A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment School of Electrical and Information Engineering August 2017 / Modular web content management systems (WCMS) are widely adopted software plat- forms that facilitate the creation of web applications through a process of con guration and assembly of add-on modules. Although WCMSs have been used in a variety of ap- plication domains (e-commerce, news) no clear guidance as to when it is suitable to use a WCMS could be found. This work proposes a methodology to evaluate the suitability of a WCMS in a particular context. This is done by evaluating the suitability indicators (capability, e ort and ease of implementation) for a given WCMS application. The met- hodology evaluates each indicator per application requirement. Capability is evaluated on a Yes/No basis. E ort is evaluated using e ort level, a relative indicator of e ort. E ort levels are de ned in terms of increasing e ort, varying from 0 (feature present in the product) through to 5 (feature requires a custom module to be written). Ease of implementation is evaluated using a qualitative measure (easy, moderate or di cult) of the implementation di culty. The methodology has been successfully validated through the development and evaluation of a web application for a school within a university faculty. In this instance the WCMS capability was evaluated at 100%, as all require- ments could be implemented. The e ort level analysis showed 16% of requirements were present by default in the core product, 22% required some con guration of the core pro- duct, 32% required a single add-on module to be installed, and 30% required multiple add-on modules to be installed. The ease of implementation analysis showed that 86% of requirements were easy, 7% moderate and 7% di cult. The analysis is presented in order to demonstrate the operation of the methodology. Further data would be nee- ded to extrapolate general trends. With repeated use of the methodology in various contexts, it would be possible to build up a useful reference for those considering the use of a WCMS. In addition, this data would permit analysis of overall strengths and weaknesses of a particular WCMS. / MT2018

Le Web des Objets s'inscrit dans divers domaines d'application, tels que la domotique, les entreprises, l'industrie, la médecine, la ville, et l'agriculture. Il se présente comme une couche uniforme placée au-dessus de l'Internet des Objets, afin de surmonter l'hétérogénéité des protocoles présents dans ces réseaux. Une valeur ajoutée des applications Web des Objets est de pouvoir combiner l'accès à divers objets connectés et sources de données externes avec des techniques standards de raisonnement sémantique (RDF-S,OWL). Cela leur permet alors d'interpréter et de manipuler de ces données en tant qu'informations contextuelles. Ces informations contextuelles peuvent être exploitées par ces applications afin d'adapter leurs composants en fonction des changements dans leur environnement. L'adaptation contextuelle est un défi majeur pour le Web des Objets. En effet, les solutions d'adaptation existantes sont soit fortement couplées avec leur domaine d'application (étant donne qu'elles reposent sur des modèles de contexte spécifiques au domaine), soit proposées comme composant logiciels autonomes, difficiles à intégrer dans des architectures Web et orientées sémantique. Cela mène alors à des problèmes d'intégration, de performance et de maintenance. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une solution d'adaptation contextuelle multi préoccupations pour les applications Web des Objets, répondant à des besoins d'utilisabilité, de flexibilité, de pertinence et de performance. Notre travail se base sur un scenario pour l'agriculture numérique et se place dans le cadre de la plateforme orientée-avatar ASAWoO. Premièrement, nous proposons un Meta modèle générique permettant de concevoir des modèles contextuels standards, interopérables et réutilisables. Deuxièmement, nous présentons un cycle de vie du contexte et un workflow d'adaptation contextuelle, permettant la sémantisation de données brutes, ainsi que la contextualisation en parallèle durant l'exécution de l'application. Ce workflow combine des données issues de sources hétérogènes, telles que l'expertise du domaine, les documentations techniques des objets, les données de capteurs et de services Web, etc. Troisièmement, nous présentons une méthode de génération de règles d'adaptations basées sur des situations contextuelles, permettant de limiter l'effort des experts et concepteurs lors de l'élaboration d'applications adaptatives. Quatrièmement, nous proposons deux optimisations pour le raisonnement contextuel : la première adapte la localisation des taches de raisonnement en fonction du contexte, la seconde améliore le processus de maintenance incrémentale d'informations contextuelles / The Web of Things (WoT) takes place in a variety of application domains (e.g. homes, enterprises, industry, healthcare, city, agriculture...). It builds a Web-based uniform layer on top of the Internet of Things (IoT) to overcome the heterogeneity of protocols present in the IoT networks. WoT applications provide added value by combining access to connected objects and external data sources, as well as standard-based reasoning (RDF-S, OWL 2) to allow for interpretation and manipulation of gathered data as contextual information. Contextual information is then exploited to allow these applications to adapt their components to changes in their environment. Yet, contextual adaptation is a major challenge for theWoT. Existing adaptation solutions are either tightly coupled with their application domains (as they rely on domain-specific context models) or offered as standalone software components that hardly fit inWeb-based and semantic architectures. This