This thesis deals with the problems associated with the revitalization of watercourses. For a processing of study watercourse revitalization was selected basin of Dobechov stream. The proposal of the measures should contribute to the improvement of the water regime and ecological stability in the area. The work contains theoretical and practical part. In theory, the reader finds the concepts associated with the adjustment of watercourses and revitalization measures, where they are individually described. In the practical part is characterized the area of interest with the proposal for the revitalization of the watercourse. Finally, it evaluated the current status of stream and benefits of the proposed measures. Part of the work is also a list of literature which was used, photographs of the area of interest and map outputs.

This diploma thesis deals with problems connected with the revitalization of small watercourses in the urbanized landscape. For the study processing the brook Stoka stream was selected to proces the flow study. The study should contribute to improve water conditions and ecological stability in the area. The thesis contains a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, the reader will find terms connected with treatment of watercourses, history of the revitalization stages, but also the possibilities of financing the revitalization actions. The practical part contains characteristics of the interest basin and the proposal of revitalization of the

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de investigar a derivaÃÃo antropogÃnica de uma bacia hidrogrÃfica de cabeceira situada em regiÃo metropolitana: a porÃÃo da bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Maranguapinho circunscrita no municÃpio de Maranguape (CearÃ). Este recorte territorial remete à presenÃa de Ãreas urbanas, rurais e de transiÃÃo, com a peculiaridade destas Ãreas urbanas estarem situadas entre serras, bem como o fato das vastas Ãreas rurais estarem associadas a uma bacia hidrogrÃfica metropolitana que, à jusante, perpassa por intensas dinÃmicas urbanas. Tendo em vista que este trabalho se propÃs a averiguar as transformaÃÃes na paisagem e no ambiente, essencialmente originadas pelo homem em sociedade, tornou-se necessÃria a distinÃÃo das Ãreas urbanizadas das demais. Para isto, buscou-se compreender como se estabelecem as formas de uso e ocupaÃÃo da terra e o manejo dos recursos hÃdricos neste territÃrio, nos levando à identificaÃÃo de trÃs unidades de paisagem de acordo com seus respectivos graus de antropizaÃÃo. Consideramos, ainda, como de fundamental importÃncia a contextualizaÃÃo do recorte territorial estudado perante a RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza, tendo em vista a discussÃo sobre as polÃticas de abastecimento de Ãgua e esgotamento sanitÃrio executadas em seus municÃpios. AlÃm disso, realizou-se o debate da problemÃtica socioambiental nas Ãreas de maior adensamento habitacional, onde se deu destaque Ãs habitaÃÃes de baixo padrÃo situadas nas margens dos cursos dâÃgua, configuradas como uma das mais marcantes formas de ocupaÃÃo do solo urbano verificadas neste recorte. Este estudo revelou a precariedade da gestÃo ambiental nas Ãreas rurais, com forte incidÃncia de desmatamentos nas margens dos afluentes da bacia hidrogrÃfica estudada, bem como, problemÃticas associadas à exposiÃÃo do solo nas Ãreas de entorno da cidade. Constatou-se, ainda, uma elevada deficiÃncia no atendimento de esgotamento sanitÃrio da cidade, o que contribui para uma maior degradaÃÃo da condiÃÃo de vida das classes sociais de baixa renda e para a poluiÃÃo dos corpos hÃdricos urbanos. A conclusÃo à de que se faz urgente e necessÃria a estruturaÃÃo de uma gestÃo territorial (no Ãmbito do municÃpio) e ambiental (no Ãmbito da bacia hidrogrÃfica) que, respectivamente, tenham como base a visÃo integrada dos impactos ambientais em escala local e a compreensÃo da bacia hidrogrÃfica como um sistema integrado, onde as intervenÃÃes realizadas nas Ãreas de montante se refletem nas Ãreas à jusante / The objective of this research was to investigate the anthropogenic derivation of a headwatershed located in a metropolitan area: the portion of the watershed of the river Maranguapinho situated in the municipality of Maranguape (CearÃ, Brazil). This territory refers to the presence of urban, rural and transitional, with peculiarities: these urban areas are located between mountains and the vast rural areas are associated with a metropolitan watershed that, downstream, runs through intense dynamic urban areas. Given that this study proposed to investigate the changes in landscape and environment, mainly originated by man in society, it became necessary to distinguish urban areas from the rest. For this, it was necessary to understand how are established the many forms of use and occupation of land and the water management in this territory, which leaded us to the identification of three landscape units according to their respective degrees of human disturbance. We also considered as a fundamental step, the contextualization of the studied territory, front to the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, in view of the discussion on policies for water supply and sewerage services performed in their communities. Moreover, there was a discussion about the socio-environmental problem in areas of higher density housing, which was highlighted as a low type of housing located on the banks of watercourses, configured as one of the most striking forms of land use verified in the object of this research. This study revealed the precariousness of environmental management in rural areas with high incidence of deforestation on the banks of tributaries of the watershed as well as problems related to exposure of soil in areas surrounding the city. It was found also a high deficiency in care of sanitation of the city, which contributes to further deterioration of living conditions of social classes in conditions of poverty and the pollution of the urban water resources. The conclusion is that it is urgent and necessary to structure a territorial management (within the municipality) and a environmental management (within the watershed) which, respectively, are based on the integrated view of environmental impacts at the local scale and understanding the watershed as an integrated system, where interventions undertaken in amount areas are reflected in downstream areas

