Empirical models based on linear and nonlinear potential theory that determine the forces on Wave Energy Converters (WECs) are essential as they can be used for structural, mechanical and control system design as well as performance prediction. In contrast to empirical modelling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solves the mass and momentum balance equations for fluid domains. CFD and linear potential theory models represent two extreme in terms of capturing the full range of hydrodynamic effects. These are classified as white box models and the structure of these models is completely derived from first principles understanding of the system. In contrast black box models like a Artificial Neural Networks and Auto-Regressive with, Exogenous Input (ARX), map input and output behaviour of a system without any specific physics based structure. Grey box models do not strictly follow a first principles approach but are based on some observations of relationships between the hydrodynamic effects (e.g. buoyancy force) and system state (e.g. free surface height). The objective of this thesis is to propose a data driven grey box modelling approach, which is computationally efficient compared to high fidelity white box mod- els and still sufficiently accurate for the purpose of determining hydrodynamic forces on heaving WECs. In this thesis, a unique data driven approach that combines features from existing works in modelling of WEC and application of nonlinear hysteretic systems is developed. To that end a CFD based Numerical Wave Tank that could provide the data needed to populate the new modelling framework is used. A hull which hydrodynamically represents a Self Reacting Point Absorbers (SRPAs) with heave plate is subjected to pan-chromatic wave fields and is forced to oscillate concomitantly. The results provide evidence that a SRPA with heave plate exhibits nonlinear relationships with motion parameters including relative position, velocity and acceleration. These parameters show causal relationships with the hydrodynamic force. A simulation methodology to establish confidence in the components of a model framework is developed and the hydrodynamic forces on SRPAs with heave plate and bulbous tank have been analyzed and compared. Two sets of numerical simulation were conducted. Firstly, the WECs were restricted to all degrees of freedom and subjected to monochromatic waves and later the WECs were oscillated at various frequency in a quiescent numerical tank. These results were validated against existing experimental data. Earlier attempts by other authors to develop a data-driven model were limited to simple hulls and did not include rate dependent nonlinearities that develop for heave plates. These studies laid the foundation to current work. The model framework developed in this thesis accounts for the nonlinear relationship between force and parameters like velocity and acceleration along with hysteretic relationship between force and velocity. This modelling framework has a nonlinear static, a hysteresis (Bouc-Wen model) and a dynamic (ARX model) block. In this work the Bouc-Wen model is employed to model the hysteresis effect. Five different models developed from this modelling framework are analyzed; two are state dependent models, while the other three required training to identify dynamic order of model equations. These latter models (Hammerstein, rate dependent Hammerstein and rate dependent KGP models) have been trained and validated for various cases of fixed and oscillating HP cylinder. The results demonstrate significant improvement (max 39%) in prediction accuracy of hydrodynamic forces on a WEC with heave plate, for the model in which a rate dependent hysteresis block is coupled with Hammerstein or KGP models. / Graduate

Detta kandidatexamensarbete behandlar vågkraftverket “NoviOcean” och syftar till att skapa en rekommendation för de mätstorheter som bör övervakas, vilka mätprinciper som är lämpliga, samt eventuellt var sensorerna för dessa bör placeras. Först gjordes en informationssökning, för att förbättra förståelsen för hur vågkraftverket fungerar och vilka komponenter som ingår i konstruktionen. Detta gjordes dels genom att söka igenom företagets officiella dokument och dels med en genomgång med en tekniskt ansvarig från företaget, med en prototyp i mindre skala. Utöver detta undersöktes de förhållanden vågkraftverket kommer användas i, även här genom möten med ansvariga från företaget, för att öka förståelsen för vad produkten kommer utsättas för. När en komplett bild av vågkraftverkets funktion hade genererats påbörjades arbetet med att föreslå mätstorheter. Det första steget var att dela upp produkten i delsystem, för att strukturera upp arbetet. Detta gjorde det möjligt att sedan för respektive delsystem föreslå mätstorheter, som kan ge information om systemets prestanda, hälsa och miljön runtomkring. När de önskade mätstorheterna etablerats gjordes sedan ytterligare en informationssökning, för att undersöka vilka mätprinciper som ansågs vara lämpliga för produkten. Av dessa valdes en eller fler sensortyper ut, om det ansågs finnas mer än en lämplig lösning. Vissa sensorer kunde även placeras ut på enheten, då tillräckligt med information om det relevanta delsystemet ansågs finnas.' I stort anses den slutgiltiga rekommendationen av mätstorheter och mätprinciper uppfylla de krav som ställdes från företaget. En lista för respektive delsystem detaljerar de storheter och principer som anses lämpliga, med