leads to integration, performance and maintainability problems. In this thesis, we propose a multi-purpose contextual adaptation solution for WoT applications that addresses usability, flexibility, relevance, and performance issues in such applications. Our work is based on a smart agriculture scenario running inside the avatar-based platformASAWoO. First,we provide a generic context meta-model to build standard, interoperable et reusable context models. Second, we present a context lifecycle and a contextual adaptation workflow that provide parallel raw data semantization and contextualization at runtime, using heterogeneous sources (expert knowledge, device documentation, sensors,Web services, etc.). Third, we present a situation-driven adaptation rule design and generation at design time that eases experts and WoT application designers’ work. Fourth, we provide two optimizations of contextual reasoning for theWeb: the first adapts the location of reasoning tasks depending on the context, and the second improves incremental maintenance of contextual information

O advento da tecnologia da Internet, juntamente com a World Wide Web, popularizaram e permitiram uma grande expansão e demanda por aplicações web. Por executarem em um ambiete heterogêneo e complexo, as aplicações web apresentam várias características que as diferenciam dos sistemas tradicionais. As particularidades dessas aplicações tornam o fator qualidade essencial para o sucesso dessas aplicações. Alguns requisitos de qualidade, como usabilidade, confiabilidade, interoperabilidade e segurança devem, então, ser validados. Para assegurar a qualidade desejada, são necessárias executar as atividades de Verificação, Validação e Teste (VV&T). Dentre elas, as mais utilizadas são as atividades de teste. Os critérios, estratégias e ferramentas de teste precisam ser identificados e avaliados para se estabelecer uma relação entre os custos e benefícios entre elas, a fim de guiar a escolha de cada uma durante os testes de aplicações web. A realização de estudos experimentais para realizar essa análise beneficia tanto a academia, nas atividades de ensino e pesquisa, como a indústria, nas atividades de seleção e aplicação de critérios, estratégias e ferramentas de teste de aplicações web. Para que os resultados obtidos estejam acessíveis, é proposto o desenvolvimento de um portal de conhecimento que disponibilize de maneira sistemática o conhecimento obtido sobre critérios, estratégias e ferramentas de teste de aplicações web. Esse portal tem como objetivo oferecer às organizações um ambiente compartilhado de conhecimento, a fim de proporcionar a existência de um ciclo de criação, troca, retenção e reuso do conhecimento / The development of internet technology, along with the World Wide Web, made popular and allowed a demand boom and expansion of web applications. Web applications present some characteristics that differentiate them from the traditional systems, since they execute in a heterogeneous and complex environment. The particularities of these applications demand quality as an essential factor for success. Is this way, quality requirements, like usability, reliability, interoperability and security must be validated. To assure the desired quality, it\'s necessary to execute the activities of Verification, Validation and Test (VV&T), where the most used are the testing activities. The testing criteria, strategies and tools need to be identified and evaluated to establish a relation between the costs and benefits, in order to guide the choice of each one during the tests of web applications. The carrying out of experimental studies benefits the academy, in the activities of education and research, and the industry, in the activities of selection and application of criteria, strategies and tools of testing web applications. Moreover, these results need to be accessible to make available information to the interest people. This work presents the development of a knowledge portal, to facilitate knowledge sharing in a systematic way, with information of test criteria, strategies and tools for validating web applications. This portal intends to offer to the organizations and academic institutions a shared environment of web application test knowledge, in order to constitute a knowledge creation, change, retention and reuse cycle

Com o advento da Internet, as empresas puderam mostrar-se para o mundo. A possibilidade de colocar um negócio na World Wide Web (WWW) criou um novo tipo de dado que as empresas podem utilizar para melhorar ainda mais seu conhecimento sobre o mercado: a sequência de cliques que um usuário efetua em um site. Esse dado pode ser armazenado em uma espécie de Data Warehouse para ser analisado com técnicas de descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados. Assim, há a necessidade de se realizar pesquisas para mostrar como retirar conhecimento a partir dessas sequências de cliques. Neste trabalho são discutidas e analisadas algumas das técnicas utilizadas para atingir esse objetivo. é proposta uma ferramenta onde os dados dessas sequências de cliques são mapeadas para o formato atributo-valor utilizado pelo Sistema Discover, um sistema sendo desenvolvindo em nosso Laboratório para o planejamento e execução de experimentos relacionados aos algoritmos de aprendizado utilizados durante a fase de Mineração de Dados do processo de descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados. Ainda, é proposta a utilização do sistema de Programação Lógica Indutiva chamado Progol para extrair conhecimento relacional das sessões de sequências de cliques que caracterizam a interação de usuários com as páginas visitadas no site. Experimentos iniciais com a utilização de uma sequência de cliques real foram realizados usando Progol e algumas das facilidades já implementadas pelo Sistema Discover.

