÃÃes potencialmente criticas devido a ocorrÃncia de eventos climÃticos extremos (Secas e Cheias). Prevà o desenvolvendo de aÃÃes preventivas e plano de contingÃncia como forma de mitigar os efeitos destes fenÃmenos. Serà desenvolvido em etapas distintas e complementares, visando a antecipaÃÃo, reconhecimento e avaliaÃÃo de riscos, a identificaÃÃo e monitoramento de regiÃes vulnerÃveis, a implementaÃÃo de rede de alerta contra Cheias e Secas. O presente trabalho descreve diretrizes para estruturaÃÃo de um Plano de SeguranÃa de Ãgua para Eventos Extremos, Cheias e Secas, estruturado em 05 (cinco) etapas; 1. Etapas Preliminares, 2. DiagnÃstico do Sistema; 3. Monitoramento Operacional; 4. Planos de GestÃo e 5. ValidaÃÃo e VerificaÃÃo. Como estudo de caso, o trabalho analisou o processo de implantaÃÃo da Sala de SituaÃÃo da Companhia de GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos do Cearà â COGERH, apresentando, tambÃm, sugestÃo de um Plano de Trabalho para a Sala de SituaÃÃo, a qual servirà de Centro de GestÃo de Eventos Extremos HidrolÃgicos para o Estado do CearÃ, Brasil.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-03-15T17:23:02Z No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015.pdf: 1948227 bytes, checksum: c3c87600aa30f0048b56fd72d588d73b (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Misto.doc: 266752 bytes, checksum: c16374ac18c0b62729ec2e1ee410900a (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Subterrâneo.doc: 143872 bytes, checksum: 0ad941014880c6e9c08f4f8d4383ecd7 (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Superficial.doc: 268800 bytes, checksum: c74e02c904962b746dfd07e41437fbc6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-16T11:28:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015.pdf: 1948227 bytes, checksum: c3c87600aa30f0048b56fd72d588d73b (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Misto.doc: 266752 bytes, checksum: c16374ac18c0b62729ec2e1ee410900a (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Subterrâneo.doc: 143872 bytes, checksum: 0ad941014880c6e9c08f4f8d4383ecd7 (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Superficial.doc: 268800 bytes, checksum: c74e02c904962b746dfd07e41437fbc6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-16T11:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015.pdf: 1948227 bytes, checksum: c3c87600aa30f0048b56fd72d588d73b (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Misto.doc: 266752 bytes, checksum: c16374ac18c0b62729ec2e1ee410900a (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Subterrâneo.doc: 143872 bytes, checksum: 0ad941014880c6e9c08f4f8d4383ecd7 (MD5) Dissertação - Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira Braga - 2015 - Planilha Superficial.doc: 268800 bytes, checksum: c74e02c904962b746dfd07e41437fbc6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / Water supply systems (WSS) for human consumption aim to produce and supply drinking water to the population through the distribution network. However, the need to revise the actuals methodological procedures that maintain the water quantity and water quality in satisfactory levels for domestic consumption has caused the World Health Organization to propose a new methodology called Water Safety Plan (WSP), still incipient at state of Goiás. In this way, this study aims to propose Safety Plan of Water to 21 cities located at the state of Goiás that presenting WSS managed by local governments. The study was divided into two chapters. The first chapter characterized the WSS of this 21 cities in the state of Goiás, including the collect, treatment and distribution of treated water, and identified ways of managing providers of sanitation services. It was observed that 61% of the supply systems provide by surface water supply system (SWSS). Mixed water supply systems (MWSS) and underground water supply system (UWSS) found up to 50% non-specific departments and 50% for the departments, respectively. Regarding the source of supply, it was noted that the worst results for the quality of supply source were assigned by the WSS managed by non-specific sanitary services departments. Only the cities