bilder och skisser för placering om detta bedömdes genomförbart. I bilagorna återfinns även mer specifika förslag för vidare arbete, för några av delsystemen. / This bachelor thesis report focuses on the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) “NoviOcean” and aims to recommend the physical quantities that should be measured aboard the unit, as well as the appropriate measuring principle for each quantity. An approximate position of each sensor was also recommended, if deemed possible. The first step was to complete a literature study, to form a better understanding of the product and its components. This was done in part by going through the company’s official documents and in part by interviewing the head of mechatronics, with a walk-through of a miniature prototype. Additional meetings with the company were also held, to better understand how and where the product is intended to be used and what conditions it will be exposed to. When the product and its function had been sufficiently understood, the work of suggesting measuring quantities began. The entire system was first divided into smaller sub-systems, to organize and simplify the process. A list of recommended quantities was then generated, that could provide information about the system’s performance, health and surroundings. Once finished, an additional literature study was performed, to understand what measuring principles would be appropriate for each quantity. The most suitable principle was then chosen from this list, unless there was more than one solution, in which case all options were included. Sensor placement could also be determined in some cases, provided that the relevant sub-system was sufficiently well defined. In conclusion, the final recommendation for measured quantities and measuring principles fulfills the demands placed by the commissioner of this report. A list of quantities and measuring principles was generated for each sub-system, with images and sketches detailing sensor placement, if applicable. For some systems, more specific sensor recommendations could be made, the results of which can be found in the appendix.

This project has dealt with the developing a new technology for a renewable energy source, the wave energy, which is considered as one of the renewable resources with a potential to contribute to an energy production corresponding to about 10% of the world’s energy consumption nowadays. A point absorber concept that is using a Power Take-off (PTO) unit converts the sea surface wave motion into electricity thanks to a buoy at the sea surface which is moved by the waves. Due to harsh working conditions, the maintenance would cause too many issues, and a mooring system needs to be developed. The aim in this paper is to design a durable mooring system for at least 20 years of operation even working in a harsh sea environment. A geometry model of the mooring system has been built since the dimensioning of its components was performed. Several concepts were generated and evaluated with a Pugh matrix. An analysis of the different stresses affecting the performance of the system was made to validate the design. In addition, the detail design of the different parts of the system has made to allow their manufacture in future work. / Projektet har behandlat utvecklingen av en ny teknik för en förnybar energikälla, vågenergin, som anses vara en av de mest lovande förnybara resurserna med potential att bidra till en energiproduktion som motsvarar cirka 10 procent av världens energiförbrukning . Ett punktabsorberande koncept som använder en kraftuttagsenhet (PTO) omvandlar havsytans vågsrörelser till elektricitet. På grund av hårda arbetsförhållanden ger underhållsarbete stora problem och ett förtöjningssystem behöver utvecklas. Syftet med detta projekt är att utforma ett hållbart förtöjningssystem för minst 20 års drift, även i en hård havsmiljö. En geometrisk modell av förtöjningssystemet har skapats baserad på dimensionering av dess komponenter. Flera koncept genererades och utvärderades med en Pugh-matris. En simulering av de olika spänningar som påverkar systemets prestanda gjordes för att validera designen. Dessutom har detaljkonstruktion av de olika delarna av systemet gjorts, så att de kan tillverkas i ett framtida arbete.

The wave field in the Baltic Sea has been modelled for a two-year period with the spectral wave model HYPAS. There is a large seasonal variation in the field and a minor annual one, both reflect the wind variation in the area. Since the Baltic Sea is fetch limited, the dominant wind direction is important for the maximum wave heights. By studying the modelled wave energy density in combination with bottom type maps, the effect of the wave field on the sediment surface is examined. Up to half the bottoms in the Baltic Sea are affected ~25% of the time. A statistical relation between wave energy density and bottom types is found for the Gulf of Riga, but in the rest of the area the sediment maps were to coarse. It is, due to this, not possible to say if the result is valid for the whole area or if it is site specific. During resuspension events the remineralisation is increased since deposited organic material is reintroduced into the watermass and there exposed to higher levels of oxygen. This process could act as an increased regional source of nitrogen in nutrient budgets and thus influence the conditions for nitrogen fixation and perhaps explain some of the geographical differences in the nitrogen fixation rates.

