Managing groundwater resources requires computer modeling software, which in turn brings its own costs in education and usage fees. Although many groundwater modeling programs can be obtained at relatively inexpensive rates the hidden costs of software training remain high in general. What has been done is to make both the software and training available online for free, but this method delegates all responsibility to the users for both accessing the software in addition to learning how to use it properly. In this research the accessibility of groundwater models has been improved upon by creating a web app of an open source software called TimML. I divided up the task of building a general purpose groundwater modeling web app into three different apps with increasing sophistication. The first app I developed simulates construction dewatering using the Dupuit assumptions. The second app also simulates construction dewatering and uses the same basic graphical user interface I developed for the first app while implementing TimML as the backend processor. The culminating app, TimML-Cloud, builds on the user interface created in the first two apps and exposes more of the modeling capacity of TimML. By making TimML a cloud app, people with internet access have greater accessibility to an analytic element groundwater model than before. Because TimML is more accessible than before, people can more readily implement TimML as a decision-making tool in water resource management.

The interactive nature of web applications or “web apps” makes it an excellent medium for conveying complex scientific concepts to lay audiences and creating decision support tools that harness cutting edge modeling techniques. However, the technical expertise required to develop them represents a barrier for would-be developers. The barrier can be characterized by the following hurdles that developers must overcome: (1) identify, select, and install software that meet the spatial and computational capabilities commonly required for water resources modeling; (2) orchestrate the use of multiple FOSS and FOSS4G projects and navigate their differing application programming interfaces (APIs); (3) learn the multi-language programming skills required for modern web development; and (4) develop a web-safe and fully featured web site to host the app. This research has resulted in two primary products that effectively lower the barrier to water resources web app development: (1) a literature review of free and open source software (i.e. software review) and (2) Tethys Platform. The software review included earth science web apps that were published in the peer-reviewed literature in the last decade and it was performed to determine which FOSS4G and FOSS web software has been used to develop such web apps. The review highlights 11 FOSS4G software projects and 9 FOSS projects for web development that were used to develop 45 earth sciences web apps, which constitutes a significantly reduced list of possible software projects that could be used to meet the needs of water resources web app development—greatly lowering the barrier for entry to water resources web development. While the software review addresses the hurdle of identifying FOSS software to provide a web framework and spatial data capabilities for water resources web apps, there are still other hurdles that needed to be overcome to make development more viable. Tethys Platform was developed to address these other hurdles and streamline the development of water resources web apps. It includes (1) a suite of free and open source software that address the unique data and computational needs common to water resources web app development, (2) a Python software development kit for incorporating the functionality of each software element into web apps and streamlining their development, and (3) a customizable web portal that is used to deploy the completed web apps. Tethys Platform has been used to develop a broad array of web apps for water resources modeling and decision support.

The vast supply of different smartphone makes and models, along  with their  accompanying operating  systems,  increase the  demand  for  an  all-in-one  development  solution.   Quite a  few  approaches  to  solving  this  problem  have  cropped  up over the years, ranging from purely web-oriented solutions to something more akin to a native application.   React Native and Progressive Web App development are two different approaches,  both new and promising,  on this spectrum.   This thesis evaluates these approaches in a standardized way using the  ISO  25010 Product  Quality  Model to  gain  insight  into these  types  of  cross-platform  development  as  well  as  how well  such  an  evaluation  works  in  this  context.   The  results show that, while not a perfect fit, a standardized evaluation brings forward less obvious aspects of the development process and contributes with a helpful structure to the evaluation process.

Many desktop applications have moved away from heavy client-side programs tolighter web-based solutions served from the cloud. Mobile applications have also beentraditionally client-based in the form of native applications. With the use of HTML5,however, there is a growing shift towards web apps as opposed to native. HTML5technologies are enabling mobile apps to run in the browser with some native appfunctionality. HTML5 has received a great deal of attention since its release in 2009,there are numerous articles and discussions on the Internet. Some developers are verynegative and some are very positive towards the idea that it is a serious contender inmobile application development. This report presents research carried out to get theviews of developers as to their current use of HTML5 and how much they expect tobe developing mobile apps using HTML5 in the future. Judging by the level ofresponse gained and comments given, this is a very hot topic right now. The researchshows that HTML5 is a viable alternative to native app development but it has somelimitations and has some way to go before it could begin to replace native appdevelopment altogether.