Mit landschaftsplanerischen und wasserbaulichen Maßnahmen soll die Kleine Spree gemäß EG-WRRL einen guten Zustand erreichen. Das 40 km lange Nebengewässer der Spree ist stark vom Braunkohlenbergbau beeinflusst. Der Bericht beschreibt und bewertet den Ist-Zustand der Kleinen Spree, analysiert die Defizite und leitet die Maßnahmen für einen guten ökologischen Zustand ab. Für die Gewässerabschnitte wurden Pläne zur Renaturierung im Maßstab von 1:10.000 erstellt. Sie basieren auf dem Strahlquellen- und Trittsteinprinzip, bei dem ökologisch gute und sehr gute Abschnitte so im Gewässerverlauf platziert werden, dass die Strahlwirkung das gesamte Gewässer umfasst.

Unionida musslor (stormusslor) är en djurgrupp som kan ha positiv påverkan på ekosystemfunktioner i vattendrag och ökar den biologiska mångfalden. Musslorna absorberar föda genom filtrering av vattenmassor, vilket genererar en bättre vattenkvalitet och ger mat till andra bottendjur. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka en av våra svenska stormusslor flodpärlmusslan (Margaritifera margaritifera), och om det fanns något samband mellan musselbankar och bottenfauna. Provtagning av bottenfauna skedde i Vasslabäcken, Örebro län. 54 prover togs totalt och 27 av dem togs vid musselbankar medan resterande 27 var kontroll utanför musselbankar. Studien visade ingen signifikant skillnad i den totala bottenfaunans täthet i musselbankar jämfört med kontrollområden utanför musselbankar. Däremot fanns en signifikant högre täthet av nattsländor i kontrollerna än i musselbankarna, medan det inte fanns några skillnader i täthet mellan kontroller och musselbankar för några andra djurordningar. Det fanns även fler ordningar utanför musselbankar än i musselbankar, men antalet individer var så få att inga långtgående slutsatser kan dras. För att vidare undersöka musslors påverkan på flora och fauna kan man undersöka fler år och säsonger under året, samt använda sig av en mer experimentell design. / Unionidea mussels (large mussels) are a group of animals that can have a positive impact on ecosystem functions in watercourses and increase biodiversity. The mussels absorb food by filtering water masses, which generates a better water quality and provides food for other benthic animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate one of our swedish large mussels the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera), and whether there was any connection between musselbanks and benthic fauna. Sampling of benthic fauna took place in Vasslabäcken, Örebro region. A total of 54 samples were taken and 27 of them were taken at musselbanks while the remaining 27 were controls outside musselbanks. The study showed no significant difference in the density of the total benthic fauna in musselbanks compared with control areas outside musselbanks. On the other hand, there was a significantly higher density of moths in the controls than in the musselbanks, while there were no differences in density between controls and musselbanks for any other animal orders. There were also more schemes outside musselbanks than in musselbanks, but the number of individuals was so small that no far-reaching conclusions can be drawn. To further investigate the impact of mussels on flora and fauna, you can investigate more years and seasons during the year, and use a more experimental design.