Consider a bottom-hinged Oscillating Wave Surge Converter (OWSC): This device oscillates due to the hydrodynamic forces applied on it by the action of ocean waves. The focus of this thesis is to build upon the in-house multi-block generalized coordinate finite volume solver GenIDLEST using a collocated grid arrangement within the framework of the fractional-step method to make it compatible to simulate such systems. The first step in this process is to deploy a convection scheme which differentiates between air and water. This process is further complicated by the 1:1000 density and 1:100 viscosity ratio between the two fluids. For this purpose, a phase field method is chosen for its ease of implementation and proven boundedness and conservativeness properties. Extensive validation and verification using standard test cases, such as droplet in shear flow, Rayleigh Taylor instability, and the Dam Break Problem is carried out. This development is then coupled with the present Immersed Boundary Module which is used to simulate the presence of moving bodies and again verified against test cases, such as the Dam Break problem with a vertical obstacle and heave decay of a partially submerged buoyant cylinder. Finally, a relaxation zone technique is used to generate waves and a numerical beach technique is used to absorb them. These are then used to simulate the Oscillating Surge Wave Converter. / Master of Science / An Oscillating Wave Surge Converter can be best described as a rectangular flap, hinged at the bottom, rotating under the influence of ocean waves from which energy is harvested. The singular aim of this thesis is to model this device using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). More specifically, the aim is to model this dynamic device with the full Navier Stokes Equations, which include inertial forces, arising due to the motion of the fluid, viscous forces which dissipate energy, and body forces such as gravity. This involves three key steps: 1. Modelling the air-water interface using a convection scheme. A phase field method is used to differentiate between the two fluids. This task is made more challenging because of the very large density and viscosity differences between air and water. 2. Model dynamic moving geometries in a time-dependent framework. For this, we rely on the Immersed Boundary Method. 3. Develop a numerical apparatus to generate and absorb ocean waves. For this, we rely on the Relaxation Zone and Numerical Beach Method. These developments are validated in different canonical problems and finally applied to a two-dimensional oscillating surge wave energy converter.

This research paper was submitted to the Department of Geography in fulfillment of the requirements of Geography 4C6. / There are marked differences in the morphology and vegetation of the west (Dune du Nord) and east (Dune du Sud) coast dunes of Les Iles-de-la-Madeleine in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. The west coast dunes consist mainly of blown-out foredunes succeeded inland by large parabolic dunes. Vegetation is dominated by Ammophila breviligulata with <40% cover, except for the rich flora of cranberry bog communities that occur in deflation hollows at the base of the parabolic scarps. One section of Dune du Nord has more stable, heath-covered dunes that have been extensively modified by deflation, creating a complex topography. On the east coast, the stable dunes support species rich heath and grassland vegetation with higher cover (60-100%). The southern part is a wide complex of progradational ridges, now being overridden on the seaward side by a narrow blown-out strip dominated by A. brevliligulata. To the north, the topography is simple, with A. brevliligulata on the foredune that is quickly succeeded by grassland vegetation on a narrow dune flat. This contrast in morpho-ecological conditions between the two coasts is related to the differences in wave energy described by Owens (1977), wind regime, and existing topography. The present research paper provides a Canadian example of Hesp's (1988) model of the surfzone and wave energy interaction with dune morphology and ecology. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

As the climate crisis draws more concern, research and development in wave energy as a renewable energy source has increased. Devices such as wave energy converters (WECs) are being researched, tested, and implemented to make wave energy a competitive power source. Testing of these devices is limited due to environmental concerns such as weather, location, and other issues. WECs require testing in a marine environment, however, performing testing in the actual environment may be difficult due to weather, access, mounting, and other issues. To eliminate environmental unknowns from testing, a wave simulator device can mimic wave behavior without the need for ocean or river testing. After doing research on wave energy and existing solutions, a wave generator device was conceptualized, designed, and manufactured to be used in Cal Poly’s Fluids Lab. The manufacturing portion was limited by time and funding to a small-scale model of the design which was tested and evaluated as the full-scale model would be. The design concept is a device that moves vertically on the back wall of a tank filled with water where the up and down motion will cause waves to form. The vertical motion is achieved by the device being pushed down and pulled up with a crank slider driven by a motor. The rotational motion produced by the motor is translated to linear motion by the crank slider mechanism. The device is restricted to the vertical motion with linear guide rails and attached to the tank with a structural frame. The scale model replicates this design and its components on a small-scale and is used as a proof-of-concept prototype. Its purpose is to validate the design concept and objective of simulating ocean waves. The validated design concept, proven by the scale design, will be manufactured at full-scale by future Senior Design Project teams at Cal Poly. The wave simulator device will be utilized by Cal Poly students, faculty, or affiliates to test different types of WECs.