Abadiânia, Corumbá de Goiás, Mineiros, Rio Quente, Trombas, Caldas Novas, Catalão, Panamá and Senador Canedo add fluorine to their treated water. In relation of the reservation and distribution system of treated water, there is the prevalence of elevated tanks. The worst scenarios for the reservation system and treated water distribution were found at the cities Cachoeira de Goiás, Guarinos, Mossâmedes, Nova Roma, Paranaiguara and São Simão. It was concluded that the WSS have diverse scenarios regarding the treatment of the water and the planning monitoring and maintenance of them are deficient. The second chapter identified the elements of risk perceived by the population associated with water resources. They evaluated the dangerous events by qualitative and quantitative techniques applied to goianos WSS managed by the own cities. The WSS were evaluated by collect system component, raw water reservoir and adduction (A); water treatment system (B); reservation system and distribution of treated water (C). The studied cities that have more high and very high risk, considering all components of the systems, are Cachoeira de Goiás, Guarinos, Mossâmedes, Nova Roma, Paranaiguara and São Simão. Regarding the UWSS, it seems that the A system component registered the same percentage to Cachoeira de Goiás and Guarinos. The B and C system components registered 62.5% and 50% at Cachoeira de Goiás and 75% and 78.5 % at Guarinos. The MWSS with the highest percentage of high and very high risks were situated at the cities Santa Rita do Novo Destino and Nova Roma (52.4 % for question A). Mossâmedes and Nova Roma were the cities that had the highest number of high risks and too high risks for the components B and C in MWSS. The cities Paranaiguara and São Simão had UWSS with the highest number of high and very high risk. The WSS at cities in the state of Goiás managed by the own cities feature deficiencies in the safe management of the water distributed to the population. It is necessary to adopt methodologies that addresses all components of the WSS regardless of system type. / Sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA) para consumo humano tem o objetivo de produzir e fornecer água potável à população por meio de rede de distribuição. Entretanto, a necessidade de rever os procedimentos metodológicos existentes para a manutenção da quantidade e qualidade da água em níveis satisfatórios para o consumo da população fez com que a Organização Mundial de Saúde propusesse uma nova metodologia denominada Plano de Segurança da Água (PSA), ainda incipiente no Estado de Goiás. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetiva propor Plano de Segurança da Água aos 21 municípios do Estado de Goiás que apresentam SAA geridos pelas prefeituras. O estudo foi dividido em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo caracterizou os SAA de 21 municípios do Estado de Goiás operados pelas prefeituras, abrangendo a captação, o tratamento e a distribuição da água tratada, além de verificar as formas de gestão dos prestadores dos serviços de saneamento. Observou-se que quanto à gestão dos SAA, predominam-se as autarquias com 61% para sistema de abastecimento de água superficial (SAAS). Já nos sistemas de abastecimento de água misto (SAAS) e sistema de abastecimento de água subterrâneo (SAASU) constataram-se 50% para secretarias não específicas e 50% para os departamentos, respectivamente. Em relação à fonte de abastecimento, nota-se que os piores resultados para a qualidade da fonte de abastecimento são atribuídos aos SAA geridos por secretarias não específicas para os serviços de saneamento. Em relação ao sistema de tratamento de água, os municípios de Abadiânia, Corumbá de Goiás, Mineiros, Rio Quente e Trombas para SAAS e Caldas Novas, Catalão, Panamá e Senador Canedo para SAAM realizam fluoretação independente do método empregado para tratar a água. Quanto ao sistema de reservação e distribuição de água tratada, nota-se o predomínio dos reservatórios elevados. Os piores cenários para o sistema de reservação como de distribuição de água tratada foram encontrados em Cachoeira de Goiás e Guarinos; Mossâmedes e Nova Roma e Paranaiguara