Protection of International Watercourses The purpose of the Thesis is to analyze the present degree of the protection of international watercourses and to describe three main levels: international law, European law and Czech law. Although the issue of environmental protection and sustainable use of international watercourses is considered to be one of the most significant problems of the present society, the topic has been rather neglected by Czech scholars. Analytical, logical and historical methods were primarily applied in the study. The thesis is composed of four chapters, which are furthermore divided into sections and subsections. The term "international watercourses" usually designates rivers, lakes and groundwater sources shared by two or more states. Chapter one deals with international customary law (especially equitable utilization and no harm principle), international treaty law (global and regional cooperation as well as non- binding documents) and selected major cases important for the evolution of protection of water. In the past, international water law concerned mostly with allocating water supply between riparian states. Nowadays the law concentrates more on permissible uses of watercourses and preventing pollution of freshwater resources as well as water ecosystems. The second...

A Lei n° 9.433/1997 que institui a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) congrega as principais diretrizes de planejamento do uso da água a partir da incorporação de importantes Princípios como o do gerenciamento integrado dos recursos hídricos, gestão participativa, integralidade da bacia hidrográfica como interconexão de sistemas de águas superficiais e subterrâneas para gestão interna, resolução pacífica de conflitos, dentre outros. No contexto transfronteiriço, os contornos da cooperação podem ser tanto um instrumento facilitador como complicador das políticas hídricas a serem executadas, uma vez que à luz do Direito Internacional, as intervenções no território de um Estado devem seguir os Princípios da não intervenção, independência e soberania o que demanda uma política de coordenação internacional entre eles. Para estabelecer os contornos internacionais a respeito do que se pretende acerca de recursos naturais transfronteiriços, é usual o surgimento de regimes específicos, com tratado próprio, muitas vezes excetuado do regramento geral internacional. A fim de analisar o quadro jurídico aplicável no contexto hídrico transfronteiriço amazônico a presente tese parte do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro em matéria de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos e aplica, a partir da dimensão internacional, três esferas de análise dos Princípios da troca de informações e estudos prospectivos, solução pacífica dos conflitos, e da participação pública, nas seguintes perspectivas: 1. multilateral, no âmbito da OTCA; 2. bilateral/trilateral, na formação de instâncias ad hoc para a solução de conflitos; 3. local, na formação de Comitês de bacia internacional. / The Brazilian statute n. 9.433/1997 institutes the National Policy of Water Courses, which contains the most important parameters to set policies in this regard and is widely based on international principles, such as the principles of the integrated management of transboundary basins, integrality of the basins, interconnection between ground and surface water, as well as the peaceful settlement of disputes. Transboundary situations may foster or obtrude cooperation to set and execute water policies, since, accordingly to the international law, a state are not allowed to intervene in the territory of other states, because they are independent and sovereign. The only way to harmonize policies is international cooperation. In order to establish the international limits to the use of natural transboundary resources some international regimes usually arouse and are, sometimes, established by treaties which differ from general international law. Aiming to analyze the legal framework applicable to the Amazon transboundary waters, this thesis starts with a study of the Brazilian legal system regarding water resources management and employs, departing from an international perspective, three levels of analysis of principles that refer to exchange of information, prospective studies, peaceful settlement of disputes, and public participation, from the following perspectives: 1. multilateral, under the ACTO regime 2. Bi- and trilateral, when ad hoc instances are created to settle the disputes 3. Local, through the creation of International Basin Committees