Este trabalho foca na viabilização do desenvolvimento de serviços semânticos de acordo com o estilo arquitetural REST. Mais especificamente, considera-se a realização REST baseada no protocolo HTTP, resultando em serviços semânticos RESTful. A viabilização de serviços semânticos tem sido tema de diversas publicações no meio acadêmico. Porém, a grande maioria dos esforços considera apenas os serviços desenvolvidos sob o estilo arquitetural RPC, através do protocolo SOAP. A abordagem RPC, fortemente incentivada pela indústria de software, é perfeitamente realizável em termos tecnológicos, mas agrega computações e definições desnecessárias, o que resulta em serviços mais complexos, com baixo desempenho e pouca escalabilidade. O fato é que serviços REST compõem a maioria dos serviços disponibilizados na Web 2.0 nome amplamente adotado para referenciar a atual fase da Web, notoriamente focada na geração colaborativa de conteúdo. A proposta oferecida por este trabalho utiliza uma seleção específica de linguagens e protocolos já existentes, reforçando sua realizabilidade. Utiliza-se a linguagem OWL-S como ontologia de serviços e a linguagem WADL para a descrição sintática dos mesmos. O protocolo HTTP é utilizado na transferência das mensagens, na definição da ação a ser executada e no escopo de execução desta ação. Identificadores URI são utilizados na definição da interface de acesso ao serviço. A compilação final dá origem à ontologia RESTfulGrounding, uma especialização de OWL-S. / The proposal is to allow the development of semantic Web services according to an architectural style called REST. More specifically, it considers a REST implementation based on the HTTP protocol, resulting in RESTful Semantic Web Services. The development of semantic Web services has been the subject of various academic papers. However, the predominant effort considers Web services designed according to another architectural style named RPC, mainly through the SOAP protocol. The RPC approach, strongly stimulated by the software industry, aggregates unnecessary processing and definitions that make Web services more complex than desired. Therefore, services end up being not as scalable and fast as possible. In fact, REST services form the majority of Web services developed within the Web 2.0 context, an environment clearly focused on user-generated content and social aspects. The proposal presented here makes use of a specific selection of existing languages and protocols, reinforcing its feasibility. Firstly, OWL-S is used as the base ontology for services, whereas WADL is for syntactically describing them. Secondly, the HTTP protocol is used for transferring messages; defining the action to be executed; and also defining the execution scope. Finally, URI identifiers are responsible for specifying the service interface. The final compilation proposed results in an ontology named RESTfulGrounding, which extends OWL-S.

Liu Nan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.1 / Acknowledgements --- p.3 / Contents --- p.4 / List of Figures --- p.6 / List of Tables --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Web Structure Mining --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- HITS Algorithm --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- PageRank Algorithm --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Website Mining --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Website Classification --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Web Unit Mining --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Logical Domain Extraction --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Web Thesaurus Construction --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Website Topic Hierarchy Generation --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Problem Definition --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Graph Based Algorithms --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Breadth First Search --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Shortest Path Search --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Minimum Directed Spanning Tree --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- Edge Weight Function --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Relevance Method --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Machine Learning Method --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4 --- Experiments --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Data Preparation --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Performances of Breadth-first Search --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Performances of Shortest-path Search --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Performances of Directed Minimum Spanning Tree --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Comparison of Different Algorithms --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Website Summarization Through Keyphrase Extraction --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2 --- Background --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3 --- Keyphrase Extraction --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Candidate Phrases Idenfication --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Feature Calculation without Topic Hierarchy --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Feature Calculation with Topic Hierarchy --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Extraction of Keyphrases --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4 --- Experiments --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.82 / References: --- p.84

From various surveys, steel bolted end plate connections are used widely in construction projects throughout the UK. The most popular connections are flush end plated ones with extended end plated ones just behind in popularity. These connections are chosen over other connections types mainly due to their ease of construction and fabrication. The main objectives of this project was to develop a design philosophy to predict column web failure moments based on a series of full scale tests (flush and extend end plates) carried out at the University of Abertay Dundee. Buckling of the column web was observed in a large number of the bolted beam-to-column connections tested. Three dimensional finite element prediction models were developed using the software package ABAQUS, these consisted of 3 flush end plates and 4 extended endplates connections. Investigation of Eurocode 3-Annex J was also undertaken with emphasis on the 7 connections that failed by column web buckling. Comparison between the three different prediction methods were investigated, this involved comparing physical test, Eurocode 3 and finite element results (ABAQUS).