e São Simão. Concluiu-se que os SAA apresentam cenários diversificados em relação ao tratamento da água, deficitários quanto ao planejamento de ações de monitoramento e manutenção dos SAA. O segundo capítulo identificou os elementos de risco perceptíveis pela população associados aos recursos hídricos. Foram avaliados os eventos perigosos mediante técnicas quali-quantitativas aplicadas aos SAA goianos geridos pelas prefeituras. Os SAA foram avaliados por componente do sistema em captação, reservatório e adução de água bruta (A); sistema de tratamento de água (B); sistema de reservação e distribuição de água tratada (C). Entre os municípios estudados que possuem maior número de riscos altos e muito altos, considerando todos os componentes dos sistemas, destacam-se: Cachoeira de Goiás, Guarinos, Mossâmedes, Nova Roma, Paranaiguara e São Simão. Em relação ao SAAS, observou que o componente do sistema A registrou o mesmo percentual para Cachoeira de Goiás e Guarinos. Já o B e C registraram 62,5% e 50% para Cachoeira de Goiás e 75% e 78,5% para Guarinos. Os SAAM com o maior percentual de riscos altos e muito altos foram os situados em Santa Rita do Novo Destino e Nova Roma com 52,4% cada para A. Mossâmedes e Nova Roma foram os municípios que apresentaram SAAM com o maior número de riscos altos e muito altos para os componentes B e C. Paranaiguara e São Simão apresentaram SAASU com o maior número de riscos altos e muito altos. A Em SAA goianos geridos pelas prefeituras, notam-se deficiências na gestão segura da água distribuída à população. É necessária a adoção de metodologia que contemple todos os componentes dos SAA, independente da tipologia do sistema.

This study evolved from concerns about the number of young people drowning in New Zealand (544 deaths between 1980-1994), the author’s long experience with surf life saving and the suspicion that participation statistics on aquatic recreation do not adequately explain why so many young people drown. It was postulated that the risk of drowning associated with aquatic recreation also was the consequence of many underlying water safety influences that operate at intrapersonal, interpersonal and community levels. Thus the purpose of the study was to obtain comprehensive data on what young people know, think and do about their safety during aquatic recreation. A 25-item questionnaire was designed to survey a randomised sample of New Zealand youth (2202, year 11, 15 – 19 year olds) to assess their participation in, knowledge about and behaviour during aquatic recreation. To develop the questionnaire, a conceptual framework was devised that constructed the risk of drowning as a complex phenomenon dependent on how often young people participate in various forms of water-based activities, but largely influenced by their water safety knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, all of which are shaped by social, cultural and demographic variables. Almost all New Zealand youth had taken part in some swimming (98%) or other aquatic activity (94%) in the previous year. Risk of drowning was exacerbated among many students because they had poor water safety skills and knowledge, held unsound water safety attitudes, and often practiced at-risk behaviours. For example, many students estimated that they could not swim more than 100 m (54%), thought that swimming was acceptable at a surf beach after patrol hours (61%), and had swum outside patrol flags (61%) or never worn lifejacket (19%) during aquatic recreation. Taken separately, any one of these dispositions is capable of heightening drowning risk; taken collectively they offer strong explanation as to why youth are at greater risk of drowning than others. When analysed by gender, the lack of water safety knowledge, the prevalence of unsafe attitudes and at-risk behaviours among males was consistent and pronounced. The effect of socio-economic status and ethnicity on these risk-enhancing dispositions was less pronounced, although the data did suggest that the knowledge base of youth from low-decile schools and of Pasifika and Asian ethnicity provided least protective potential in the event of unintentional submersion.