Wave energy and wave energy converters is a fast rapidly developing field of research and energy harvesting. In recent years, more and more designs have seen operational success, and more and more are in development. Wave energy converters face a challenge not properly explored until recently, high loaded, oscillating motion in a highly hostile environment. Which poses a multitude of challenges ranging from contact fatigue to corrosion wear. However, this field is still in early development, seeing little to no research published about it. This work intends to inform about the challenges these wave energy designs pose in tribology and more specifically to bearings, through a literature study and review. The review establishes a rating for different bearing designs based on how applicable a certain bearing selection would be based on available research. Reaching the conclusion that whilst currently inappropriate to employ, seawater lubricated bearings could reach commercial viability in the future for wave energy devices. Additionally, with the help of excellent sealing solutions and well conducted lubrication regimes, both sliding bearings and rolling element bearings have their advantages and disadvantages and can make use of a multitude of different materials. / Vågkraft och vågkraftsgeneratorer är ett område som växer snabbt i intresse för både forskning och produktutveckling. På senare år har fler och fler vågkraftsgeneratorer och designer för dessa sett framgång i prototyptester och flera är på fortsatt utveckling. Vågkraftsgeneratorer står inför flera utmaningar, med de sammansatta faktorerna av en väldigt korrosiv miljö, höga krafter och oscillerande rörelse. Vilket stället flera krav på designers på allt ifrån korrosionsskydd till materialkunskap krig utmattning av maskinkomponenter. Dessvärre finns ytterst lite noga dokumenterad forskning kring området då det är en väldigt ung bransch. Denna rapport söker att utforska och informera kring de utmaningar som kan ställas på vågkraftsgeneratorer inom specifikt tribologi och specifikt för lager och lagerval. Arbetet fokuserar på en litteraturstudie över de möjliga utmaningarna området skapar. Grundat på relevant forskning inom liknande områden betygsattes ett urval av lagerval för vågkraftsgeneratorer. Där slutsatserna pekar på att då det möjligtvis är olämpligt i nuvarande läge att nytta saltvatten som smörjningsmedel, i framtiden kan detta bli en kommersiell verklighet. Där både glidlager och rullningslager har sina fördelar och nackdelar inom applikationen, med noga valda materialkombinationer, smörjningsmedel och tätningar.

Wave energy has great potential in energy harvesting, but due to its high system cost per electricity production, it is still in the pre-commercialization stage for grid connection. A wave energy converter (WEC) system that harvests energy through wave motion consists of a wave energy converter and a power take-off (PTO). A wave energy converter, usually a floating buoy, absorbs the hydrodynamic motion from wave and generates a mechanical oscillation. A power take-off (PTO) with mechanical transmission, which harvests the electrical energy through the mechanical energy, usually includes a transmission that converts linear motions from the buoy to rotational motions, an electromagnetic generator that produces electricity from a rotational shaft, and a power electronics converter that converts the ac electric power from the generator and charges the output dc battery or the ac grid. The models of the WEC system are usually oversimplified in a multi-physics study. A PTO model as an ideal actuator with 100 % efficiency will show a different frequency response than the real tested results and can make the controller design invalid. A conventional regular-wave circuit model shows discrepancies in power and force prediction in time-domain under irregular wave conditions. A model that can bring the multiple fields together, and provides an accurate prediction from irregular wave dynamics and non-ideal PTO mechanism is needed. A methodology that converts mechanical transmission equations into a circuit model is created. The equivalent circuits of mechanical components such as one-way clutches, gears, a ball screw, mechanical couplings, and generator are derived respectively to describe the dry frictions, viscous damping, and mechanical compliances in these components. The non-ideal efficiency and force of the PTO are predicted in electrical simulations by integrating these sub-circuit models. The circuit model is simplified, and its parameters are categorized as dc and ac unknowns. Using PTO with a mechanical-motion-rectifier (MMR) gearbox as an example, the dc and ac tests on the PTO are performed sequentially to extract two sets of parameters through linear regression or nonlinear curve fitting. The simulated efficiencies of 30 – 80% match well with experimental results. The model is validated through its prediction capability over 25 test conditions on input forces, output voltages, and efficiencies, with correlation coefficients R2 value of 0.9, 0.98, and 0.981, respectively. An equivalent circuit model of fluid-body dynamics for irregular waves, applicable to real ocean conditions with frequency-dependent radiation damping, is developed. Different from PTO modeling, the time-invariant circuit is created from a fourth-order RLC equivalent circuit through transfer function approximation in the frequency