[pt] O crescente processo de urbanização no Brasil se iniciou de forma rápida e desordenada causando inúmeros impactos sociais e no ambiente natural. As bacias hidrográficas vêm sendo modificadas com a expansão urbana, causando impactos negativos nas cidades, como a ocorrência de catástrofes associadas a eventos pluviais de alta intensidade. De forma a mitigar os danos de ordem social e ambiental advindos de enchentes, medidas compensatórias em manejo de águas pluviais tornam-se imperativas. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar técnicas de controle para a redução do escoamento superficial, integrando ações sustentáveis de valorização de cursos d água na paisagem, e promovendo o aumento da resiliência em centros urbanos, acompanhado de um gerenciamento e monitoramento satisfatório. Em um estudo de caso na macrodrenagem, na bacia hidrográfica do rio das Tintas, localizado na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, foi avaliado o comportamento hidrológico-hidráulico da calha através do modelo Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), prevendo-se a implantação de reservatório para amortecimento de cheias com fins múltiplos. O reservatório projetado, off-line, promoveu uma redução do pico do hidrograma de cheia da ordem de 11,6 por cento, de 74,8m(3)/s para 66,1m(3)/s na seção de deságue, no rio Sarapuí. Associado à implantação de medidas de baixo impacto (LID) e ações de valorização de cursos d água comprovou-se um aumento da resiliência e a consequente redução dos impactos advindos de enchentes urbanas na área de intervenção proposta. / [en] The increasing process of urbanization in Brazil began in a fast and disorderly way causing numerous social and natural impacts. Urban sprawl has modified the watersheds, causing negative impacts on the cities, such as the occurrence of catastrophes associated with storm events. In order to mitigate the social, environmental and financial damages caused by floods, associated with the promotion of watercourses in the urban landscape and increasing resilience in cities, compensatory measures in stormwater management become imperative.The goal of this work reffers to present alternatives and control techniques applied to drainage systems, contemplating sustainable actions to value the watercourses, integrating them to the landscape and promoting the increase of resilience in urban centers, followed by an effective management and satisfactory monitoring.

The aim of this dissertation is to develop a concept of revitalization of Srbický stream, including its tributaries. The suggestion of arrangement should support an increase of water and environmental stability of the basin. It contains technical and biological revitalization, including the objects of revitalization in the bed of the stream, the estabilishment of restoration of pond reservoirs, designing the localization of wetland areas, oxbow stream restoration, afforestation of the stream banks and erosion - threatened catchment areas. The solution is based on a thorough evaluation of the documents - hydrological, pedological, hydrogeological and vegetative - and on the results of detailed field survey of the area. The proposal follows the processed local territorial system of ecological stability.

A Lei n° 9.433/1997 que institui a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) congrega as principais diretrizes de planejamento do uso da água a partir da incorporação de importantes Princípios como o do gerenciamento integrado dos recursos hídricos, gestão participativa, integralidade da bacia hidrográfica como interconexão de sistemas de águas superficiais e subterrâneas para gestão interna, resolução pacífica de conflitos, dentre outros. No contexto transfronteiriço, os contornos da cooperação podem ser tanto um instrumento facilitador como complicador das políticas hídricas a serem executadas, uma vez que à luz do Direito Internacional, as intervenções no território de um Estado devem seguir os Princípios da não intervenção, independência e soberania o que demanda uma política de coordenação internacional entre eles. Para estabelecer os contornos internacionais a respeito do que se pretende acerca de recursos naturais transfronteiriços, é usual o surgimento de regimes específicos, com tratado próprio, muitas vezes excetuado do regramento geral internacional. A fim de analisar o quadro jurídico aplicável no contexto hídrico transfronteiriço amazônico a presente tese parte do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro em matéria de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos e aplica, a partir da dimensão internacional, três esferas de análise dos Princípios da troca de informações e estudos prospectivos, solução pacífica dos conflitos, e da participação pública, nas seguintes perspectivas: 1. multilateral, no âmbito da OTCA; 2. bilateral/trilateral, na formação de instâncias ad hoc para a solução de conflitos; 3. local, na formação de Comitês de bacia internacional. / The Brazilian statute n. 9.433/1997 institutes the National Policy of Water Courses, which contains the most important parameters to set policies in this regard and is widely based on international principles, such as the principles of the integrated management of transboundary basins, integrality of the basins, interconnection between ground and surface water, as well as the peaceful settlement of disputes. Transboundary situations may foster or obtrude cooperation to set and execute water policies, since, accordingly to the international law, a state are not allowed to intervene in the territory of other states, because they are independent and sovereign. The only way to harmonize policies is international cooperation. In order to establish the international limits to the use of natural transboundary resources some international regimes usually arouse and are, sometimes, established by treaties which differ from general international law. Aiming to analyze the legal framework applicable to the Amazon transboundary waters, this thesis starts with a study of the Brazilian legal system regarding water resources management and employs, departing from an international perspective, three levels of analysis of principles that refer to exchange of information, prospective studies, peaceful settlement of disputes, and public participation, from the following perspectives: 1. multilateral, under the ACTO regime 2. Bi- and trilateral, when ad hoc instances are created to settle the disputes 3. Local, through the creation of International Basin Committees