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:01:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / In the context of ROA (Resource Oriented Architecture), this paper proposes a distinction between two REST (Representational State Transfer) resources types: The Data Resources(DR) and the Application State Resources(ASR). The DRs are data related resources that can be used in the context of one or more applications. They are therefore linked in an MVC model to the persistence layer (model) and are usually made available through web APIs. The ASR are resources that identify the states of the RESTful application. Therefore,in an MVC model, they would be served by the control layer. An ASR must follow the HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State) restriction that includes, in each application state transferred to the client, links to the next possible application states. The proposed distinction between ASR and DR can be seen as an alternative approach to distinguishing between RESTful web services and web APIs that provides clues as to why greater adherence to web APIs than to pure REST services. Furthermore, this paper proposes to model the transitions between ASRs using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) as a services choreography and presents a simple conversion between FSM (Finite State Machine) based application state models for proposed BPMN based models. Keywords: REST, BPMN, web services RESTful,web APIs, Choreography. / No contexto do ROA (Resource Oriented Architecture), este trabalho propõe uma distinção entre dois tipos de recursos REST(Representational State Transfer): Os Data Resources(DR) e os Application State Resources(ASR). Os DR são recursos relacionados a dados que podem ser utilizados no contexto de uma ou mais aplicações. São vinculados, portanto, num modelo MVC, à camada de persistência(modelo) e, normalmente, são disponibilizados através de web APIs. O ASR são recursos que identificam os estados da aplicação RESTful. Portanto, num modelo MVC, seriam servidos pela camada de controle. Um ASR tem que seguir a restrição HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State) que preconiza incluir, em cada estado da aplicação transferido ao cliente, links para os próximos possíveis estados de aplicação. A distinção proposta entre ASR e DR pode ser vista como uma abordagem alternativa para a distinção entre serviços web RESTful e web APIs que fornece indícios ao porque da maior adesão às web APIs que aos serviços REST puros. Além disso, esse trabalho propõe modelar as transições entre os ASR utilizando BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) como uma coreografia de serviços e apresenta uma conversão simples entre modelos de estados da aplicação baseados em FSM(Máquinas de Estados Finitos) para modelos propostos baseados em BPMN. Palavras-chave: REST, BPMN, serviços web RESTful,web APIs, Coreografia.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-16 / Although there are increasingly more initiatives for the generation of semantic knowledge based on user participation, there is still a shortage of platforms for regular users to create applications on which semantic data can be exploited and generated automatically. The research here proposes an architecture, called SeMaps, for assisting the authoring and hosting of applications in which the maps combine the aggregation of a Geographic Information System and crowd-generated content (called here crowd maps). In these systems, the digital map works as a blackboard for accommodating stories told by people about events they want to share with others typically participating in their social networks. SeMaps offers an environment for the creation and maintenance of sites based on crowd maps with the possibility for the user to characterize semantically that which s/he intends to mark on the map. The designer of a crowd map, by informing a linguistic expression that designates what has to be marked on the maps, is guided in a process that aims to associate a concept from a common-sense base to this linguistic expression. Thus, the crowd maps start to have dominion over common-sense inferential relations that define the meaning of the marker, and are able to make inferences about the network of linked data. This makes it possible to generate maps that have the power to perform inferences and access external sources (such as DBpedia) that constitute information that is useful and appropriate to the context of the map. This research describes SeMaps' architecture and how it was applied in Wikimapps, a crowd map authoring tool. Keywords: crowd maps, semantic web, wiki, RDF, OWL, linked open data, common-sense conceptual base / Apesar de surgirem cada vez mais iniciativas para a geração de conhecimento semântico baseado na participação do usuário, ainda existe uma falta de plataformas para usuários comuns criarem aplicações nas quais dados semânticos podem ser explorados e