domain and Brune network. The circuit-based wave energy converter (WEC) model is verified by comparing the results with the predictions of a detailed model under irregular wave conditions in the time and frequency domains based on a point absorber type of WEC with a power take-off (PTO). The results show that the developed model gives an accurate dynamic prediction for a WEC under both regular and irregular conditions. Along with the PTO model, the circuit-based W2W model is completed for control and design optimization of the WEC system. Wave energy converter systems have faced various challenges such as reciprocal wave motion, high peak-to-average power ratio, and potential wave height from hundred-year storm conditions. These could lead to an overdesigned power take-off (PTO) of the system and significantly reduce the lifetime of the power electronics converter. The power ratio between the peak and the average power of the wave power converter is around 10 – 20 times. Power optimization is necessary to reduce the over design ratio of the power electronics converter. The design guideline that optimizes the power ratings for the power converter and the generator is introduced. The methodology is developed from the W2W circuit model taking the losses of the power converter and the generator into consideration. By optimizing the power limiting and field-weakening controls, the ratio from the average output power to the rated power of the power converter is reduced to 2.4 in the maximum wave condition, and 15 in the annual wave profile. A maximum energy control algorithm on the power electronics in wave energy application is developed to increase the total energy produced from the power converter in a wave energy converter (WEC) system. A 4-D damping and power leveling maps for maximum energy are built for the algorithm. The maps are based on the irregular W2W circuit model and reliability analysis on the IGBT module. From the yearly wave mission profile, the strategy is proved to increase energy by 16 times or increase the lifetime from 3 to 18 years in exchange for 6 % of average output power than the conventional maximum power algorithm. In conclusion, this work provides a new circuit-based perspective for co-designing the multi-disciplinary WEC system. The methodologies of circuit modeling can benefit the co-design process of other mechatronic power systems, such as electric vehicle or renewable energy system. The newly invented mechanical device – the mechanical motion rectifier, is understood thouroughly via the non-ideal electrical model. The commercialization of wave energy converter is driven forward through the reduction of the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) which is made possible by increasing the energy production and optimizing the cost per output power of the generation and power conditioning stages. / Doctor of Philosophy / Wave energy, if all been harvested along the U.S. coastline, can power around 65% of the energy consumption in U.S.. Comparing to other renewable energy sources like solar or wind, ocean wave can provide up to 90% of steady uptime. With the high energy density (2-3 kW/m2), it can produce more energy with the same amount of installation area comparing to the energy density of wind turbine (0.6 kW/m2) and solar panel(0.2 kW/m2). The predictability of wave provides advantages like planning installation, power dispatching, and maintenance activities. Although with all these advantages, wave energy converter system is still in the research stage due to its high system cost per electricity production. One of the challenges that need to be solved is the irregularity from the wave motion that leads to high instantaneous peak power into the wave energy converter, which usually reaches up to 10 - 20 times of the average power. The high peak power will not only bring high mechanical/electrical stress but also result in an overrating design of the components in the system. Another obstacle that prevents the wave energy system from moving forward is the high testing cost from the validations in wave-energy-test sites or tank-test sites. A high-fidelity multi-disciplinary system model, including hydrodynamics, mechanical dynamics, electromagnetics, and power electronics, is needed to predict the behavior of the system and reduce the cost of design validation. This work provides a unified circuit-based perspective for co-designing the multi-disciplinary wave energy system. The efficiencies and mechanical dynamics of the system are accurately predicted via the non-ideal electrical model. These methodologies of circuit modeling can also benefit the co-design process of other mechatronic power systems, such as electric vehicles or renewable energy systems. The peak of the irregular power is controlled by the power-leveling and field-weakening control, and as a result, the overdesign ratio of the power converter reduces from 11.1 to 2.4. Through proper design of the converter's control algorithm, the total produce electric energy is increased by 15 times, as well as the lifetime of the power electronics extended from 3 years to 18 years. Therefore, the commercialization of wave energy converter is driven forward through the reduction of the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE), which is made possible by optimizing the component lifetime and the output energy utilizing the developed circuit-based wave-to-wire model.