No description available.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A terceira ediÃÃo dos Guias para a Qualidade de Ãgua PotÃvel da OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde â OMS trouxe uma nova visÃo e preocupaÃÃo com a saÃde, cuja finalidade à a garantia da qualidade da Ãgua como instrumento de proteÃÃo à saÃde pÃblica. Para isso, o Plano de SeguranÃa da Ãgua (PSA) foi proposto como ferramenta para assegurar a qualidade da Ãgua proveniente de um sistema de abastecimento de Ãgua a partir de um planejamento integral de avaliaÃÃo dos riscos e gestÃo, envolvendo todas as etapas do sistema de abastecimento, desde a bacia de captaÃÃo atà a sua distribuiÃÃo ao consumidor final. O plano envolve algumas medidas essenciais para garantia da qualidade da Ãgua: a avaliaÃÃo do sistema de abastecimento de Ãgua, o monitoramento operacional eficaz e a sua respectiva gestÃo. O desenvolvimento do plano tambÃm abrange algumas etapas essenciais e, dentre elas, inclui-se a avaliaÃÃo dos fatores de perigo e caracterizaÃÃo dos riscos. Os mÃtodos utilizados no PSA baseiam-se em muitos dos princÃpios e conceitos aplicados em outros sistemas de gestÃo de riscos, como o sistema de barreiras mÃltiplas e a anÃlise de perigo e de pontos crÃticos de controle (APPCC). O presente trabalho traz uma proposta metodolÃgica utilizando ferramentas baseadas na LÃgica Fuzzy e metodologias de AnÃlise MulticritÃrio, com o intuito de auxiliar no processo decisÃrio. Como estudo de caso, foram selecionados os Sistemas de Abastecimento de Ãgua (SAA) que atendem 13 dos 15 municÃpios da RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza, no Estado do CearÃ. Utilizando a metodologia pode-se concluir que os sistemas estÃo com nÃvel de pertinÃncia mais preponderante, de maneira geral, em uma escala de Risco Baixo, fora o caso especÃfico de apenas um deles, que ficou com maior nÃvel de pertinÃncia para a escala de Risco Moderado. AlÃm de indicar os nÃveis de pertinÃncia do risco em que se encontra cada SAA, a metodologia permitiu ainda classificÃ-los em funÃÃo da escala de risco. Numa escala de risco e em nÃvel relativo, os municÃpios puderam ser classificados em ordem, onde o de mais baixo risco evidenciado foi o municÃpio de Maracanaà e, o Ãltimo, o de Cascavel. Ademais, a metodologia mostrou-se ser uma alternativa para fornecer subsÃdios para avaliaÃÃo dos riscos e tomada de decisÃo em consonÃncia com as diretrizes dos Planos de SeguranÃa da Ãgua. / The third edition of the Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality of the World Health Organization - WHO brought a new vision and concern for health, whose purpose is the guarantee of water quality as a tool for public health protection. For this, the Water Safety Plan (PSA) was proposed as a tool to ensure the quality of water from a water supply system from a comprehensive planning risk assessment and management, involving all stages of system supply, from catchment to distribution to final consumers. The plan involves some key measures to ensure the water quality evaluation system for water supply, operational monitoring and its effective administration thereof. The development plan also covers some essential steps, and among them include the assessment of risk factors and risk characterization. The methods used in the PSA are based on many of the principles and concepts applied in other systems of risk management, as the system of multiple barriers and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). This paper presents a methodology using fuzzy logic-based tools and Multicriteria Analysis methodologies in order to assist in decision making. As a case study, we selected the Water Supply Systems (WSS) that serve 13 of the 15 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, in CearÃ. Using the methodology can be concluded that systems with a level of relevance with a Low Risk scale are more prevalent, in general, outside the specific case of only one, who took higher level of relevance in the Moderate Risk scale. Besides indicating the relevance of the levels of risk of each WSS, the methodology also allowed us to classify them according to the scale of risk. On a scale of risk and the relative level, the municipalities could be sorted, where the lowest risk was evident to Maracanaà and the last, to Cascavel. Furthermore, the methodology proved to be an alternative to providing subsidies for risk assessment and decision making in line with the guidelines of the Water Safety Plans.