gerados automaticamente. Esta pesquisa propõe uma arquitetura, chamada SeMaps, para o auxílio na autoria e gerenciamento de aplicações nas quais mapas combinam Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (GIS) e conteúdo gerado colaborativamente (chamados aqui de mapas colaborativos). Nesses sistemas, o mapa digital funciona como um quadro negro para concentrar relatos feitos por pessoas sobre eventos que eles queiram compartilhar com outros. SeMaps oferece um ambiente para a criação e manutenção de sítios baseados em mapas colaborativos com a possibilidade para o usuário de caracterizar semanticamente o que ele deseja marcar no mapa. O produtor de conteúdo de um mapa colaborativo, ao informar uma expressão linguística que descreve o que será marcado no mapa, é guiado em um processo que visa associar um conceito de uma base conceitual de senso comum a essa expressão linguística. A partir daí, o mapa colaborativo começar a obter domínio sobre relações inferenciais de senso comum que definem o significado do marcador, sendo capaz de realizar inferências na rede de dados referenciados abertos. Isso torna possível a geração de mapas que possuem o poder de realizar inferências e acessar fontes de conteúdo externo (como DBpedia) que constituem informação útil e apropriada ao contexto do mapa. Esta pesquisa descreve a arquitetura SeMaps e como ela foi aplicada em Wikimapps, uma ferramenta de autoria de mapas colaborativos. SeMaps tem como alvo desenvolvedores de ferramentas de autoria de mapas colaborativos que desejam, de forma simples, permitir que seus mapas gerados possuam o poder de explorar e gerar dados referenciados abertos. Através do uso de SeMaps, pode-se verificar que Wikimapps passou a gerar mapas colaborativos semânticos capazes de: (i) ter seus dados abertos conforme os padrões estabelecidos para publicação de dados referenciados abertos (LOD), e (ii) capaz de buscar e exibir informações relavantes ao conteúdo do mapa, oriundas de grandes repositórios abertos. Palavras-chave: mapas colaborativos, web semântica, wiki, RDF, OWL, linked open data, base conceitual de senso comum

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:42:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-08 / RESTful web services have become a widely used standard for manipulating data, called resources, available in distributed web servers, called hosts. In this context, several proposals have been made to attempt to formalize the semantics of resources and web services that manipulate them and thus try to integrate RESTful web services to the Semantic Web scenario. However, these proposals are applied to concrete web services, and not to an abstract interface that can be reused by several concrete implementations. This paper presents the Semantic RESTful interfaces - SERIN specification that proposes the use of abstract interfaces in semantic description of resources and RESTful web services. Semantic interfaces are annotated ontologies, written in OWL, whose classes formally describe the semantics of REST resources, and whose annotations indicate which web services are available to manipulate the resources of a host. SERIN similarly to interfaces of Object Oriented Programming, specifies abstract interfaces, ie, disconnected from any concrete implementation, so it represents a contract that determines which resources and web servicesshould be available for every host that implements it. Keywords: Semantic Web. Semantic Web Services. SWS.RESTful Web Services. Ontology.Semantic Interfaces. Abstract Interfaces. SERIN. / Os serviços web RESTful se tornaram um padrão de larga utilização que permitem manipular dados, denominados recursos, disponibilizados em servidores distribuídos na web, denominados hosts. Neste contexto, várias propostas tem sido feitas para tentar formalizar a semântica de recursos e dos serviços web que os manipulam e, desta forma, tentar integrar os serviços web RESTful ao cenário da Web Semântica. Entretanto, estas propostas se aplicam a serviços web concretos e não a uma interface abstrata que possa ser reutilizada por várias implementações concretas. Este trabalho apresenta as SemanticRESTfulINterfaces - SERIN, especificação que propõe a utilização de interfaces semânticas abstratas na descrição de recursos e serviços web RESTful. Interfaces semânticas são ontologias anotadas, escritas em OWL, cujas classes descrevem formalmente a semântica de recursos REST, e cujas anotações indicam quais serviços web estarão disponíveis para manipular os recursos de um host. O SERIN, analogamente as interfaces da Programação Orientada a Objetos, especifica interfaces abstratas, isto é, desconectadas de qualquer implementação concreta, logo representam um contrato que determina recursos e serviços web que devem estar disponíveis por todo host que a implementa. Palavras-chave: Web Semântica. Serviços Web Semânticos. SWS. Serviços Web RESTful. Ontologias. Interfaces Semânticas. Interfaces Abstratas. SERIN.