Progressive Web Applications are becoming more advanced and have increased user activity year after year, especially on mobile platforms. But still the standard of performance does not in most cases meet what we expect in relation to the time it takes to load these. Technologies are evolving as an attempt to change this, and one that has gained a lot of attention in recent years is Google AMP (Accelerated Mobile Pages). A technology that initially aimed at very simple content, but which has recently become more advanced but has its main focus on performance. An entire application does not need to be developed with this technology, but a noted method is to use it as an entry-point to another application as an attempt to reduce the initial load time for the user and enhance the experience in later navigations. This report investigates with an experiment how the AMP technology stands against another technology focused on speed, in this case the JavaScript framework Gatsby. This is done with the frameworks as a combination using AMP as an entry-point and also developed separately, all with enhanced Progressive Web App features. To make development easier and understand the difference of applications included in the study, a literature study was also done with focus on this aspect. At the point when the applications became published and available through Google search and measurements for the applications were made, it was discovered that their metrics load time, start render and speed index all had major performance improvements for the AMP applications on the first load with a mobile device utilizing Google cache CDN, but the effect was not as great on desktop. The implementation process differs some in the frameworks included, and turned out to be more restricted with AMP with the desired effect of increasing performance. While the second framework Gatsby is developed more flexible and could be seen as a more modern way of developing.  It shows a positive opportunity to combine technologies to serve content to a user faster on mobile devices, which could be an action to speed up the web and maintain the user experience.

Denna rapport redogör för ett projekt utfärdat av sju teknologer vid Linköpings univer-sitet som en del av kursen TDDD96 Kandidatprojekt i programvaruutveckling på uppdrag avföretaget EcCell Environmental. Ett system har utvecklats som möjliggör för avfallstekni-ker att enkelt bokföra avfallet de hanterar i sitt arbete samt underlätta sammanställningenav det. I detta arbete har en progressiv webbapplikation utvecklats med React, en backendutvecklad i Node.js och en tillhörande databas. Databasen och backend använder sig avmolntjänsten Firebase som erbjuder hostning av webbappen, inloggningsmöjligheter samtlagring av dokument och bilder. Resultatet av projektet är webbapplikationen Trace theWaste där rapporter kan skapas och skickas till databasen samt historik av gamla rapporterkan ses. I diskussionsdelen utvärderas arbetet, alternativa implementationssätt diskuteras samtvilka lärdomar gruppmedlemmarna tar med sig. Därefter dras slutsatser kring rapportensfrågeställningar. Rapporten avslutas med individuella delar från gruppmedlemmarna somär kopplade till projektet.

Developing an app for Android and iOS traditionally requires you to build two different versions. This is both costly and time consuming, which has led to the creation of many Cross-platform alternatives. One such alternative is to use a Progressive Web App (PWA). They are built like regular Web apps and include features previously unique to Native apps. Our focus is to compare PWAs to other Cross-platform solutions by measuring the performance of a PWA, Web app and Cordova app. Terms in the ecosystem are clarified due to inconsistencies, and the process of converting a Web app into a PWA is described. The measurements showed that the PWA and Cordova app had almost equal overall performance, and they were both faster than the Web app. This indicates that PWAs are a viable Cross-platform alternative, but more quantitative studies with performance in focus needs to be conducted due to the small scale of this work. Other aspects of PWAs also needs to be evaluated, such as app size and ease of development.

Everyday one hears about another cyber attack against a company or state. In 2023 the cost of cyber crime reached 8 trillion USD and is expected to reach 10 trillion in 2025 [1]. It is becoming increasingly clear that cyber security is important in modern society and especially in the IT industry. Practical cyber security courses, like ethical hacking, are important to teach students about how attacks are performed and how to identify vulnerabilities. One such course is ethical hacking (EN2720) at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. This practical course allows students to practice hacking techniques on a simulated corporate network much like in a capture the flag type event. However, as these networks are being used in unintended ways, as is the nature of the course, it is common for hosts in the network to break. When this happens students will email teaching assistants (TA) to restart the instance. This wastes both students time as they much wait for TAs to read their email and it wastes TAs time as they most issues they deal with are these requests for restarts. This thesis aims to research, design and implement a solution to this problem. In the research phase it is decided that the best solution would be a web application where students can authenticate themselves using existing credentials and request a restart of an instance. The design phase outlines the steps of exactly how this web app will work. The web app is implemented in python as a proof of concept and tests are written to ensure it operated as intended. It is found that the web app successfully solves the outlined problem but there could be some improvements made. Students use provided public key certificates to authenticate themselves, although appropriate in practice, it theory public keys are not secure and can be held by anyone. / Varje dag hör man om en annan cyberattack mot ett företag eller en stat. År 2023 nådde kostnaden för cyberbrottslighet 8 biljoner USD och förväntas uppgå till 10 biljoner år 2025 [1]. Det blir allt tydligare att cybersäkerhet är viktigt i det moderna samhället och särskilt inom IT-branschen. Praktiska cybersäkerhetskurser, som etisk hacking, är viktiga för att lära eleverna om hur attacker utförs och hur man identifierar sårbarheter. En sådan kurs är etisk hacking (EN2720) vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan. Denna praktiska kurs låter eleverna öva hackingtekniker på ett simulerat företagsnätverk ungefär som i en capture the flag type-händelse. Men eftersom dessa nätverk används på oavsiktliga sätt, vilket är kursens natur, är det vanligt att värdar i nätverket går sönder. När detta händer kommer eleverna att skicka e-post till lärarassistenter (TA) för att starta om instansen. Detta slösar både elevernas tid eftersom de väntar mycket på att TAs ska läsa deras e-post och det slösar TAs tid eftersom de flesta problem de hanterar är dessa förfrågningar om omstarter. Denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka, designa och implementera en lösning på detta problem. I forskningsfasen beslutas att den bästa lösningen skulle vara en webbapplikation där studenter kan autentisera sig med befintliga referenser och begära omstart av en instans. Designfasen beskriver stegen för exakt hur denna webbapp kommer att fungera. Webbappen är implementerad i python som ett proof of concept och tester skrivs för att säkerställa att den fungerar som avsett. Det har visat sig att webbappen framgångsrikt löser det skisserade problemet men det kan göras några förbättringar. Studenter använder tillhandahållna offentliga nyckelcertifikat för att autentisera sig själva, även om det är lämpligt i praktiken, är offentliga nycklar enligt teorin inte säkra och kan innehas av vem som helst.