Malgré une surveillance constante exercée par les MNS, des noyades surviennent dans les PPAP. La thèse propose une analyse systémique et organisationnelle du risque de noyade dans ces équipements. Elle s'appuie sur une méthodologie qualitative plurielle : une analyse documentaire visant à quantifier le phénomène accidentel doublée de 9 entretiens d'experts (partie C), des observations de terrain menées dans 108 PPAP dans l'optique d'objectiver l'effectivité de la surveillance (partie D) et des entretiens semi-directifs afin de cerner les causes profondes des inadéquations : (n=27) à titre expérimental au sein d'une métropole du Grand-Ouest à l'occasion d'une mission d'expertise commanditée et (n=30) au sein de la communauté d'agglomération Caen la mer (partie E). Les résultats obtenus montrent que : 1) la production de données quantitatives sur la noyade en PPAP est entravée par un certain nombre de barrières faisant de cette question un « angle mort » de la connaissance ; 2) la surveillance exercée par les MNS est dégradée la moitié du temps d'observation et que 3) les arbitrages managériaux, la dynamique organisationnelle, mais aussi les représentations des acteurs interfèrent avec la fonction de surveillance, exerçant une influence sur sa réalisation et sa qualité. Les travaux mettent en évidence la coexistence et la redondance de boucles de rétroaction relativement efficaces mais peu coordonnées, articulées de manière contingente et inscrites dans différents registres. Aléatoire quant à son efficacité, la surveillance exercée par les MNS renvoie à une tâche difficile, fortement contrainte et de surcroît sujette à des formes plurielles d'adaptation. Ce travail montre que la gestion des risques dans ces équipements ainsi que les pratiques actuelles sont perfectibles. A ce propos, des recommandations à même d'optimiser la gestion des risques et la surveillance des bassins ont pu être formulées. Des actions préventives ont du reste été engagées (partie F) / Drownings occur in PSP (public swimming pool) despite lifeguard supervision.The thesis proposes a systemic and organizational analysis of the drowning risk in PSP based on a combined qualitative methodology : a documentary analysis aimed at quantifying the accidental phenomenon coupled with 9 expert interviews (part C), field observations conducted in 108 PSP in order to objectifying the effectiveness of supervision (part D) and semi-structured interviews to identify the root causes of mismatches : (n = 27) in experimental way for a Grand-Ouest metropolis within the framework of an expertise mission and (n = 30) within the Caen la mer community (part E). The results of the study show that : (1) the production of quantitative data on PSP drowning is hampered by several barriers that make this issue a “blind spot” of the knowledge ; 2) the supervision by lifeguard is degraded half of the observation time and 3) managerial arbitration, organizational dynamics, but also social representations of the actors interfere with the supervision function, exerting influence on its realization and quality. The work highlights the coexistence and redundancy of feedback loops that are relatively efficient but not coordinated, articulated in a contingent way and included into different registers. Monitoring by lifeguards, which is random about its effectiveness, refers to a difficult task, which is highly constrained and, moreover, subject to plural forms of adaptation. This work shows that the management of the drowning risks in these equipment and the current practices are perfectible. Moreover, recommendations were formulated to optimize risk management and pool supervision. Preventive action was also launched (Part F)

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-01T17:20:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ADAILTON LIMA SILVA - TESE (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 6315966 bytes, checksum: ca1d3dc8490aae77fa90c914695bb644 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T17:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ADAILTON LIMA SILVA - TESE (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 6315966 bytes, checksum: ca1d3dc8490aae77fa90c914695bb644 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Capes / As condições edafoclimáticas do semiárido brasileiro têm conduzido à escassez de água, a qual tem contribuído para que inúmeras famílias rurais consumam água de má qualidade que, por vezes, estão com elevados níveis de sais ou contaminadas por microrganismos patógenos. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar, de forma comparativa, como o uso de um condensador acoplado a um dessalinizador solar poderia aumentar a oferta de água potável às famílias rurais que convivem com a escassez hídrica, e com isso obter benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais. Neste sentido, foram analisados alguns aspectos: i) potencial máximo e mínimo de obtenção de água em função da radiação solar e das temperaturas médias diárias; ii) evidenciar a eficiência do condensador extra na promoção de uma maior obtenção de água potável; iii) analisar o potencial de captação de águas de chuvas adquirido com o uso dos dessalinizadores solar, e investigar possíveis variações de produção de água em função da salinidade da água; iv) averiguar a qualidade/potabilidade das águas antes e depois dos processos de dessalinização e desinfecção com os dessalinizadores solar; e v) diagnosticar os benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais advindos do uso de dessalinizadores solar no tratamento de águas. Com estas premissas, foi realizada, no Assentamento Olho D’água, município de Seridó-PB, no semiárido paraibano, uma pesquisa experimental e qualiquantitativa, tomando por base: fundamentos teóricos e documentais; visitas técnicas e observações in loco; levantamento de dados e realização de cálculos estatísticos; realização de pesquisas participativas junto às famílias rurais; além da realização de análises laboratoriais de amostras de águas. Com isso, pôde-se observar que: o grande potencial de energia solar disponível localmente torna possível o tratamento de águas salinas; o uso do condensador proporcionou um aumento médio de 42% na obtenção de água advinda do dessalinizador; os dessalinizadores solar mostraram-se eficientes na captação de água de chuva, o que contribuiu para aumentar a oferta de água; a salinidade é um fator que reduz a obtenção de água; e, por fim, os dessalinizadores solar possibilitaram inúmeros benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais (baixo custo de implantação, fornece água de boa qualidade, contribuiu para a gestão e segurança hídrica, utiliza energia solar limpa e renovável, entre outros.). Assim, concluiu-se que o dessalinizador solar com condensador extra é uma tecnologia social e sustentável para a gestão dos recursos hídricos, isso porque o mesmo mostrou-se ser economicamente viável, socialmente justo/disseminável, e ambientalmente correto. / The soil and climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region have led to water scarcity, which has contributed to the fact that numerous rural families consume poor quality water that is sometimes high in salts or contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms.. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in a comparative way, how the use of an condenser coupled to a solar desalinator could increase the supply of drinking water to the rural families living with the water shortage, thus obtaining socioeconomic and environmental benefits. In this sense, some aspects were analyzed: i) maximum and minimum potential for obtaining water as a function of solar radiation and average daily temperatures; Ii) to demonstrate the efficiency of the extra condenser prototype in the promotion of a greater obtaining of drinking water; Iii) to analyze the rainwater harvesting potential acquired with the use of solar desalinators, and to investigate possible variations in water production as a function of water salinity; Iv) to check the quality / potability of the water before and after the desalination and disinfection processes with the solar desalinizers; And v) to diagnose the socioeconomic and environmental benefits derived from the use of solar desalinizers in water treatment. With these premises, an experimental and qualiquantitative research was carried out, in the Olho D'água settlement, in the city of Seridó-PB, in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, based on theoretical and documentary foundations; Technical visits and on-site observations; Data collection and statistical calculations; Conducting participatory research with rural families; In addition to performing laboratory analyzes of water samples. Thus, it could be observed that: the great potential of locally available solar energy makes it possible to treat salt water; The use of the extra condenser provided an average increase of 42% in obtaining water from the desalinator; The solar desalinators were efficient in the capture of rainwater, which contributed to increase the supply of water; The salinity is a factor that reduces the obtaining of water; And finally, solar desalinators have provided numerous socio-economic and environmental benefits (low cost of implementation, good quality water, contributed to water management and safety, uses clean and renewable solar energy, among others.). Thus, it was concluded that the solar desalinator with condenser is a social and sustainable technology for the management of water resources, because it has proved to be economically viable, socially fair / disseminable, and environmentally sound.

The aim of the thesis is to describe the role of the Water Rescue Service of the Czech Red Cross as a component of the Integrated Rescue System, and also to analyze and compare its activities with activities, skills and the material-technical equipment with other three randomly selected Water Rescue Services in Europe (Slovak Red Cross - Water Rescue Service, Irish Water Safety, The Royal Life Saving Society UK). One of the major benefits of the diploma thesis was a proposal how to improve the activities of the Water Rescue Service of the Czech Red Cross.