Point absorber style marine energy harvesters have been investigated based on their structure, energy harvesting efficiency, and reliability along with costs. However, due to the continuously varying ocean conditions and climates, the system usually suffers low power output and reliability from low input and high Peak to Average Ratio (PAR). Therefore, a Mechanical Motion Rectifier (MMR) based point absorber is introduced in this thesis to promote the harvesting efficiency and reduce the PAR by unifying the input rotation, and allow disengagement inside the gearbox during low power output phase. A 1:20 scale full system was then designed, prototyped, and tested based on the MMR. The bench test results show that the proposed MMR based point absorber could improve the energy conversion efficiency by 10 percent, which brings feasibility to the implementation. Traditional Wave Energy Converter(WEC) can only harvest ocean waves while ocean current is also one of the significant energy sources widely existing in ocean. In order to further increase the energy harvesting efficiency, one individual energy input source shows its limits. A vast majority of places around the world tends to co-exist both marine waves and current, and extracting energy from both sources could potentially increase the electric power output. Therefore, the Hybrid Wave and Current Energy Harvester (HWCEC) is introduced along with the hybrid gearbox. It is capable of harvesting energy from both ocean waves and current simultaneously so that the electric power output is significantly higher from a combined system. Tank test data shows 38-79 percent of electric power output promotion of an HWCEC compared to a regular WEC, and 70 percent reduced PAR in irregular wave condition. After that, system electric damping has been thoroughly investigated on both electrical side and mechanical side. The best power output corresponding electrical resistance is identical to the generator internal resistance while the best gear ratio of 3.5 is determined via both simulation and tank test. Furthermore, the system's PAR has been investigated by analyzing the trend of the peak occurrence. Tank test data shows the HWCEC's output power peak occurrence is at roughly 20 percent located at its PAR average. Therefore, the HWCEC system can promote energy harvesting efficiency to the combined system design, and improve its reliability from a significantly reduced peak to average ratio. It also gives HWCEC a large variety of deployable locations compared to a regular WEC under more marine environment. Furthermore, a new design of the Hybrid model, Hybrid LITE, is then developed, which not only features the HWCEC features, but also a lightweight, immersive and inflatable design for fast deployment and transportation. Since the system is built with an open water chassis, the overall system robustness is significantly improved since no water sealing is required on the powertrain compared to the HWCEC. / Master of Science / Ocean contains enormous amount of Marine Hydrokinetic (MHK) energy including ocean waves, tidal streams, and ocean current. Marine energy was investigated due to its continuous, massive and high-density hydrokinetic power output. In order to better serve the needs for ocean surface applications and take advantage of high energy density compared to other renewable energy sources, Wave Energy Converters (WEC) has been investigated, which harvests energy from the ocean wave. In the past years of study, it came to our attention that places such as the west coast of the U.S., northern Europe, and the Mediterranean area tend to have both abundant marine wave and current energy. Therefore, a new design of the Hybrid Wave and Current Energy Converter (HWCEC) is investigated for higher power output. In order to combine the energy sources from waves and current, a Hybrid Gearbox was selected to joint the power and unifies the motion from the wave for a higher efficiency. Simulations and 1:10 ratio co-existing wave and current basin test have been conducted for the HWCEC. By using the same system, single wave or current input are used as the baselines and the dual input HWCEC has demonstrated great benefit and potential. The electric damping and the gearbox ratio of the HWCEC are studied for the best power output in both simulation and tank test. The result shows that the HWCEC could promote up to 38-71 percent of electricity output in a regular wave condition, and 79 percent in irregular wave condition. The Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) is a key factor for system's mechanical reliability. The testing shows that the HWCEC can reduce 70 percent of the peak motion and contribute to the average, which is an indirect indicator of the system's better reliability. Furthermore, to align the needs of the design for real-life applications, The Hybrid LITE Converter idea was then developed for special deployment requirements for the future application of the Hybrid system. It has a novel open-system design with the implementation of a newly designed hybrid gearbox. This converter has the potential of promoting the reliability, deployability and weight reduction for easy transportation from its open system design compared to HWCEC. The system modeling could be done as future work varies from the changing deployment locations for higher electric power output.