Healthcare expenditure has been on a steep rise in the past decade. Through preventive measures, the company Qinematic tries to assist the healthcare system through 3D scanning and assessing people with the help of a Kinect. The goal is to detect dysfunction in human movement and fix these issues, improving individual mobility, and with that lessen the burden on the healthcare system. The goal of this study is to develop a working web-based portal for physiotherapists and occupational therapists to analyze the 3D scans and derived measures. Simultaneously this portal should aid the therapists in their assessment of the person, allowing the therapists to improve and speed up the assessment. Interviews, observations, literature, and a state-of-theart is used to explore what is necessary to assist physiotherapists and occupational therapists in their assessment. Based on these requirements, a prototype is developed to explore how these requirements might function. Finally, the prototype is tested with therapists to validate the new functionality. During the prototype evaluation, five out of the six therapists expressed that the prototype was definitely an improvement, while the other one was unsure about the overall improvement. The evaluation of the prototype also produced additional requirements and alterations to existing requirements, which can be used for future work. / Hälsovårdskostnaderna har ökat dramatiskt under det senaste decenniet. Genom förebyggande åtgärder försöker företaget Qinematic att förbättra hälsovårdssystemet via 3D-skanning och mätning av mänsklig rörelse med hjälp av en Kinect-sensor. Målet är att upptäcka bristande funktioner i människans rörelsemönster och förbättra och förbättra individuell mobilitet. samt därigenom minska belastningen på vårdsystemet. Målet med denna studie är att utveckla en webbaserad portal för fysioterapeuter och ergoterapeuter för att analysera 3D-skanningar och åtgärder. Samtidigt bör denna portal hjälpa terapeuterna i sin bedömning av personen, så att terapeuterna kan förbättra och påskynda bedömningen. Intervjuer, observationer, litteratur och en bedömning används för att undersöka vad som är nödvändigt för att hjälpa fysioterapeuter och arbetsterapeuter. Baserat på dessa krav utvecklas en prototyp för att undersöka hur dessa krav kan fungera. Slutligen testas prototypen av terapeuter för att validera den nya funktionaliteten. Under prototyputvärderingen uttryckte fem av de sex terapeuten att prototypen definitivt var en förbättring, medan en var osäker på den övergripande förbättringen. Utvärderingen av prototypen skapade också ytterligare kravspecifikationer och ändringar av befintliga kravspecifikationer som kan användas för framtida arbete.

In today’s digital and mobile world it is more important than ever that companies offer a mobile solution for their costumers. Deciding which mobile solution to implement can be difficult. The purpose of this study is therefore to make this decision easier. Two mobile solutions, web apps and native apps, were compared in order to identify the most important factors that differentiate the two. By assigning the two mobile solutions one score each for every factor, we created a multi-criteria decision-making model. The model was then evaluated, improved and implemented as a decision-making tool. The second evaluation showed that the majority of the respondents agreed with the decision-making tool, suggesting that it could be applied as a recommendation for companies choosing between developing a native app and a web app. / I dagens digitala och mobila värld är det viktigare än någonsin för företag att erbjuda en mobil lösning för sina kunder. Att bestämma vilken mobil lösning som ska implementeras kan vara svårt och därför har denna studie för avsikt att underlätta detta beslut. Två mobila lösningar, webb-appar och nativ-appar, jämfördes för att kunna identifiera de viktigaste faktorerna som skiljer dem emellan. Genom att ge de två mobila lösningarna ett betyg var för varje faktor så kunde en multikriteriebeslutsmodell skapas, utvärderas och implementeras som ett beslutsverktyg. En andra utvärdering visade att majoriteten av de tillfrågade höll med beslutsverktyget vilket tyder på att det kan användas som rekommendation åt företag som väljer mellan att utveckla en nativ-app och en webb-app.